Culture theory review of theories
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Culture theory review of theories
- 1. Chapter 4 The Idea of Culture A Preview/Review of Theories in Anthropology
- 9. Anthropological Understandings of Culture 19 th century evolutionism A universal human culture is shared by all societies. Turn of the century sociology Groups share sets of symbols and practices that bind them into societies. American historical particularism Cultures are the result of the specific histories of the people who share them. Functionalism Social practices support society's structure or fill the needs of individuals.
- 10. Anthropological Understandings of Culture Sociobiology Culture is the visible expression of underlying genetic coding. Cultural ecology and neo-evolutionism Culture is the way humans adapt to the environment and make their lives secure. Ecological materialism Physical and economic causes give rise to cultures and explain changes in them. Ethnoscience and cognitive anthropology Culture is a mental template that determines how members of a society understand their world.
- 11. Anthropological Understandings of Culture Anthropology and gender Roles of women and ways societies understand sexuality are central to understanding culture. Symbolic and interpretive anthropology Culture is the way members of a society understand themselves and what gives their lives meaning. Postmodernism Cultural understanding reflects the observer’s biases and can never be completely or accurately described.
- 46. Quick Quiz
- 55. p.104
Notes de l'éditeur
- Molly Kaiser Queer Customs, by Clyde Kluckhohn Kluckhohns article on “Queer Customs” served as a great definition of culture using different definitions and examples to explain his views on what culture is. Culture, according to Kluckhohn, is a “design for living”. Culture is the part of the human environment that man has created. All humans are the same biologically, but depending on culture and how we are raised, we are all very different. Kluckhohn uses the example of the American boy who was raised in China. Although he had blue eyes and light colored hair, he carried himself as a person of Chinese descent. Though his biological heritage was American, he had been trained culturally as a Chinese person. He eventually returned to China after spending time in America. Each culture dissects nature and has their own reasons why and ways of dealing with nature. As an animal, human beings are interesting because they try to understand themselves and their behaviors. Although we all have different cultures, it does not mean that there is no such thing as raw human nature. Many societies and cultures have similar ideas, beliefs, and practices.
- urbnshkr@csufresno.edu by If I understood today's class discussion correctly, we decided to comment on the Ferraro article this time instead of taking a quiz Wed. So, here are my comments: Kluckhohn correctly pointed out that human beings are unique in that we try to understand our own behavior. This is probably a core concept that people would argue makes us more intelligent, civilized, and above lesser mammalian species. He uses the examples of "queer customs" as it applies to his own culture that he grew up in. What is "queer" to one culture may be normal to another. This applies to everything from sexual practices, food consumption, religious beliefs, etc. I especially liked the example of the white teacher who couldn't understand why her Navajo pupils were so upset about a dance. It was her misunderstanding of a long-standing Navajo cultural precept that led to the misunderstanding, and just verifies the preceding statement.