The document discusses the history of apartheid in South Africa. It describes how the Dutch first settled in South Africa and were later joined by British settlers who fought with the native Afrikaners and Zulu tribes for control of the land. In the 20th century, the white government instituted apartheid, a system that legally enforced racial segregation and discrimination. Apartheid restricted the rights of non-white populations and designated different areas and facilities for different races. After many years of resistance, apartheid was officially dismantled in 1994 with South Africa's first multiracial democratic election that brought Nelson Mandela to power as president. However, the new South Africa still faces ongoing challenges related to economic inequality and other social issues.