Aushadha sevana

Aushadha Sevana
(Applied Medicinal Intake)

Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/

Aushadha Sevana (Applied Medicinal Intake)

Introduction
• Success in Medical practice depends upon, 4
factors viz. Patient, Physician, Assistant &
Medicine
• The Medicinal action differ by –
– Selected Medicine
– Route selection
– Type of administration
– Time of administration
• Present context is with the time of drug
administration in Medicinal Intake
• The intake could be of many ways – ingestion,
inhalation, consumption, uptake, inletting, etc.



Chikitsa Chatushpada
• For the successful management of a
disease – we require 4 factors, viz.
Physician (Bhishak), Medicine (Dravya),
Assistant (Upastata) & Patient (Rogi)
• Even though rest of 3 are suitable – with
out proper mediciene – they become
Incomplete & Incompatible
• The best medicine bears the qualities of
– Abundance (Bahuta), Disease targeted
(Yogyatwam), Available in multiple forms
(Anekavidhakalpana) & Best quality
(Sampat)



• BD and TDS are the western method
but not the Ayurvedic
• Ayurveda prescribes the medicine
carefully looking at Agni, Rutu,
Aharakala and many more
• The triads made in Chikitsa
Chatushpada –
a
ad
hp

– Physician- Medicine – Patient = direct
tus

medication method = prescription
ha

– Physician- Patient – Assistant =
C
tsa

procedural method = Panchakarma
iki

– Physician- Medicine – Assistant = remote
Ch

medication method = Radio treatment
– All these three methods yield successful
management of diseases



Aushadha - Medicine
• Medicine is defined as - something that treats or
prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease
• A medicine or Procedure that subsides one and
develops another is not the best. Always we have to
select such medicine or procedure which doesn’t
aggravate a diseases with suppressing the disease
for which it is used. AH Su 13/16
• Aushadha is a synonym of Chikitsa (Treatment)
defines as – developed from herbs to be good in a
disease state based upon the symptoms – Cha Chi
1-1/3
• The Bheshaja Aushadha is of two types – Swasta
Aushadha (Rasayana, Vajikarana) & Atura
Aushadha (Rogaharam)



Kaala
• Kaala vitiates the Dosha and heals with it in due
course
• Kaalakrita Bala is classified as Rutu vibhagajam
(Adana-Visarga) & Vayahkritam - Ch Su 11/37

• MüÉsÉÉãÌWû pÉaÉuÉÉlÉç
• MüÉsÉÇ mÉÑlÉ: mÉËUhÉÉqÉ EcrÉiÉã – cÉ xÉÔ 11/42

• Kaala is Divine (represents the GOD) – it is also
said as the transformation
• The Transformation in the sense - from Health to
Disease and vice versa



• Medicinal Intake methods are
Typology
mainly two –
– 1)taken by patient
– 2)given by physician
• Many Authors explained
Medicinal Intake methods are
–
– 6 types by Charaka [ChaChi
30/293-307]
– 5 types by Sharngadhara [SS 1-
2/2-3]
– 10 types by Susruta [Su Ut
64/56-64],
– 10 types by Vagbhata (AH) [AH
Su 13/37-41]
– 11 types by Astanga Sangraha
[AS Su 23/13]



Charaka – Typology
• Charaka described 6 Types of Medicinal intake
methods, but generally considered Aushadha
Sub-category as Aushadhakala [Cha Chi
30/293-307]
1. Dina Kaala (day time)
2. Atura Kaala (patient oriented time)
3. Aushadha Kaala (medicinal time)
4. Vyadhi kaala (Disease times)
5. Jeerna Kaala (Digested state)
6. Rutu kaala (seasonal times)



