This document discusses several environmental issues including water pollution, air pollution, waste and land pollution, and climate change. It outlines the main causes and effects of each issue and provides potential solutions. The causes mentioned include dumping industrial waste, improper human and animal waste disposal, use of fertilizers and pesticides, burning of fossil fuels, increased CO2 levels, and deforestation. The effects include damage to ecosystems, disease spread, global warming, and biodiversity loss. Solutions proposed range from reducing pollution and waste, using alternatives to chemicals and fossil fuels, and increasing renewable energy and tree planting. The document also discusses school- and home-based environmental programs and projects, and includes an oath to protect the environment.

31. Environmental
Issues and
Concerns
Causes Effects Solutions
Water Pollution  Dumping
industrial waste
into the nearby
sources of water.
 Improper
disposal of
human and
animal waste.
 Fertilizers,
pesticides used in
agriculture.
 Pathogens,
sediments and
chemical
pollutants.
 Damage to the
food chain.
 Diseases can be
spread through
polluted water.
 Acid rain
 Alteration of the
over all chemistry
of water.
 Contaminated
marine food
sources.
 Altered water
temperatures
which can kill the
marine life.
 Pick up waste
material and
throw them in
the trash can.
 Weeding should
be practiced
instead of using
herbicides to kill
unwanted weeds.
 Encourage to use
of organic
fertilizers rather
than inorganic
fertilizers.

35. Environmental
Issues and
Concerns
Causes Effects Solutions
Air Pollution  Burning of fossil
fuel.
 Increased level
of carbon
dioxide in the
air.
 Car exhausts and
other emissions
(SMOG)
 Increased road
and air traffic.
 Chlorofluorocar
bons (CFCs) use
in refrigerants
and aerosol
propellants.
 Acid rain
 Health problems
to human beings
i.e. respiratory
disorders, cancer,
etc.
 Global warming
 Encourage your
family to use the
bus, train or bike
when
commuting. If
we all do this,
there will be less
cars on road and
less fumes.
 Recycle and re-
use things.
 Use energy
(light, water,
boiler, kettle and
fire woods)
wisely.

38. Environmental
Issues and
Concerns
Causes Effects Solutions
Waste and
Land Pollution
 Degenerative
actions i.e.
deforestation,
overuse of
pesticides and
chemical
fertilizers,
desertification,
mining,
inadequate
waste treatment.
 Soil pollution
caused by
overuse of
chemical
fertilizers and
pesticides.
 Leads to loss of
forest cover of the
earth.
 Destruction of
natural habitat of
species leading to
their extinction.
 Biomagni-fication
whereby certain
non-biodegradable
substances
accumulate in the
food chain
affecting the food
pyramid.
 Encourage to
use organic
fertilizers rather
than inorganic
fertilizers.
 Proper
segregation of
waste.
 Reduce
Waste, Re-
use things and
Recycle things.
 Store all liquid
chemicals and
waste in spill-
proof
containers.

39. Environmental
Issues and
Concerns
Causes Effects Solutions
Waste and
Land Pollution
 Misuse of land
i.e.
desertification,
land
conversion,
felling of trees
to clear land of
agriculture
 Land
conversion
 Urbanization,
improper waste
disposal, E-
waste, industrial
activities.
 Effects of
biodiversity that
brings about
disruption of the
balance of nature.
 Diseases, health
problems.
 Buy products
that have little
packaging.
 Don’t dump
motor oil on
the ground.
 Store all liquid
chemicals and
waste in spill-
proof
containers.

41. Environmental
Issues and
Concerns
Causes Effects Solutions
Climate
Change
 Global warming
due to
“greenhouse
effect”
 Increased world
population
 Burning of
fossil fuels
 Heat waves
 Rising temperature
 Worsened air
pollution
 Increased of
SMOG
 Wildfire smoke and
pollution
 Drought, floods
 Spread of epidemic
diseases
 Worsened
waterborne,
illnesses, infectious
diseases.
 Driving less
 Renewable
energy including
energy from
wind, solar,
wave, biofuels,
etc., substitutes
directly for fossil
fuels and
eliminates CO2
emissions
entirely.
 Energy
conservation
 Plant more trees

43. School-Based Environmental
Programs and Projects
Home-Based Environmental
Programs and Projects

44. An Oath To Save Mother Earth
I ___________________________ , being a good citizen
of our planet, shall use my learning in Environmental
Education to preserve and protect the environment and all life
in it. I believe that genuine learning does not end with just
passing my examinations, but should continue into doing good
for my country and for the environment.
I am a (grade/year_________________________
pupil/student of (school)____________________________, a/an
_____________________citizen and a STEWARD of the
environment.
Signature : ____________________
Date : ________________________