This document discusses the history and centralization of the internet from its beginnings in 1971 through 2008 when the global backbone became centralized. It notes the top 10 cloud providers and events like the Snowden NSA revelations and ICE domain name seizures that increased concerns about centralization. The document concludes by discussing centralized, semi-distributed, and cascading downstream effects of internet architectures.

1. The Centrality
Menace
Andres Guadamuz

2. The Internet

3. In the beginning...

4. 1971

5. 1980

6. 1993

7. Global backbone 1994

8. Global backbone 2008

9. Hosting

10. Registers

11. Top 10 Cloud providers
• Amazon Web Services
• Rackspace
• CenturyLink/Savvis
• Salesforce.com
• Verizon/Terremark
• Joyent
• Citrix
• Bluelock
• Microsoft
• VMware

12. Snowden and NSA
revelations

13. ICE domain name seizures

15. Centralised architectures

16. Semi-distributed
architectures

17. Cascading effects
downstream

18. Concluding

19. A.Guadamuz@sussex.ac.uk
@technollama at Twitter