2. Voluntary Reflex
20
18
16
14
12
T Contraction (s)
10
T Stimulus (s)
8
Change (s)
6
4
2
0
Kick 1 Kick 2 Kick 3 Kick 4 Kick 5
Involuntary Reflex
16
14
12
10
T Contraction (s)
8
T Stimulus (s)
6 Change (s)
4
2
0
Kick 1 Kick 2 Kick 3 Kick 4 Kick 5

3. Reflex Without Reinforcement
2.5
2
1.5 Max (mV)
Min (mV)
1 Change mV
0.5
0
Response 1 Response 2 Response 3 Response 4 Response 5
Reflex With Reinforcement
3
2.5
2
Max (mV)
1.5 Min (mV)
Change mV
1
0.5
0
Response 1 Response 2 Response 3 Response 4 Response 5

4. Neuron State Fair Emergency Procedures Experiment
This experiment was conducted in order to decide the best possible method of
preparing for an emergency while planning the state fair. The above tables will be
referred to as evidence for each situation.
Decision 1: Should a person be used to activate the EMS team (voluntary), or should it be
done automatically by a machine (involuntary)?
Verdict: A machine would be preferred because a machine can detect an
emergency much quicker and cause a faster reaction than a person can. The differences
in the Change of time in the first versus second table is accounted for by the human delay
of alerting emergency services, as evident in the study.
Decision 2: What would be the minimum data transfer speed needed to quickly convey
emergency messages across the fair?
Verdict: .72 meters per second. The data must travel .72 m/s to reach EMS on
time
*** Please note: This varies from the predicted value of 100 m/s because lab
conditions were not as perfect as researchers could have made them. Budget was too
low.
A nerve impulse travels very quickly, but an actual electrical system would be much
more beneficial and fast, as a nerve impulse can travel up to 100 m/s and electricity
can travel along a wire at 3.00 e8 m/s.
Lab analysis: The larger the fair, the slower the reaction will be, as compared to the
other data.

5. The nervous system has the functions and roles are very important for living things. Nervous system
collect and process information, react to various stimuli and also arranged a variety of cells. Relation
to the disciplines of psychology of the nervous system is also a driver of behavior. For example
stimulus received a bad news and then he became upset and sad feelings are manifested in crying,
it is a small example of how the nervous system plays a very important role in human behavior. The
nervous system was essentially divided into two namely:
1) The central nervous system and
2) Peripheral nervous system.
Central nervous system has the function of receiving, processing and interpreting or interpreting
and storing sensory information coming from sensory nerves like the taste, sound, smell, color and
pressure on the skin, internal organs and glands others. Central nervous system also functions
to send messages to muscles, glands and internal organs. Central nervous system has two
components, namely the brain and spinal marrow (spinal cord)

6. 1) Brain The brain regulates all human activities. The brain is located in the skull cavity and covered
by three layers of meninges membrane that is strong. Outermost membrane called the dura mater,
the innermost and the middle is piamater called arachnoid. Among the three membranes that are
fluid called cerebrospinal function is to reduce the impact or shock. The human brain is divided into
three parts, namely a large brain (cerebrum), cerebellum (cerebellum) and advanced marrow.
a) big brain (cerebrum) Cerebrum has a surface that folds and is divided into two parts. The left
hemisphere to serve the body right and the right hemisphere to serve the body left. The cerebrum
consists of two layers. Gray outer layer called the cortex, containing the bodies of nerve cells. The
inner layer contains white nerve fibers (neurit / axons). Big brain serves as a center of conscious
activities such as thinking, remembering, talking, seeing, hearing, and moving.
b) Little Brain (Cerebellum) The cerebellum is located under the rear of the cerebrum. Small brain
structures such as large brain. Consisting of the right and left hemispheres. Right and left
hemispheres of the cerebellum are connected by bridges Varol. Divided into two layers as outer
layers of the cerebrum that is gray and white inner layer. The cerebellum serves to regulate the
body's balance and coordinate the muscles work when we move. c) advanced Marrow Advanced
marrow (medulla oblongata) is divided into two layers, namely layers in the gray because it contains
a lot of weight nerve cells and the outer layer is white because it contains neurit (axons). Advanced
marrow serves as the central control of breathing, blood vessels constrict, regulate heartbeat,
regulate body temperature and other activities that are not realized.
2). Spinal cord (spinal cord)
Is an extension of the brain. Bemula spinal cord from the base of the brain, then ran along the
middle of the back and protected by the backbone. Spinal nerves have a role as a bridge that
connects the brain to other parts of the body that lies below the neck. Spinal cord is capable of
producing reflex movements automatically without any help from the brain and without involving
conscious effort. For example, when a person touches the iron unwitting intentionally he will pull his
hand from the iron. Before the brain processes the events that have occurred. Nerve impulses
carrying messages to the spinal cord and spinal send commands in the form of impulses to the
muscles pull the hand away from the iron hand.
B. Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system or peripheral nervous system plays with
messages and information coming out of the central nervous system. Peripheral nervous system is
divided into two namely: 1) somatic nervous system and 2) the autonomic nervous system. Somatic
nervous system (skeletal nervous system) consists of the nerves associated with sensory receptors

