Open and Online Education - Scenario's for Higher Education

Transform to the power of digital
Open Online Education
Scenarios for Higher Education
Timo Kos
@timokos
/timokos
timo.kos@capgemini.com
Capgemini Consulting
Marketleader Education
slideshare.net/timokos

Copyright © 2013 Capgemini Consulting. All rights reserved.
Content
1. Focus
2. A brief history
3. Disruptive Innovation?
4. Strategic scenario‟s
2

3
Open Online Education: three related and interacting developments

Open Online Education: two perspectives
4
Values:
Teaching
Personal interaction
The quality of education
Focus:
Campus population
Focus:
World population
Values:
Learning
Access to top teachers
The price of education
Didactic Economic

Content
1. Focus
2. A brief history
5

Online (Distance) Learning: growing marketshare
6
‘Going the distance. Online Education in the United States, 2011’ (Infographic by Pearson Learning Solutions)

7
Online (Distance) Learning: popular programs & courses
Table from ‘Study of UK online learning final report’, University of Oxford, 2010

Online (Distance) Learning: student perspective
8
‘Online College Students 2012’, The Learning House and Aslanian Market Research

9
President Charles Vest
MIT, 2001
“All courses for free,
On line”
Open Educational Resources: how it started

OpenCourseWare (OCW)
“a free and open educational resource for
faculty, students, and self-learners
throughout the world.”
Open Content
Open
Educational
Resources
OCW
Open Educational Resources: Definitions
Open Educational Resources (OER)
„materials offered freely and openly to use and
adapt for teaching, learning, development and
research‟
Open Content
'freely available for modification, use and
redistribution‟

Open Course Ware Consortium: 274 members (dec 2012)

Open Educational Resources: growth of the number of open courses
12

MOOC = Massive Open Online Courses (I)
A. Early pioneers (2007/2008) of connectivism & social learning (now cMOOC)
13
David Wiley (Brigham Young University)
George Siemens (Athabasca University)
Stephen Downes (National Research Councel
Canada)
Proponents of connectivism use the web to explore the possibilities
of open & social (‘networked’) learning

MOOC = Massive Open Online Courses (II)
B. Pioneers (2011-2012) of free massive open online classes (now xMOOCs)
14
Salman Khan
Prof. Peter Norvig & Prof. Sebastian Thrun
(Stanford)
Prof Andrew Nge & Prof. Daphne Koller
(Stanford)
Prof. Anant Agarwal
(MIT)
These proponents use the web to provide traditionally structured online courses for free and
aim to ‘disrupt higher education and open it up to the masses’.

xMOOC platforms: Technology start-ups building new digital distribution channels
for ‘open’ online education...
15
Founded: April 2012
Founder: Koller & Nge
(Stanford professors)
Company: For profit
Funding: $22 million
(Venture Capitalist)
# Universities: 62
# Courses: 337
# Topics: All academic fields
# Students: 3,3 million
Certification: Yes (most)
Proctored examination: Yes,
(5 accredited courses + partnership
with ProctorU)
Open Source: No (licenced)
Founded: May 2012
Founders: MIT & Harvard
Company: Not- for-profit
(Harvard / MIT: 30 each)
# Universities: 12
# Courses: 20
# topics: ICT, Engineering, Health
#students: 700.000
Certification: Yes
Proctoree examination: Yes
(450 CBT locations in 110 countries
via partnership with Pearson VUE)
Open Source: Partly (licenced)
Founded: January 2012
Founder: Sebastian Thrun
(ex Stanford professor)
Company: For profit
(Venture Capital)
# Universities: none
# Courses: 22
# Topics: ICT & STEM
# Students: 800.000
Certification: Yes
Proctored examination: Yes
(4000 CBT locations in 170 countries
via partnership with Pearson VUE)

05101520
#1 - Harvard University
#3 - MIT
#4 - University of California- Berkley
#27 - University of Toronto
#35 - The University of Texas at Austin
#63 - McGill University
#64 - Australian National University
#91 - Rice University
#101-150 - École Polyt. Lausanne
#201-300 - Delft University of Tech.
#301-400 - Georgetown University
-# - Wellesley College
Number of courses announced or offered
Certificate after completion
Official on-campus course
Non-official course
Textbook digital available
0 5 10 15 20
Stanford University - #2
California Institute of Technology - #6
Princeton University - #7
Columbia University - #8
University of Pennsylvania - #14
University of California, San Diego - #15
University of Washington - #16
Johns Hopkins University - #17
University of California, San Francisco - #18
University of Wisconsin–Madison - #19
The University of Tokyo - #20
University of Michigan - #22
University of Illinois at Urbana-Ch. - #25
University of Toronto - #27
University of Minnesota - #29
Northwestern University - #30
University of Colorado Boulder - #33
Duke University - #36
University of Maryland, College Park - #38
The University of British Columbia -#39
The University of North Carolina - #41
University of Copenhagen - #44
University of California, Irvine -#45
Pennsylvania State University - #49
Vanderbilt University - #50
NO certificate after compl.
March 2013
Accredited course
.. partnering with top universtities of the Shanghai Ranking (ARWU)
(25 from the top 50, including 7 from the top 10)

