3. Integrated Pest Management A strategy to prevent and suppress pests with minimum impact on human health, the environment and non-target organisms. Decision-making process that uses regular monitoring to decide if and when treatments are needed to control a pest, then uses a variety of tactics to keep pest numbers low.
4. OSU’s IPM Mission Encourage sustainable gardening Identify and monitor before acting. Consider management options Cultural (healthy plants; sanitation) Physical(hand picking) Biological (Bt) Chemical controls (organic or synthetic). Consider least toxic first!
5. Some Considerations Value of plant ($ and personal) Time constraints Cost of treatment Toxicity of available controls Personal gardening philosophy
6. Management Principles of IPM Prevention Monitor the plants Identify the pest organism learn life cycle Establish an acceptable injury level Manage the situation Cultural Physical Biological Chemical Record and Evaluate
8. Prevention Take care of soil Drainage Right plant, right place Choose adapted crops and varieties Resistant varieties
9. Prevention Avoid over watering or under watering veggies. Plan a watering schedule Irrigate in the morning Irrigate soil, not plants Provide air flow.
17. Biological and Chemical Control Methods For treatments that you buy: Look for targeted treatments instead of wide spectrum treatments Make sure crop and pest is listed on label
28. Botanical insecticide: Neem From seeds of the neem tree Broad spectrum against many pests Must be ingested to be toxic Low mammalian toxicity May require repeat applications
39. Don’t let invasives go to seed! Many weeds produce 1000 - 25,000 seeds/plant Some produce 100,000 or more (pigweed) Half-life of many common weeds is 2-8 years http://njaes.rutgers.edu/images/photos/weeds/large/commonpigweed-full.jpg
40. Don’t bring in new weeds Avoid bringing new weeds to the garden in horse manure, compost, or straw Horse Manure must be hot composted. Request records.
41. Mechanical Weeding Use comfortable tools Be diligent Kill weeds when young (2-3 true leaves) More effective when warm, dry, and windy Control weeds early in crop growth – when they can compete most with crops
44. Stale Seedbed Method Plough or spade Prepare seedbed Irrigation or rain then wait 1-2 weeks Light cultivation (or otherwise kill weeds) Repeat if possible Plant or sow seed Good for July seed planting
49. Most Plant Problems Caused by non-living factors Poor growing conditions Temperature extremes Poor water management Soil compaction Mechanical injury Abiotic factors also make plants susceptible to pests / diseases.
50. Non-Living (Abiotic) Causes Weather: heat, cold, wind, water Mechanical damage Nutrient deficiencies or toxicities Toxins: pesticides, soil or air pollutants From http://www.pioneer.co.nz/
55. Your Thinking Process Understand problem (research!) Form tentative diagnosis (confirm) Identify management options Implement management practice Monitor effects Record observations
56. PATTERNS OF DAMAGE In the field and on the leaf Damage that spreads is from a living cause, however, nutrient deficiency symptoms can worsen over time Uniform => Nonliving Nonuniform => Living
57. Diagnosing Plant Problems Symptom Change in the plant, ie. yellowing, holes in leaves, wilting, dead tissue, etc. Sign The organism that’s causing the damage, ie. insect, mold, frass, etc.
65. Slugs n’ Snails What do they need to live? Encourage predators Birds, snakes, ground beetles Eliminate habitat Beer and board traps Chemical (baits) Iron phosphate metaldahyde
79. Crop Damage: Severe in hot, dry weather Young plants susceptible after 6-8 leaves plants compensate for damage Larvae may damage root brassicas Broccoli, cabbage, etc.
80. Flea beetles - Biology and life history Most flea beetle species have similar life cycles. Adults overwinter in trash around field margins. They become active in late March through May. Flea beetles lay their very small eggs in May in the soil around the plant, on the leaves, or in cavities hollowed out in stems. The larvae feed on the foliage, mine the leaves, or attack the roots, depending on the species, usually from June to mid-July, when pupation in the soil occurs. Next generation of Adults emerge from July through early September and feed a short time before overwintering in trash around field margins. Depending on the species, there are one or two generations each year. Courtesy of Dave Muehleisen WSU
81. Flea Beetle Control Cultural Physical Waxy leaved varieties more tolerant Delayed seeding Use transplants and rowcovers Trap crops Biological nematodes (larvae only) soil must be warmer than 53°F Chemical- all broad spectrum pyrethrins (O) malathion carbaryl esfenvalerate
83. Beet Leaf Miner Cultural Control weeds- Lamb’s quarters Destroy infected material Crop rotation- Pupa over winter in soil Row covers during April and May Biological- attract natural enemies Chemical- (O) rotenone (mix with pyrethrins) (O) spinosid Neither if grown for greens
85. Principles of IPM Prevention Monitor the plants Identify the pest organism learn life cycle Establish an acceptable injury level Manage the situation Cultural Physical Biological Chemical (organic and synthesized) Evaluation
86. Review of Presentation IPM Process IPM Case Studies Physical Means Conservation Biological Approach Some Products
