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Enst lte small cell - Tutorial - 2012
- 1. Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced
Thierry LESTABLE, Massinissa LALAM
01.02.2012
- 2. COPYRIGHTS DISCLAIMER
• Besides Sagemcom SAS, many third party copyrighted material is reused within
this brief tutorial under the 'fair use' approach, for sake of educational purpose
only, and very limited edition.
• As a consequence, the current slide set presentation usage is restricted, and is
falling under usual copyrights usage.
• Thanks for your understanding.
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 2
This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
- 3. Outline
• General Trends
• LTE Market Status
• Femtocell Market Status
• 3GPP LTE Femtocell Technology Overview
• Machine-to-Machine
• Next Generation Small Cells
• Conclusions
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 3
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- 4. General Trends
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 4
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- 5. Mobile broadband experience
Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work
Traffic Generated Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011
= 24 x = 515 x
= 122 x
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 5
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- 6. Traffic current trend AT&T traffic evolution
The dramatic growth of mobile data traffic
UK mobile data traffic growth
Source: AT&T
Mobile data traffic evolution (TB per million
inhabitants per month) in some European countries
Source: Ofcom
Source: ECC PT1
Source: IDATE
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 6
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- 7. Traffic forecast 2010-2020: toward a capacity crunch
Total mobile traffic (EB per year)
140.00
Total mobile traffic in 2020
120.00
x33 compared to 2010
100.00
Yearly traffic in EB
Europe
80.00 Americas
Asia
60.00
Capacity Rest of the world
W orld
40.00
20.00
-
2010 2015 2020
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 7
Source: IDATE
This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
- 8. Traffic diversity: mobile data traffic is NOT uniform
Geography Subscribers Time of day
Devices
Location Applications
Source: Senza Fili Consulting
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 8
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- 9. Smart digital home: starting point
Price decrase Vs Added Value
Services & Customization
Innnovation Global Solutions
SIP
Flexibility Technical Support
Very High Throughput
Enabling Middleware
more advanced services Open Software & SDK
FTTH
Local Connectivity
3.0 &
Device Management
Tungsten
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 9
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- 10. Smart digital home: towards Internet of Thing (IoT)
High Indoor Demand
•Ubiquitous
•Seamless Connectivity
•User Centric
•Ambient Intelligence
•Social Network
•Sustainable
•Heterogeneous Traffic
Micro-
generation Comfort
FMC & Multimedia
Security
WiFi
)))
Ethernet
Energy
3G/LTE
Health
ADSL, FTTH, 0
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 10
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- 11. Need of higher frequency reuse to close the gap
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 11
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- 12. Heterogeneous Network & Small Cells Emergence
COVERAGE ERA CAPACITY ERA
HetNet & Small Cells bring the capacity
where and when it is needed
• LTE / LTE-A natively supports this evolution from coverage to capacity
• In 3GPP point of view, Picocells & Femtocells are Small Cells
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 12
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- 13. LTE Market Status
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- 14. HSPA Networks: 380 commercial systems
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- 15. Global UMTS subscriber growth forecast
HSPA+ will still play an active role
in near future, both as migration
and complementary to LTE
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 15
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- 16. Investing in LTE: 237 Operators in 85 Countries
26 Commercial LTE NW launched
161 LTE User Devices
(July 2011)
174 Commercial LTE Commitments in 64 countries
63 additional pre-commitment trials
93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in
Commercial service by end of 2012!
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 16
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- 17. LTE operator commitments faster than HSPA
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- 18. LTE ecosystem is maturing fast
Smart Phones
M-Tablets
DSL-Routers
+ USB dongles + netbooks, etc…
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 18
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- 19. Worldwide mobile broadband spectrum
FDD: 2x70MHz FDD: 2x35MHz
TDD: 50MHz
China Mobile
Genius Brand
CSL Ltd
AWS …
TeliaSonera
Vodafone Hong-Kong Major TD-LTE Market
O2 (incl. India)
…
Verizon
AT&T
metroPCS
NTT DoCoMo
Digital Dividend
Refarming and extensions are still to come…
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 19
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- 20. LTE roll-out worldwide vs. Spectrum band fragmentation
Source:Huawei
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is a critical problem
“we are unlikely to see a 'world' device
in a handset form-factor soon”
Wireless Intelligence
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 20
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- 21. TD-LTE is gaining momentum
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 21
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- 22. LTE royalty level: Need for patent pool facilitation?
14.8%
LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO
4076 declarations (March 2011)
Critical constraint
for Femtocells
is
COST EFFICIENCY!!
Source: Sisvel
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 22
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- 23. LTE & 4G patents
$12.5 billion
6000+ patents 24000+ patents
$4.5 billion
WHO’s NEXT?…
$2.6 billion
$340 Million $770 Million
Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
Especially in Vertical Markets!