Charaka – Typology :: Dina Kaala (day time)
Brahmi * Nasya • Dina Kaala is practiced for the
Muhurta procedurals medicinal intake rather than
Akshi Tarpana
4 AM oral route – they are
Abhyanga,
6 AM – Pratah [4-6AM] – morning = Akshitarpana
sweda etc
Bahyakarma – Poorvahna [6AM-11AM] – before afternoon =
Vamana, Virechana, Niroohavasti (SuChi38/3)
Vamana,
Virechana, – Madhyahna [12-1PM] – at Noon (after meals)
11AM = Anuvasana vasti
Nirooha
12
vasti – Sayam [6-8PM] – evening = Akshitarpana,
NOON Niroohavasti (SuChi38/3)
1PM Anuvasana Vasti – Muhurmuhu [Any time] – repeated times =
Nasya (SuChi40/50, AHSu 20/28-29)
6 PM Nirooha Vasti • It is preferred and prescribed in Ayurveda
to practice Abhyanga after the bath &
8 PM Akshi Tarpana Niruhavasi after the digestion of food
Nishi



Charaka – Typology :: Atura Kaala (patient oriented time)
Brahmi
Muhurta This selection time is based upon
4 AM the strength of the patient in
6 AM relation with food
Balavan =
Pratah -
– the strong (Bala) patient is
11AM Abhojana advised medicine before food in
12 the Pratah (Morning)
NOON

1PM
– the weak (Durbala) patient
Durbala
– Ahara advised medicine with food
6 PM Pravicha (Ahara Pravicharana) – it is
rana
8 PM practiced twice with
Nishi Bhojanakaala


Charaka – Typology :: Aushadha Kaala (medicinal time)1
Brahmi
Muhurta • All the 10 are said in relation with food
4 AM only
1. Bhakta Samyuktam (Medicine cooked with
6 AM food)
2. Diva Bhakta adi (at starting day food course)
@11 AM 3. Grasa (with bolus)
4. Samudga (Medicine in between food)
12
NOON 5. Grasantara (in between bolus)
6. Bhakata madhya (at middle of food course)
@1 PM 7. Diva Bhakta Paschat (after food course in day)
@5 PM 8. Ratri Bhakta adi (at starting night food course)
6 PM 9. Ratri Bhakta Paschat (after food course in
@7 PM night)
8 PM 10. Muhurmuhu (Repeatedly)
Nishi



Charaka – Typology :: Aushadha Kaala (medicinal time)2
Brahmi
Muhurta • Here Charaka followed 5 Vata classification
4 AM in relation to meals – not specified whether
6 AM
it is in the day or night
1. Pratah (on empty stomach) for Vyanavata
vitiation
2. Bhojana Poorvam (Before Food) for Apanavata
12 vitiation
NOON
3. Bhojana Madhyam (in the middle of meals) for
Samanavata vitiation
4. Bhojanantara (after meals) for Udanavata vitiation
5. Grasa-Grasa (with every bolus) for Pranavata
6 PM
vitiation
8 PM
Nishi



Charaka – Typology :: Vyadhi kaala (Disease times)
• Vydhi avasta to determine is difficult
– but to say its genesis & relation to
time is easy
• Disease genesis is based upon 4 –
viz. Dina (Day), Ratri (Night), Vayah
(Age) & Bhojana kaala (Food time) –
from beginning to the end as Kapah
(Adi) – Pitta (Madhya) – Vata (Antya)
• Sequential presentation of medicines
and foods as in Jwara – Peya –
Kashaya – Ksheera – Ghrita -
Virechana



Vayah Kapha Pitta Vata
Vardhakya

Vata
Yavana

Pitta

Kapha
Kapha

Kapha
Balya Kapha

Vata
Vata

Pitta
Pitta

Vata
Pitta
Muhurta
Brahmi

Nishi

4 AM 6 AM 12 NOON 6 PM 8 PM
Dina Bhojana Ratri Bhojana 4 AM



6 Fold 12 Factors of Ashana Pravichara [SuUt64/56-64]
• Looking at the mere time and Dosha is not
sufficient to get disease pacified
• We require Ashana Pravichara along with
medicine to fortify the medicinal effect –
Susruta suggest 6 fold 12 variant Food eating
methods
– 1) Sheeta / Ushna
– 2) Snigdha / Rooksha
– 3) Drava / Shushka
– 4) Ekakalika / dwikalika
– 5) Yukatamatra / Heena dosha
– 6) Dosha prashamana / Vutyardham (Shareera
Vruddhi)