7. that make a person able to feel the world. Skeletal muscles also allows one to perform deliberate
actions such as turning on the lights, feel the insect was walking on his body, somatic system is
active. Autonomic nervous system function as a regulator of blood vessels, glands and internal
organs such as bladder, stomach and heart. When someone is angry then his ears flushed or
emotion until the heartbeat is increased, then that's where the autonomic nervous system is on.
Autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts, namely the sympathetic nervous system and
the parasympathetic nervous system, where each of the nervous system is working in the opposite
order to the body can adapt to the environment. For example, the sympathetic nervous system
makes a person's face became red, issued a drought and the energy issue, improve heart rate and
blood pressure, sympathetic nervous system works when a person is in a situation that demands for
a fight, escape and overcome the condition. The workings of the parasympathetic nervous system
does not actually stop the process in the body but tend decrease and keep everything running
smoothly. For example, the parasympathetic nervous system causes the body to conserve and save
energy, and when someone is fleeing from the pursuit of making the nervous system increases heart
rate is slow again aan heart rate and keep the heart rhythm in order to stay regular.

8. Cell Jobs/ link nerve picture
• Nancy’s Non-Neural Family- The neuroglia family is the glue to the neurons and is also a
great support and protection force.
Amanda Astocyte- She covers the surface of the neuron and blood vessel slide. She
helps provide structural support and helps form the blood/brain barrier. Also she regulates
what substances from the blood reach the neurons
Carl Ciliated ependymal- He lines the ventricles of the brain bowling alley to help move
the cerebrospinal fluid that keeps everything running smoothly.
Erika Ependymal- Carl’s partner, On the surface of the choroid plexus secretes the
cerebrospinal fluid.
Marcus Microglia- He phagocytizes dead nervous tissue, microorganisms and other
foreign matter. This helps keep the fair clean for all its customers.
Olga Oligodencrocyte- She is the extension from the Myelin sheath around each axon
within the peripheral nervous system. She helps all parts of the park under control.
Sam Schwann- He forms the myelin sheath around each axon within the peripheral
nervous system. This provides protection for the riders, so they are safe from harm.
Sydney Satellite- Neuron cell bodies with ganglia are surrounded by her. She also
provides protection to the rides and the riders.
• Niall’s Neural Family- This family receives stimuli and conducts action potentials.
Unipolar Ugo- He is a single fiber that extends from the cell and divides into two branches,
one connected to the peripheral body part and works as a dendrite, the other entering the
brain or spinal cord and functions as an axon.
Bipolar Beatrice- She has only two nerve fibers one, an axon and the multipolar neuron.
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9. EMERGENCIES: Nerve
Impulses
In case of any emergencies, make sure to read about Nerve Impulses before going to our fair!
You may be surprised of the things we (ourselves) do but don’t even realize!
How do Nerve Impulses Start?
We and other animals have several types of receptors of mechanical stimuli. Each initiates
nerve impulses in sensory neurons when it is physically deformed by an outside force such as:
touch
pressure
stretching
sound waves
motion
(6)
Mechanoreceptors enable us to
detect touch
monitor the position of our muscles, bones, and joints - the sense of proprioception
detect sounds and the motion of the body.
(6)
Nerve impulses are when neurons are remarkable among cells because they initiate and
conduct signals. One way to describe a nerve impulse is as a wave of electrical fluctuation that
travels along the plasma membrane. (1)

10. Please note to check the blog post
after this one to find the missing part
of the artifact. It could not be printed
as a PDF