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 23
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- 24. Femtocell Market Status
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 24
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- 25. Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators (1.99billion subscribers, 34%)
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- 26. Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology Providers
The ecosystem is now mature enough
4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 26
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- 27. Femtocell market status
36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries,
15 Roll-out commitments in 2012
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- 28. Key Findings: Global femtocell survey
6,100 consumers in 6 countries
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- 29. Mobile Phone/Service Problems: Churn reduction
Femtocells are seen (initially)
as a solution to decrease the
Resulting Churn Rate!!
42% churn reduction
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 29
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- 30. Residential Macro Data Offload
Offload via Wi-Fi and/or Femtocell
On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be offloaded !
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- 31. Femto Forum Priorities for 2012
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- 32. 3GPP LTE Femtocell Technology Overview
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- 33. 3GPP Structure
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- 34. 3GPP Liaisons
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 34
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- 35. Bandwidth & Duplexing modes (Rel.8/9)
And HALF-DUPLEX!!!
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 35
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- 36. Architecture (Rel.10)
S1
S1
S1
S1
S5
S1
S1
S1
S1
X2
X2
3GPP Rel.10
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 36
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- 37. 3 options to connect the HeNB to the core network (EPC)
[1] [2]
[3]
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 37
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- 38. HeNB Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) process
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- 39. Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (1/2)
• Frequency domain solution
• Data channel protection
• Indicators exchange through X2
• macro / pico
• Uplink interference management
• High Interference Indicator (HII)
• eNB sends 1 bit per resource block
(RB)
− Indicate Cell-edge user on this resource
− Informed neighbours will avoid these RB at
cell-edge
• Proactive process
• Overload Indicator (OI)
• eNB reports the level of interference
received
− Low, Medium, High
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 39
• Reactive process
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- 40. Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (2/2)
• Downlink interference management
• Relative Narrowband Transmit Power
(RNTP) Indicator
• eNB advertises Tx power per RB
• Proactive process
• Enables (dynamic) frequency partitioning
Hard Frequency Reuse Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) Soft-Frequency Reuse (SFR)
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- 41. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (1/4)
• Specifically targets Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet)
• Small Cells
• Time domain solution
• Control channel protection
• Information exchange through X2
• macro/pico
or OAM configuration
• macro/pico/femto
• Focus only on Non-Carrier Aggregation (CA) scenarios
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- 42. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (2/4)
• Downlink power control
• Targets femtocell
• Power is adjusted based on surrounding
• Measurements performed by the femtocell
− DL & UL
• Need of one Network Listen Module (NLM)
− Not specified
− But always required by Operators
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 42
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- 43. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (3/4)
• Almost Blank Subframe (ABS)
• During defined subframes, the Aggressor cell does not transmit its (control +
data) channels to protect a Victim cell
• ABS pattern transmitted via X2 (dynamic) for macro/pico
• Macro/Pico → Aggressor/Victim normal F e m to
ABS
F e m to
or via OAM (semi-static) for macro/femto
• Macro/Femto → Victim/Aggressor
M a c ro M a c ro
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 43
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- 44. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (4/4)
• Cell Range Extension (CRE)
• Through broadcasted information (handover/camp bias) UEs stay connected
to picocells with low SINR (hotspot)
• Requires advanced UE receiver for interference cancellation
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 44
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- 45. Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (1/2)
• further enhanced ICIC (feICIC) for non-CA based deployment
• Some proposals under discussion:
• At the transmitter side in DL
− Combination of ABS + power reduction
• At the receiver side in DL
− Use of advanced UE receiver (cancellation/discard of known signals such as CRS …)
• ICIC for CA based deployment
• In CA deployment, several cells/ component carriers (CCs) are aggregated
• Up to 5 CCs (100MHz maximum bandwidth)
• Cross scheduling among the CCs is possible
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 45
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- 46. Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (2/2)
• ICIC for CA based deployment
• For each Rel.10+ UE,
• One Primary Cell (PCell) is assigned among the pool of cells
− Carrying control information
• The rest of the cells are seen as Secondary Cells (SCells)
− Carrying data
• PCell/SCell selection is under discussion
Macro UE A Macro UE B Pico UE
• Control signaling on f 1 and/or f 2 • Control signaling on f 1 • Control signaling on f 2
• Data on f 1 and/or f 2 • Data on f 1 and/or f 2 • Data on f 1 and/or f 2
Pico
Macro
f1 f1
f2 f2
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 46
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- 47. LTE Self-Organizing Network (SON) features
S1/X2 configuration
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- 48. SON progress status w.r.t 3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10
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- 49. Support for Self-Configuration & Self-Optimization
• Self-Configuration Process
• Basic Set-up
• Automatic Registration of
nodes in the system
• Initial Radio Configuration
• Self-Optimization Process
• UE & eNB measurements
and performance
measurements are used to
auto-tune the network
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 49
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- 50. LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access (LIPA)
Femto Femto
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- 51. LTE-Advanced: Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO)
SIPTO Traffic
• Service Continuity will be
CN
solved in Rel.11
L-PGW
MME
RAN • between eNBs
S5
S11
S1-U S5
• between HeNBs
eNB S-GW P-GW
• between eNB and HeNB
UE CN Traffic
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 51
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- 52. 3GPP Rel.7: IP Flow Mobility but NO Seamless Offload
• Rel.7 introduced 3G/Wi-Fi interworking architecture
• But NO Guarantee of Seamless HO
• 3G ↔ Wi-Fi based on Application level Switch
• IP address change
• Key question is:
• HOW to select the traffic IP Flow from operator’s point of view to stay in
Cellular or switch to Wi-Fi?