Sheeta / Ushna

• Sheeta Ahara / Aushadha is given for
the patients who has – Trushna (thirst),
Daha arta (burning sensation), Ushna
(hot), Mada (alcoholic), Visha (toxic),
Raktapitta (bleeding), Moorcha
(unconscious), Sukra ksheena
(oligozospermia), etc
• Ushna Ahara / Aushadha is given for –
in Sneha pana (fatty consumers),
Virikta (after purgation), Kapha & Vata
diseases, Praklinna deha (watery
body), etc



Snigdha / Rooksha
• Snigdha (unctuous) Ahara / Aushadha
is given for – vata disease, Rooksha
(dry body), Vyayami (athlete), Vyavaya
soshi (weak after sex), etc
• Rooksha (un-unctuous) Ahara /
Aushadha is given for – Medaska
(fatty), Sthoola (obese), Meha
(diabetic), Kapha deha (Kapha body
type), etc



Drava / Shushka
• Drava (fluid) Ahara / Aushadha is
given for – Pipasa (thirsty), Sushka
(dry body), Durbala (weak), etc
• Snigdha (dry) Ahara / Aushadha is
given for – praklinna deha
(sweating body – usually diabetic),
Vrani (wounded), etc



Ekakalika / dwikalika
• Ekakalika (once in day) Ahara /
Aushadha is given for –
durbalagni [people with poor
digestion] – it makes the kindling
of the digestive fire
• Dwikalika (twice in day) Ahara /
Aushadha is given for – samana
[people with good digestion]



Yukatamatra / Heena dosha
• Yukatamatra (full dose) Ahara /
Aushadha is given for – Aushadha
dweshi (patient who doesn’t like
the medicine), etc
• Heena dosha (small dose) Ahara /
Aushadha is given for – mandagni
(poor digestion patient), etc



Dosha prashamana / Vutyardham
(Shareera Vruddhi)
• Dosha prashamana (dosha
pacification) Ahara / Aushadha is
given for – according to Ritu
(season) and Dosha to subside the
Dosha
• Vutyardham (body building) Ahara
/ Aushadha is given for – swastha
(healthy) by all means of
combinations and permutations



Charaka – Typology :: Jeerna Kaala (digested state)
• Charaka expressed that – the digested state is
identified after the food consumption
• Proper hunger, normal evacuation of urine &
Stools, lightness in the body, belching with out
the consummated food flavors are the
symptoms of proper digested state.
• Another point of view to consider - Each and
every disease after a stipulated time, when the
pathogenesis is not reversed – it become
Jeerna Vyadhi and the symptoms expressed
are “Jeerna Linga”
• Even though – a thorough study over delayed
symptoms are not done well – witnessing the
exhibited disease delayed symptoms – the
time-plan is executed



Charaka – Typology :: Rutu kaala (seasonal times)

• Here the Dosha in relation to the
season is considered
• Vasanta Adyam for Kapha
• Sharat Madyam for Pitta
• Varsha Antyam for Vata
• Mainly these time are used for
elimination of Dosha, to act
prophylactic and kindling the Agni
– medicaments are supplemented



Sharngadhara – Typology
• Sharngdhara described 5 Types of Medicinal intake
methods
1. Suryodaya Kaala (Sun rise time)
2. Divasa Bhojana Kaala (Day meal time)
3. Sayam Bhajana Kaala (Evening meal time)
4. Muhurmuhu kaala (Repeated times)
5. Nishi Kaala (Bed time)
• They are much related with Dina Kaala in relation with
Dosha & food intake
• He didn’t considered the Rutu, Patient, Vyadhi linga &
Jeerna kala as Charaka
• But – focused in a way where Vata, Kalpana, Agni and
2 Upakrama (Brimahana / Langhana)



Suryodaya Kaala (Sun rise time)

• At Sun rise usually the stomach is empty
• The time is of Kapha in the morning
• For Pitta-Kapha Dosha udrikta
• For “Lekhana” Upakrama
• For Vamana & VIrechana Panchakarma
• Sharngadhara say – usually for any
ailment the “Morning” is the best to give
medicine – especially Kashaya, Kalka,
Phanta, Swarasa are given in the
Morning



