1. Introduction to Linux System
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2. What to Expect?
W's of Linux System
Linux Uses Basics
Magic with Vim Editor
Partitioning and Installing Linux System
X86 Booting sequence
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3. W's of Linux System
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4. Topic
What is Linux System?
Why Linux System?
What makes “Linux” as best Operating System?
What are the places Linux is being used?
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5. Linux Usage Basics
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6. Topics
Root & System Directories
Shell Basics & the 'bash' Shell
File Basics & related Commands
User Basics & related Commands
File Access Permissions
System & Help Information
Standard I/O, Redirection and Pipes
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7. /
the Root of an inverted tree
The top-most or super-parent directory
The container of your computer
Type: ls /
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8. System Directories
/bin, /sbin - system binaries/applications
/var - logs, mails
/proc, /sys - “virtual” windows into the kernel
/etc - configuration files
/lib - shared system libraries
/dev - device files
/boot - Linux kernel and boot related binary files
/opt - for third-party packages
/root, /home - home directory for super user & other users
/usr - user space related files and dirs (binaries, libraries, ...)
/tmp - scratch pad
/mnt - mount points
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9. Shell Basics
What is a Shell?
Various types of Shells
Bourne Shell (sh)
C Shell (csh)
Korn Shell (ksh)
Bourne Again Shell (bash)
TENEX csh (tcsh)
Z Shell (zsh)
Busybox (busybox) – Embedded Systems
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10. Bourne Again SHell
env - shell environment variables
export [var_name] - export a shell variable
HOME - path to user’s home directory
PATH - executable search path
PWD - present user directory
PS1 - command prompt
which - shows executable path
history - command recall
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11. Bourne Again SHell ...
alias - create shortcuts to commands
file - shows the information about a file
type - shows information about a command
Scripts
/etc/profile - System wide startup script
~/.bash_profile – User specific startup script
~/.bashrc – Shell specific startup script
~/.bash_logout – User specific shutdown script
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12. File Basics
Every thing is viewed as a file in Linux
A file under the /
Seven Types
Regular (-)
Directory (d)
Character Device (c)
Block Device (b)
Named Pipe (p)
Socket (s)
Symbolic Link (l)
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13. File related Shell Commands
ls - list directory/file contents cat, less, head, tail - used to
cd - change directory view text files
vi, vim - editors
pwd - print working directory
touch - create and update files
df - disk free
grep - search in files
du - disk usage
find, locate - search for files
cp - copy
gzip, gunzip, bzip, bunzip -
mv - move, rename
compression
rm – remove tar - archive
mkdir - make directory sed, awk - file manipulation
rmdir - remove directory
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14. User Basics
All Accesses into a Linux System are through a
User with a Password
Super User – root
Normal Users - <user_name>
Files: /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow
Users can be categorized into groups
root, bin, sys, adm, …
File: /etc/group
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15. User related Shell Commands
useradd - create user
userdel - delete user
usermod - modify user
su - <username> - start new shell as different user
finger - user information lookup
passwd - change or create user password
who, w, user - to find out who is logged in
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16. Related Shell Commands
chmod – Change file permissions
chown – Change file owner
chgrp – Change file group
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17. Few “Help”ful Shell Commands
uname - print system information
man <topic> - manual pages
info <topic> - information pages
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18. The Complete Software System
Applications
OS Services
Operating System
Hardware
“Kernel Space”
“User Space”
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19. Partitioning and Installing Linux
System
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20. Magic with VIM Editor
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21. VIM Key Sheet
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22. X86 Booting sequence
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23. X86 booting Flowchart
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24. What all have we learnt?
Introduction to Linux System
Linux Usage Basics
Magic of VIM editor
Linux System Overview
Partitioning and Installing Linux System
X86 Booting Sequence
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25. Any Queries?
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