Slides of a talk at the seminar "Teaching Library : international trends in information literacy" led by Prof. Christine Gläser in the Master study program "Information, Media, Library" of the Faculty of Design, Media and Information at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences.

1. Information habits in
continuously changing
information environments
Digging up the core of
information literacy!
Thomas Hapke
University Library
Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH)
TUHH
Technische UniversityHamburg-Harburg
Hamburg Universität of Technology
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
TUHH University Library
Thomas Hapke - November 2013

2. Put the three spheres of
information literacy in order
of importance!
1) Find / access/ locate
2) Evaluate / discern / judge
3) Use / communicate / produce
?
123
231
312
132
213
321
Idea: Geoff Walton, Mailing list lis-infoliteracy@jiscmail.ac.uk, April 20, 2012, see also his
LILAC 2012 presentation at http://www.slideshare.net/infolit_group/walton-12685154
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

3. Developments in modern
information environments!
Social Web
Discovery Systems
Global players
Mobiles Devices
(Wenger, E; White, N. & Smith, J.D.: Digital
habitats : stewarding technology for
communities. Portland, OR : Cpsquare, 2009)
…
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

4. Social Web
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

5. Information systems change: In
the past user and system were
divided!
Search result
Information
system
Information
specialist
Object
Search query
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
User
Subject

6. Users are co-producers
of information
systems
(Web 2.0)
User 2
User 3
„learns
from
users“
Information
system (e.g.
Wiki, Blog,…)
User 1
e.g.
„Tagging“
changes
through users
permanently
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
„learns“
together with
and from other
users through
the system

7. Changing …
•
•
•
•
the
the
the
the
role of professionals and experts
role of learning
ways information literacy is learned
contents from information literacy education
Preece, J. and B. Shneiderman
(2009) “The Reader-to-Leader
Framework: Motivating
Technology-Mediated Social
Participation,”
AIS Transactions on HumanComputer Interaction, (1) 1,
pp. 13-32, hier S. 16
http://aisel.aisnet.org/thci/vol
1/iss1/5/
Information literacy is no product, good or
commodity submitted from the expert to the
layperson!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

8. On the future of competences!?
„In diesen Tagen darf sich niemand auf das
versteifen, was er ‚kann‘. In der Improvisation liegt
die Stärke. Alle entscheidenden Schläge werden mit
der linken Hand geführt werden.“
„These are the days when no one should rely on his
‚competence‘. Strength lies in inspiration. All the
decisive blows are struck left-handed.“
Walter Benjamin, Einbahnstraße, 1928.
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

9. Consequences for libraries!?
The library is a room for
making experiences and
learning, not a ware-house!
Grainger Engineering Library,
Urbana-Champaign, University of
Illinois
Graphics: D. Bieler
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

10. Discovery Systems
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

11. „Wir sind doch nicht blöd“
(We are not stupid, however)
Searching for a book by Clemens Knobloch
in library catalogs!
From http://log.netbib.de/archives/2010/08/25/wir-sind-doch-nicht-blod/
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

12. „Wir sind doch nicht blöd“
(We are not stupid, however)
Searching for a book by Clemens Knobloch
in library catalogs!
From http://log.netbib.de/archives/2010/08/25/wir-sind-doch-nicht-blod/
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

13. TUBfind
The library catalog as search engine
Project with open source discovery software VuFind:
Blog: http://www.tub.tu-harburg.de/tubfind-blog/
TechnischeSoftware: http://vufind.org/
Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

14. TUBfind search
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

15. TUBfind search
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

16. Catalog interfaces
TUBfind
Classical catalog interface
• Search engine for TUHH
library holdings
• Only TUHH library holdings
• Including articles from
journals and national licences
• Including TUB web pages and
TUB blog posts
• Searching for all resources of
GBV Common Library Network
possible
• Search philosophy:
Best match, relevance ranking
• No journal articles
• Searching for resources of
GBV Common Library Network
in other database interface
• Search philosophy:
Exact match, Boolean
combination of search
terms
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

17. Bücher finden!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

18. Information literacy and
discovery systems
•
Does the existence and use of discovery systems change
information literacy?
• Is the need for information literacy a function of the user
interface?
• How do indexing, data structure and links, cataloguing
rules behind the user interface prevent optimal results
when searching for information?
• Which components of information literacy are actually not
necessary to get the best search result?
(See also the discussion at http://plan3t.info/2012/04/05/verbesserndiscovery-systeme-die-informationskompetenz/)
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

19. The searchability of information
depends on choices made by authors,
publishers, database providers, users
and others
(Adapted from Falciola, 2009)
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

20. The social construction
of search results
Specific user and
users
• information behaviour
e.g. used search terms
Contents or documents in
the system
• information literacy
• indexed content: bibliogr.
description, abstracts, full text
• former searches of
specific user and of
other users
Results in a
specific
search system
System‘s „properties“
• „enriched“ data
• controlled vocabulary included
• user interface
• indexing (Boole, best match)
Other impacts
• structure of data
• advertising economics of
provider
• transfer of data to search system
• used cataloguing guidelines and its
institutional or personal interpretation
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
• ...!?