Divasa Bhojana Kaala
(Day meal time)

• 2nd schedule of medicine offered by Sharngadhara is mid-
day meals
• Here he give importance for Agni and Samanavata i.e.
almost all GIT problems are considered
• He sub-classifies the schedule as – Adi (start), Madhya
(middle), Anantara (after) & Poorvapara (before & after)
– Adi (start) = Apanavata to regulate & in Aruchi
– Madhya (middle) = Samanavata to regulate & in Agnimandya
– Anantara (after) = Vyanavata to regulate
– Poorvapara (before & after) = Pranavata to regulate & in Hikka and
Akshepaka



Sayam Bhajana Kaala (Evening meal time)

• 3rd Aushadhakaala of Sharngdhara
describes at Night (Evening) meals
• For Udanavata to subside & in
Swarabhanga, etc. or Kanthagata
vyadhi – Grasa or Grasantara
Aushadha is given
• For Pranavata to subside &
Hrudaya vyadhi – sayam bhojana
anantara aushadha is given


Muhurmuhu kaala (Repeated times)
• 4th Aushadhakala is meant for the
diseases where medicine is required
repeatedly –
• Trishna (thirst – fluid lose), Chardi
(vomiting), Hikka (hiccups), Shwasa
(dyspnoea), Gada (toxic conditions), etc.
are in need of repeated medication
• The medicinal bath (external) and
internal uptake are indicated



Nishi Kaala (Bed time)
• 5th medicinal intake time is night at
bedtime
• Here in Ananna (with out food) or to
consider at least 3-4 hours after light food
consumption –
– For all the ailments of Head i.e. ENT & Eye
– For Lekhana (tissue removal – reduces
dosha) or Brimahana (tissue building)
procedures
– For Ama pachana
– For Dosha / Vyadhi suppression (Shamana)
management



Time line of Sharngadhara
Poorva-Param Paschat
[Pranavata] [Vyanavata] Paschat
Poorvaam Madhyam {Pranavata]
Kabalantara
[Apanavata] [Samanavata]
[Udanavata}

Suryodaye Divasa-Bhojana Sayam-Bhojana
[Pitta-Kapha] [Agni Chikitsa]

Brahmi
Muhurta 7PM
4 AM 6 AM 7AM 12 NOON 2PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM

Nishi
Muhurmuhu [Lekhana
Snana/Bheshaja Brimhana
Jatrurdhwa]


Sevana kala Sangraha Hridaya Charaka Susruta Sharnghadhar
Abhaktha + + + + Suryodaya
Praghbaktha + + D N + DB PP1
Madhyabhaktha + + + + +
Adhobhakta + + D N + DB PP2 SB
Sabhaktha + + + +
Antarbhaktha + ‐ ‐ +
Samudhga + + + +
Muhurmuhu + + + + +
Sagrasa + + + +
Grasantara + + + + SB
Nishi + + ‐ ‐ +
11 10 10 10 10

DB = Divasa Bhojana, SB= Sayam Bhojana, PP = Poorvapara, D= Day, N= Night,



1) Abhakta अभक्त
ं्
• तऽाअभक्त नाम ् कवलं औषध्म ् I Ast.san.su.23/13
ं े
• Abhakta – Nirbhakta – Pratah – Suryodaye
– Ananna are equal meaning
• The medicine on empty stomach or without
food at early morning is called Abhakta
consists mere medicine (no additives)
• It impose strength to medicine to act faster
& sooner
• Avoid Children, aged, Ladies and weak
constitutions to protect the body strength



2) Pragbhakta ूग्भक्तम ्
• ूाग्भक्त नाम ् यदनन्तरभक्त I Ast.san.su.23/14
ं ं
• Pragbhakta – Annadau – Divasa bhojana
poorvam – sayam bhojana poorvam relay same
meaning as before to start food course
• The medicine given at this time digest fast and
imparts strength to the body –
• It is specifically used for week bodied children,
Aged, Ladies, chronic patients, etc.
• As immediately food is consumed – no
untoward actions such as watering, burning or
bitter tongue



