1. By Jatin Goyal
Computer memory

2. 3. What are Upgrade limitation of system?
1.What is Computer memory and Why Do
We Need It?
2. What are the Type of Computer memory
and how they compared?
4. What they mean by multiple channel memory?
5. How to identify memory of pc?
RAM Slot
flash ROM and CMOS RAM

3. Read-Only Memory Read-Write Memory
• non-volatile • volatile
 Volatile Memory losses contents when power is
removed
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
EAROM
Flash CAMDAM SAM

4. DAM SAM CAM
SRAM DRAM
SIMM DIMM DDR DDR2 DDR3
RAM
PRAM

5. DAM (Direct Access Memory)
- direct access to all memory cells
- RAM
SAM (Sequential Access Memory)
- data reading in sequence
- HDD, optical discs
CAM (Content Addressable Memory)
- associative memory
- returns value according to supplied
word

6.  The computer can access information held
anywhere in RAM by addressing that part of the
RAM directly.
 e.g if information stored in the 1000th location in
memory the system does not have to read the
information in the preceding 999 locations to get
there, instead it can access the 1000th location
simply by specifying it.
 RAM (Random Access Memory)
 Holds data and instructions used by CPU
 any piece of data can be returned in a
constant time

7. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
- volatile
-does not need to be periodically refreshed
- more complex internal structure, more expensive,
less capacity than DRAM
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
-volatile
-to keep information must be periodically refreshed
- structural simplicity, high capacity
PRAM( phase change memory )
-non-volatiles

8. SIMMs
 Single Inline Memory Module
 Pins on opposite sides form a single set of
contacts
1987

9. EDO DRAM
 EDO = Extended Data Out
 Resides on SIMMs
 Sends and receives data
simultaneously
 Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is
approximately 264 megabytes per
second.
1990

10. DIMM(dual in-line memory module)
Small Outline DIMM(SO-DIMM)
DIMM mean module has Ics
or chips and connection
b/w both side in single line.
DIMMs
1993

11.  Buffered memory put less strain on the electrical load
in Memory controller allowing a stable System that has
several memory module.
 ECC code
 ability to detect and correct the error during data
transmission.
ECC/
Registered
DIMM
Non-ECC/
Non-Registered
DIMM

12. SDRAM
SDRAM PC66 transfer 533MB/s at 66Mhz
SDRAM PC100 Desktop Memory transfer 800MB/s at 100Mhz
SDRAM PC100 Server Memory (ECC) transfer 800MB/s at 100Mhz
SDRAM PC133 Desktop Memory transfer 1,066MB/s at 133 Mhz
SDRAM PC133 Server Memory (ECC) transfer 1,066MB/s at 133 Mhz
1999

13. Double data rate SDRAM
2002

14. DDR 2 2006

15. DDR 3
within the module and has the added advantage of a 30% reduction
in power consumption dropping the voltage from 1.8V to 1.5V
2010

16. DDR 4(future) 2015

19. Figure -Timeline of memory technologies based on Standard Organization
• Goal of new technology
o Increase overall throughput while retaining accuracy
o RAM manufacturers continue to produce older RAM

20.  Cl or CAS rating
 Over Clocking
 Nomenclature(Identification of module)
 Ranking
 Comparison of DDR module notch

25. SGRAM
Synchronous Graphics RAM
 SGRAM is a variant of SDRAM
 SGRAM makes use of block-writes to
increase video processing speeds.
 SGRAM is single-ported so the CPU
cannot write to it at the same time the
image is being refreshed.
 SGRAM is used in high-end graphics
cards

26.  Open the case and look at memory slots
 How many slots?
 How many filled?
 Review module imprint
 Examine module for physical size and notch
position
 Read motherboard documentation
 See if board supports dual channels or triple
channels
 Last resort
 Take motherboard and old memory modules to
a good computer parts store for conformation

28. Virtual Memory
 Virtual memory takes the place of RAM
memory
 You should have a 2:1 ratio of RAM to
Virtual Memory

29. Modifying Virtual Memory in
Windows 8

30. Major Manufacturers
• Corsair Memory
• Crucial
Technology
• EDGE Tech Corp
• GEIL
• G.Skill
• Hynix
• Infineon
Technologies
• Kingston
Technologies
• Micron
Technology
• PNY
• OCZ Technology
• Rambus
• Samsung
• SimpleTech