21. Global players
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

22. How full text have been found from TUHH
Access to full texts 2012 at TUHH as a function of the information source
(„Clickthroughs“ of the linkresolver SFX used by TUB HH)
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

23. A critical view on
discovery systems:
“Thinking the unthinkable: a library without a catalogue” Simone Kortekaas, Utrecht University Library,
Netherlands, 2012 [1]
„Giving up on discovery“ – Dale Askey, McMaster
University Library, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 2013 [2]
How to improve delivery of materials purchased
and licensed by the library?
[1] http://www.libereurope.eu/blog/thinking-the-unthinkable-a-library-without-acatalogue-reconsidering-the-future-of-discovery-to
[2] http://taiga-forum.org/giving-up-on-discovery/
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

24. „On the shoulder of“ Google Scholar
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
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Ca. 1410
Quelle: http://lccn.loc.gov/50041709

25. Finding full texts
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com

26. Finding full texts
Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

27. Using hidden services!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

28. Via linking service to the catalog!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
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29. Via linking service to the catalog!
Classical interface of the catalog!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

30. A further example
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
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31. Via GBV database!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
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32. Full text via interlibrary loan
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

33. Full text via interlibrary loan!
Ordering!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

34. Full text via interlibrary loan!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

35. Full text via interlibrary loan!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

36. Finding full texts at a publisher
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

37. Function of Link Resolvers
Catalog data,
maintenance through
library
Source of full text
URL of source,
e.g. DOI
(in OpenURL)
Cited source
Meta data
(in OpenURL)
Knowledge base
with local
holdings data
Meta data
(in OpenURL)
Search in catalog,
interlibrary loan database
Link Resolver
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

38. Thinking about
information literacy!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

39. Critical view on information literacy
Classical view
Critical view
Emphasis on
competences, standards for
information use
understanding process or
system of information
Concept of education,
Bildung
transfer of knowledge from
the knower to the learner
creating ability for reflection
and critical awareness
Concept of knowledge
independent of knower
result of a social process
Concept of inf. process
linear
not linear, complex
Emphasis on information
literacy
how to find
how to produce and share
View of the user
customer, needy person
patron, co-producer
View of the library
storehouse
room for experiences
View of the librarian
teacher
consultant for learning
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

40. Being modest: Information literacy is one of
many key competencies and literacies!
Media literacy
Intercultural
competencies
Visual literacy
Decision-making and responsibility
Academic
literacy
Writing
competencies
Computer
literacy
E-literacy
Didactical competencies
(Martin, A.; Madigan, D.: Digital literacies for learning. London : Facet Publ., 2006.
Knobel, M; Lankshear, C.: A new literacies sampler. New York Lang, 2007.
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
Selber, S. A.: Multiliteracies for a digital age. Carbondale : Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 2004)
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
Soft
skills

41. critical view
new literacy
transliteracy
Information literacy is a … !?
multimodal literacy
second-order literacy
meta competence
multi-literacy
(Lloyd, A.: Information literacy landscapes : information literacy in
education, workplace and everyday contexts. Oxford: Chandos, 2010)
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

42. Different views on information literacy
Acquistion of
‚information age‘
skills
ACRL, Big6 Skills, …
Cultivation of habits
of mind
Kuhlthau, Dervin, …
Engagement in
information-rich
social practices
„Multiliteracies“, Lloyd, …
Information literacy
(According Addison, C. & Meyers, E.: Perspectives on information literacy: a
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
framework for conceptual understanding. Information research 18 (2013) 3)
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

43. Different views on information literacy
Discuss the three views on information literacy in
relation to the following aspects:
Key statements
Advantages
Challenges
Role of information professional
(According Addison, C. & Meyers, E.: Perspectives on information literacy: a
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
framework for conceptual understanding. Information research 18 (2013) 3)
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

44. A further proposal:
A cultural view on information literacy!
Thinking about the other,
the difference!
La culture de l'information
Culture informationnelle
(Olivier Le Deuff)
In French „culture“ also means education or „Bildung“!
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

45. Information culture implies ...
• to create and develop oneself
• diversity (in contrast to Google‘s monoculture)
• being different and viewing oneself different
• importance of context and relations, e.g. with a
disciplinary culture
• a more phenomenological or ethnological view on
information behaviour and information literacy
• a not library-related view on information literacy
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