3) Madhyabhakta मध्यभक्त
• मध्यभक्त मध्ये भक्तःयI Ast.san.su.23/15
ं
• Madhyabhakta – Annamadhyam –
Bhojana madhyam – are similar to relay
meaning of in the middle of the food
course
• It subsides the – middle part of the body
disease (rather to understand as – kosta
gata vyadhi or abdominal diseases)



4) Adhobhakta अधोभक्तम ्
• अधोभक्तम ् भक्ताद्नतरम ् I
Ast.san.su.23/16
• Adhobhaktam – Bhaktanantaram –
Annante – are after the completion
of food
• The medicine given after food
subsides the diseases of upper
body i.e. Head and upper trunk
(chest)



5) Sabhakta सभक्त
ं
• सभक्त यधन्नेन सम ् सिधतं पश्चाद्वा
ं
समालोिडतम ् I Ast.san.su.23/17
• Sabhakta / Sannaushadha / bhakta
samyuktam is medicine along with
food given for all (women & men)
• Especially people who doesn’t like
the medicine to have is added with
food while cooking and served



6) Samudga समुद्गं
• समुद्गं यदादावन्ते I Ast.san.su.23/19
• Samudgam- bhojana poorvapara
aushadham – where medicine is
given before and after the food
course
• It pacifies the diseases of upper
and lower body



7) Muhurmuhu मुहुमहु:
ुर्
• मुहुमुहुःतु पुन: पुन: भुक्त वा I
र् ् ् े
Ast.san.su.23/20
• Muhurmuhu means – medicine is
given many times according to the
need in smaller quantity
• Commonly such medicine is
advocated in Swasa (dyspnoea),
Hiccups and Vomiting, etc



8) Grasa समसा
• समास यद्मसःम्ूुक्तम ् I
Ast.san.su.23/21
• Sagrasa – Kabala – Grasa are
equal meaning of along with each
bolus
• The medicine given at this time gets
vipaka faster to act on disease
• This time of medication is best for
children and aged



9) Grasantara मसान्तरा
• मासन्तर ् यद्मससयोमािसयोमध्ये I
Ast.san.su.23/21
• Grasantara – Kabalantara is the
distribution of medicine in between
two bolus
• In this either medicine like Avaleha
or vamaka dhooma (emetic
fumigations) are induced in shwasa
(dyspnoea)



10) Nishi िनिश
• जऽुध्वर्मयेषु तु िनशयाम ् I Ast.san.su.23/21
• Nishi is night before to bed
• The medication given at this time heals
the above clavicle disease – viz. ENT,
Eye, etc and increases the vigour
• Mild laxatives or carminatives can be
given at this time
• Sharngdhara adds Brimhana, Lekhana,
Pachan, and Shamana medicines can
be given before going to bed



11) Antarabhakta
• अन्तराभक्त नाम -
ं
यदन्तरा पीयते पूवार्परयोभर्क्तयोः | Su
Ut.64/83
• Antarabhakata told by Susruta as
medicine to distribute in between two
meals i.e. approximately at 3-4 PM
• It imports the psychological strength and
good for cardiac diseases. It increases
the gastric function also.



Sleep & Fasting
• Neither the Small quantity of medicine
or huge is not capable of neutralizing the
pathology -
• AÉkÉïUÉåaÉWûUÏ ÌlÉSìÉ xÉuÉïUÉåaÉWûUÏ ¤ÉÑjÉÉ ||
• Sleep removes half of the disease and the
fasting can even the entire
• sÉÇZÉhÉqÉç mÉUqÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç ||
• In other words – as the fasting is the best
medicine
• Apart form all above . . . .



Conclusion
• Ayurveda scientist have told after a long
research with commitment to heal the
ailment –
• Many medicinal administration methods
along with a specified directional action
of medicine at a specified time intake
• Keeping circadian rhythms and equals of
serotonin & melatonin axis in mind the
medicinal intake methods are planned . . .
• . . . is a great contribution to the Mankind


Aushadha Sevana

technoayurveda@gmail.com
THANK YOU
It’s
Technoayurveda International
Presentation
By Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad
Of . . . http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com


Aushadha sevana

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