This document discusses various examples of bionanotechnology found in nature. It describes how nature uses biomolecules like DNA, proteins and lipids as templates to arrange inorganic substances like metals on the nanoscale. It discusses the lotus effect and how the micro-nano structure of lotus leaf surfaces cause water to bead up and roll off, keeping the leaf clean. Gecko feet use nanostructured hairs to cling to surfaces, similar to carbon nanotubes. Blind fish have sensory hairs that detect water movement, inspiring artificial sensors. Natural bionanomachines function stably inside cells using weak interaction forces. Butterfly wings display colors through nanotopography interacting with light. Viruses are 10-300nm and

1. Bionanotechnology from Nature Bionanotechnology from Nature

3. Nature depicts how soluble molecules are able to recognize and bind to specific materials to shape into nanostructures

4. Nature offer functional proteins and many other compounds at cellular level of great significance to life on earth.

5. Natural biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, peptides, lipid, carbohydrates act as templates to arrange inorganic substances such as metals on nanoscaleBionanotechnology from Nature

7. The effect is attributed to the micro-nano roughness of the structure surface of the lotus leaf and minimizes the surface area to 2-3% only

8. It further reduces the adhesion forces between the droplets and the leaf surface & rolls off from surface making it self cleaning & water resistantBionanotechnology from Nature

10. Gecko can climb smooth surfaces without falling due to its nanostructured body hair

11. The superglue ability of Gecko is similar to carbon nanotubes which can act like Gecko feet by extending microscopically from a surface and curve like a hookBionanotechnology from Nature

13. The cupula is the eye of fish which can sense underwater hydrodynamic motion and is capable of detecting predators and prey

15. Bionanomachinesare designed to be stable when surrounded by water.

16. Bionanomachinescannot be designed or analyzed in other solvents or in vacuum, because they only show their true structure and function when placed in water.

17. The forces holding bionanomachines together are strong enough to build a stable structure despite the constant jostling of thermal motion and battering by water molecules.

18. The forces are weak enough to allow the construction and demolition of bionanomachines with modest energy resources. Bionanotechnology from Nature

19. Lotus effect Butterfly wings Bionanotechnology from Nature The bright color wings of butterfly are consequence of the nanotopography of the wing’s surface and its interaction with light. The resulting colors are quite striking and visible at a great distances.

21. Natural proteins are designed to form stable globular structures

22. When the protein folds, the water molecules are released to form more favorable interactions with the surrounding water

23. The folded protein, lysozyme, is covered with nitrogen and oxygen atoms that carry electrical charges which form strong interactions with the surrounding waterBionanotechnology from Nature

26. Lotus effect Bionanotechnology from Nature Nano Science and Technology Consortium A-105, Level-III, Sector-63, Noida-201301, U.P., (India). For Queries/Concerns Tel: +91-120- 4781215-17 Mob:+91-9818206463 Website: www.nstc.in E-mail: info@nstc.in Chat: Yahoo ID- nstcchat