1. monos "single"+ trema "hole“, reffering to the cloaca

2. o Kingdom: Animalia
o Phylum: Chordata
o Class: Mammalia
o Subclass: Prototheria
o Order: Monotremata
o Families:
o Kollikodontidae†
o Steropodontidae†
o Ornithorhynchidae - Platypus
o Tachyglossidae
o Tachyglossus – Short-beaked echidna
o Zaglossus – Long-beaked echidna

3.  Egg-laying mammals , they lay heavily yolked eggs.
 The egg is retained for some time within the mother,
who actively provides the egg with nutrients.
 Endothermic
 Lacks pinna (has only ear slits)
 3 bones in middle ear
 Brain lacks corpus callusom

4.  They have no nipples, a milky fluid oozes out from
modifies sweat glands onto tufts of hairs in shallow
pits of the abdomen, from which the young lick it up.
 The monotreme leg bears a spur in the ankle region,
the spur is non-functional in echidnas, but contains a
powerful venom in the male Platypus.

5.  Ornithorhynchidae  Tachyglossidae
 Spends most of their time in the  Terrestrial animals
water.  They have long, sticky tongues and
 They have webbed feet for stout claws to gather food.
swimming and for walking on  Armed with shard quills and rolls
muddy river bottoms. into a ball for protection.
 Soft, rubbery, sensitive, beaklike  Usually produces 1 egg only
muzzle with which they detect
invertebrates.
 1 – 3 eggs

6.  Ornithorhynchus anatinus

7.  Tachyglossus - T. a. setosus
 Zaglossus - Zaglossus bruijni

9. o Kingdom: Animalia
o Phylum: Chordata
o Class: Mammalia
o Subclass: Theria
o Infraclass: Marsupialia
o Order:
Didelphimorphia
Paucituberculata
Microbiotheria
Dasyuromorphia
Peramelemorphia
Notoryctemorphia
Diprotodontia

10.  Non-placental mammals
 Yolk sac serves as placenta
 give birth to premature young climbs from the mother's birth canal
to the nipples. it grabs on with its mouth and continues to develop
 Some marsupials have a rudimentary placenta that functions for
only a short time, such as the bandicoot

11.  females typically have an external pouch – “marsupium” in which the
immature young are raised after birth until early infancy
 Short gestation times is due to having a yolk-type placenta in the
mother marsupial (8-43 days)

12.  Epipubic bones
(both sexes; whether or
not they have pouches)

13.  The female has two reproductive organ. Both open
externally through one orifice, but lead to different
compartments within the uterus. Males usually
have a two-pronged reproductive organ, which
corresponds to the females' two reproductive
organ.

14.  Teeth are either diprotodont ("two front teeth")
or polyprotodont ("many front teeth")

15.  Digits are either didactylus (separate; ancestral state)
or syndactylus ("fused toes")

16. Opossum

17. Rat Opossums

18. Monito del Monte

19. Thylacine
Numbat
Dasyure

20. Bandicoots

21. Marsupial Moles

22. Wombat
Kangaroo

24.  Several mammalian characteristics
 Vertebrates
 Endothermic
 Presence of fur/skin/hair
 Breathing through lungs
 Production of milk to feed young
 3 middle ear bones

26.  Both lack corpus callosum
 It is a brain structure that connects the left and the right
hemisphere of the brain

27.  Presence of epipubic bones
 A rod-like bone which projects forward from the pelvis.
In female marsupials, supports the Marsupium.

30. 1) Monotremes are egg-laying, while marsupials give
birth to live, helpless young.

33. 2) Monotremes excrete milk through mammary glands
located in the skin, while marsupials have nipples
where milk passes.

34. 3) Monotremes have a single cloaca while marsupials
have separate genital and urinary tracts, although an
external trace of the cloaca still exists.

36. 4) Monotremes lack teeth; instead they chew food with
bony plate at roof of mouth (echidna) or roughened
gums (platypus). Marsupials have teeth.

38.  Marsupials have bifid reproductive organs while
monotremes do not.
 Bifid – split into 2

40. 6) Outer ear of monotremes lack pinna (ear lobe) while
marsupials have pinna.

41.  Monotremes have reptilian/birdlike characteristics
(especially in platypus) while marsupials closely
resemble the other mammals.