…experimenting with online didactics from other successfull
open education start-ups…
17
Founded: 2006
Founder: Salman Khan
Company: non-profit
Funding: $ 10 million
(Philantropists)
# Courses: 3000+ weblectures
(200 million + views)
# Topics: Math,
Science,
History
Art, etc..
# Students: ca. 8 million
Certification: NO
Proctoreed examination: NO
Revenue Model: Non-profit
Open Source: Yes
Founded: 2009
Founder: Phillip Schmidt
Company: non-profit
Funding: unknown (Philantropists)
# Courses: 6 schools on open
learning
# Topics: Open Data,
Education
Webcraft
Social Innovation
Mathematical Future
# Students: 30.000
Certification: NO
Revenue Model: Non-profit
Open Source: Yes
Founded: 2011
Founders: Zach Sims and Ryan
Bubinski
Company: for-profit
Funding: $ 12,5 million (Venture
Capital)
# Courses: 5
# Topics: Javascript
HTML & CSS
Python,
Ruby
JQuery
# Students: 550.000
Certification: NO
Revenue Model: Referral fee’s

… AND introducing new (non-formal) types of HE certificates issued for
automatically and/or peer-graded exams.
18

Monetization strategies for MOOCs
 license model: a share of gross revenue between platform provider and universities offering courses hosted on the
platform for tuition paid degee programs or fees for additional services to students (e.g. coaching)
 Administrative fees: for certification on proctored exam locations
 Recruitment fees: from corporations for recruiting talented students
 Premium/Fremium model: free and upgraded paid versions of the MOOCs and services, resembling the ‘freemium’
and ‘premium’ payment models of other internet services
 Advertisement: monetizing on the scale and social characteristics of users of the platform.
19

Content
1. Focus
2. A brief history
20

What will be the impact of Open Online Education on global & local Higher Education?
21
Is it a HYPE or a DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION?

xMOOC platforms viewed from Gartners technology hypecycle perspective …
22
(Smart) Browsers
Social Media
You Tube
Web Cams
MOOCs do not fit the characteristics of a technology hype
(although the media attention they receive do fit the characteristics of a media hype)

The theory of
ʺdisruptive innovationʺ
Online Education viewed from Christensens’s disruptive innovation perspective...
„A process by which a product or service
takes root initially in simple applications
at the bottom of a market and then
relentlessly moves „up market‟, eventually
displacing established competitors”
‒ Professor Clayton M. Christensen,
Harvard Business School
Author of Disrupting Class (2008) and The
Innovative University (2011)
Low ranked
(under) graduate
degree programs
High ranked (under)
graduate degree
programs
Top ranked (under) graduate
degree programs

… and predicting exponential growth in the coming decade.
Source: ‘Disrupting College’ (C. Christensen e.a., feb 2011)
24

The value propositons of OCW, MOOCs and Online Education compared:
25
Traditional education
(on-campus, f2f)
OpenCourseWare xMOOCs Online (Distance)
Learning
Accessibility Selective/inclusive: (high) tuition,
admission requirements
Free and open access for everyone Free and open access for everyone Selective/inclusive: (high) tuition,
admission requirements
Instruction / classes Offline
(inflexible schedule)
Online courses, web-lectures &
digital learning materials
Online classes &
digital learning materials
Online courses
(flexible schedule),
Interaction between
students
Yes, mainly f2f & off-line No, self learners Yes,peer-to-peer via online
learning platforms and social
media and ‘MOOC-meetups’
Yes, online learning platforms,
virtual classrooms, and social
media
Quality Control Yes, Accreditation Yes: for content
No for process
No, only by reputation
(professor / ranking)
Yes, Accreditation
Interaction between
studens & faculty
Yes, (mainly ) off-line & on-campus No Yes, online learning platforms and
social media
Yes, online learning platforms and
social media
Exercises Yes, both individual and in groups Yes, as static teaching materials
(no student feedback)
Yes, online excercises (quizes) with
automated answers & feedback
Yes, revised by teacher/faculty
staff
Exams Yes, on campus & graded by faculty
staff
Yes, as static teaching materials
(no grading)
Yes, online & computer graded or
by peer-grading
Yes, online and graded by faculty
staff
Identity verification Yes, on campus No Yes: proctored exams in computer
based testing centres
Yes, through online or on campus
identification process
Deadlines Yes, fixed terms (semesters,
trimesters)
No Yes, dedicated course periods
during the year as well as deadlines
for homework & exams
Yes, several starting dates during
the year as well as deadlines for
homework & exams during coures
Certificate Yes, Accredited No Yes, ACE accredited certificate
(only 5). Rest non-formal certificate
of accomplishment
Yes, Accredited
Degree Yes, Accredited No No (not yet) Yes, Accredited