46. Key aspects of
information culture include …
Textuality Authenticity
Knowledge Power
Identity Memory
(According Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
Tredinnick, L.: Digital information culture, 2008)
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

47. Distinctions
Object
Subject
INFORMATION
Material
Form
Variability
Stability
Absence
Presence
Knowledge
Data
Interpretation,
Transformation
Representation
Technology
COMMUNICATION
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
Culture

48. Prerequisites to develop
information literacy!?
•
•
•
•
•
Curiosity
Skill to play and to explore
Having the time for it
Critical attitude
...?
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

49. What is the core of
information literacy?
What is the real, the characteristic,
the „Eigentliche“ of information literacy?
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

50. Proposals for the core of
information literacy/culture
• Don‘t trust only one information source.
• Be prepared for constant change.
• Know your skills and limits!
• When searching: „Bullshit in, bullshit out“.
• Tolerate ambiguity and differences.
• Don‘t give up too early.
• Be aware that every fact is the result of an
act, that information has been created by
somebody with a certain purpose.
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

51. Information literacy in
academic education
Part of academic research
methods and writing!
Made with http://www.wordle.net
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

52. IL challenges and concerns for
engineering students and scholars
•
•
•
•
•
Availability of full texts
Uncertainty to miss important information
Coping with information overload
Uncertainty about the quality what found
…
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
Matej Krén, Idiom, Town Library Prague (1998), Photo 2009
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

53. How to reduce uncertainty to miss
important information?
Using different databases.
Using subject-specific databases.
Reflecting on appropriate search terms.
Knowing how to logically combine of search
terms within a specific database interface.
• Keeping overview through effective reference
management.
• …
•
•
•
•
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

54. Recipes and/or reflection!?
An important recipe:
Recipes don‘t work in any
context!
(Antranikian, G.: Science meets cooking –
Wenn Wissenschaftler kochen. Hamburg :
TuTech Innovation, 2006)
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

55. Reflecting on science and scholarship
?
?
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

56. The core of
information literacy/culture in
academic education
Critical and reflected handling of
data,
information and communication processes
as well as epistemological processes
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

57. The core of
information literacy/culture in
academic education
How to name this?
One proposal by Wayne Bivens-Tatum,
Princeton University Library:
“scholarly habitude”
From: http://blogs.princeton.edu/librarian/2013/10/some-context-for-thelatest-p2p-review-column/
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

58. An example for information literacy
content written for a special
„disciplinary culture“
Hapke, T.:
Appendix I. The world of biotechnology
information: seven points for reflecting on your
information behavior.
In: Buchholz, K., Kasche, V., Bornscheuer, U.T.:
Biocatalysts and Enzyme Technology. 2. ed.
Wiley-VCH, October 2012.
Preprint available at: http://www.chemie.unigreifswald.de/~biotech/assets/downloads/Info
rmation_BuchholzKascheBornscheuer.pdf
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

59. Information literacy/culture
and creativity
How can information systems increase
individual creativity?
E.g. through enabling and enhancing
combinatorics and remixing!
(For a view from history see: Hapke, T.: Wilhelm Ostwald’s Combinatorics as a Link
between In-formation and Form. Library Trends 61 (2012) 2, 286-303. Also online at
http://doku.b.tu-harburg.de/volltexte/2013/1192/ )
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

60. Further reading
Addison, C. & Meyers, E.: Perspectives on information literacy: a framework for
conceptual understanding. Information research 18 (2013) 3
Hapke, T.: Informationskompetenz in einer neuen Informationskultur. In:
Handbuch Informationskompetenz, pp. 36-48. Ed. W. Sühl-Strohmenger. Berlin:
de Gruyter Saur, 2012.
Preprint at http://doku.b.tu-harburg.de/volltexte/2013/1204/
Falciola, L, Searching biotechnology information: A case study. World patent
information 2009, 31, 1, 36-47
Le Deuff, O.: Culture de l’Information. Espace d’Olivier Le Deuff.
http://www.culturedel.info/
Lloyd, A.: Information literacy landscapes : information literacy in education,
workplace and everyday contexts. Oxford: Chandos, 2010.
Tredinnick, L.: Digital information culture : the individual and society in the digital
age. Oxford: Chandos Publ., 2008. Hamburg-Harburg
Technische Universität
www.tub.tu-harburg.de

61. Contact
Thomas Hapke
Web: http://www.tuhh.de/b/hapke/
Blog: http://blog.hapke.de
Slidespace: http://www.slideshare.net/thapke
Tweets: http://twitter.com/thapke
„ Informing – Points to survive“ at
http://www.tub.tu-harburg.de/en/subject-information/informing-points-tosurvive/
TUHH
TechnischeUniversityHamburg-Harburg
Hamburg Universität of Technology
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
www.tub.tu-harburg.de
TUHH University Library
Thomas Hapke – November 2013