The future? Early adoptors are positioning themselves for a new and truly global market
for massive (low price) formal certificate & degree awarding online education
26
Traditional universities
Time
Marketsegments
cMOOCFor Profit Universities
Self Learner Population
(badges)
Certificate seeking
(non-formal)
Degree &
Certificate
seeking
(formal)
F2F
Campus
(formal)

So are MOOCs a disruptive innovation for the online (distance) learning market? YES
27
1. MOOCs are distributed through new digital channels with a potential of attracting millions of visitors,
creating valuable digital channels with the potential of new (low price) revenu models that are common in
the internet economy (scale now, monetize later).
2. MOOCs serve a global mass market with a new value proposition that till recently was not available or
affordable for large groups of students around the world.
3. Some of the MOOC courses provide the same content as on campus courses, and claim to be of the
same academic quality.
4. MOOCs are not equal to a campus education, but a stripped down version targeted at a
studentpopulation who do not need the full value offered at the high end of the market
5. MOOCs are produced using widely accepted internet technology which enable any lecturer with a high
academic reputation to produce a MOOC by themselve and reach a potentially unlimited number of
students at a fraction of the cost per student that are needed for delivering traditional (online) university
lectures.
6. MOOCs offer a supplement to on-campus courses and are already being integrated in credited
(bachelor) degree programs.
7. MOOCs are replacing parts of the regular campus curriculum and thereby start to alter the business
model and operating model of brick-and-mortar universities (leading to speciliazation between
universities).

Content
1. Focus
2. A brief history
28

What will be the possible financial impact on universities?
29
Moody’s Investors Service, Credit Outlook Higher Education Institutions USA, US Public Finance, Sept 2012

Nyenrode Business
University
MIT
TUD
Stanford
Universiteit
Leiden
Higher Education marketsegments – focus versus motive
30
AcademicProfessional
ProfitNot-for-profit
Focusofqualification
Motive
Duisenberg
School of Finance
Phoenix
University
Kaplan
University
NCOI
University of
Liverpool
OU
HS Inholland
Universidad
Europea de Madrid
Avans
INSEAD
Liberty U
NTI
DeVry
University of Southern
California
University of
Notre Dame

Nyenrode Business
University
MIT
TU Delft
Stanford
Universiteit
Leiden
Where do the MOOC Platforms fit in these markets for online higher education?
31
Academic
(selective)
Professional
(inclusive)
For-ProfitNot-for-profit
Motive
Duisenberg
School of Finance
Phoenix
University
Kaplan
University
NCOI
University of
Liverpool
Open
University
HS Inholland
Universidad
Europea de Madrid
Avans
INSEAD
Liberty U
NTI
DeVry
University of
Notre Dame

Nyenrode Business
University
Duisenberg
School of Finance
Universidad
Europea de Madrid
MIT
Delft University of
Technology
Stanford
Erasmus University
Rotterdam
When viewed as a disruptive innovation, an early adoption strategy
for massive online education differs per market-segment
32
Academic
(selective)
Professional
(inclusive)
ProfitNot-for-profit
Motive
Phoenix
University
Kaplan
University
NCOI
Amsterdam University
of Applied Science
Open University
Saxion University of
Applied Science
LEVERAGE
GLOBAL
REPUTATION
ADD. PROF
NETWORK
SERVICES
LOCALLY
APPLIED
SCIENCES
LOW PRICE
FIGHT
MARKET

What will be the impact of Open and Online Education
on traditional on-campus education?
33
“we are only at the beginning of the kind of re-engineering that
could in time transform important parts—but only parts—of how
we teach and how students learn.”
“edX is explicitly meant to extend teaching broadly, for those who
are interested, and to devise techniques to improve on-
campus, class-based learning in all disciplines and formats.”
William G. Bowen,
president emeritus of Princeton
(2013)
Anant Agarwal (MIT),
Director of edX

Learning perspective: effectiveness of instruction
34
Eric Mazur, Harvard professor in Physics
“College is a place where a
professor‟s lecture notes go straight
to the students‟ lecture notes,
without passing through the brains
of either.”
Mark Twain*
*Probable source: Edwin E. Slosson (1927)

Transform to the power of digital
Timo Kos, Principal Consultant
Market Leader Education & Employability NL
Timo Kos
Phone: +31 (0)30 6897540
Mobile: +31 (0)6 47924140
timo.kos@capgemini.com
http://linkedin.com/in/timokos
http://twitter.com/timokos
slideshare.net/timokos

Open and Online Education - Scenario's for Higher Education

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