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- 53. 3GPP Rel.8: DSMIP based IP Flow mobility SEAMLESS!
• Thanks to Dual Stack Mobile IP (DSMIP), IP address is maintained
• Seamless transition (Make-before-break)
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 53
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- 54. LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload (IFOM)
• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload
• Carry (simultaneously) some of UE’s traffic over Wi-Fi to offload Femto
Access
Individual flows
belonging to the
same PDN
IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6
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- 55. Flow management: To summarize…
LTE
Source: Qualcomm
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- 56. Mobility management for femtocell (X2 interface)
• Rel.9
• No X2 interface (S1 mobility)
• Rel.10
• X2 HeNB-HeNB with open target or same CSG-ID (no access control)
• Rel-11
• Study Item (SI) ongoing on extension to HeNB-eNB and remaining HeNB-
HeNB scenarios (cf. 3GPP TR 37.803), (use of X2-proxy?)
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- 57. Machine-to-Machine
M2M
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- 58. Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)
Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston
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- 59. Vertical markets in LTE
M2M
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- 60. Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 60
This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
- 61. Verizon LTE Innovation Center
LTE Connected Car Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)
Bicycle LiveEdge.TV
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- 62. High Level (simplified) M2M Architecture
Capillary
Network
Operator
platform
M2M
Gateway
Client
Application
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- 63. ETSI TC M2M links with other ETSI TCs
ETSI RRS ETSI ATTM ETSI DECT ETSI SCP
Capillary
Access Networks
Service Platform ETSI ERM
ETSI TISPAN
wireless
Wide Area
Network
M2M Gateway
IP Network
wireline
Application
ETSI ITS
ETSI e-Health ETSI PLT
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- 64. ETSI M2M links with ecosystem
EPCGlobal
ISO/IEC JTC1 GS1
UWSN ESMIG
Metering
IUT-T Utilities
HGI
NGN CEN CENELEC Home Gateway
Metering
Smart Metering Smart Metering Capillary Initiative
Access networks
OASIS Service Platform
W3C WOSA
wireless
Wide Area
Network
IETF 6LowPAN M2M Gateway KNX
IPSO Phy-Mac Over IPV6
IPV6 IP Network
Hardware and W-Mbus
Protocols
IETF ROLL
Routing over Low Power
Lossy Networks wireline
IEEE
ZCL 802.xx.x
Application
ZigBee Alliance.
ZB Application Profiles OMA GSMA 3GPP
SCAG,… SA1, SA3, ,…
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- 65. ETSI TC M2M Use Cases
TR 102 692 TR 102 732 TR 102 857 TR 102 898 TR 102 897
Smart eHealth Connected Automotive City
Metering consumer automation
PUBLISHED
TS 102 689
Stage 1 M2M Service
Requirements PUBLISHED
TR 1xx xxx TR 102 725
Interworking M2M
with M2M Area TS 102 690 Definitions
Networks Stage 2 M2M Functional
Architecture
TR 102 935 TR 101 531 TR 102 167
Smart Grid TS 102 921 Re-use of 3GPP Threat analysis and
Stage 3 nodes by M2MSC counter measures
impacts on M2M Communications;
mIa, dIa and mId interfaces layer to M2M service
M2M layer
European Commission mandates (CEN, CENELEC, ETSI)
•M/441: Smart metering (ongoing)
•M/468: Electrical vehicles chargers (ongoing)
•M/490: Smart grid (Launched 1st March 2011)
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- 66. 3GPP Machine-Type Communications (MTC) Architecture (High
Level)
MTCsms
MTC
3GPP
Server
PLMN -
MTCu 3GPP bearer services / MTC
MTC
Server
Device SMS / IMS IWK
Function
MTC
Server
MTCi
MTCu: It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane
traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.
MTCi: It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus
communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi,
and Wi interface.
MTCsms: It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates
with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.
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- 67. MTC in 3GPP
Current discussion on
low cost MTC device evaluation
(traffic model, comparison with
GPRS, …)
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- 68. M2M ecosystem’s jungle
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- 69. GSC M2M standardization task force: Toward an M2M-PP?
Source: Numerex
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- 70. Next Generation Small Cell
Small Intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXCTM)
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- 71. Fixed/Mobile Convergence
Source: BT Wholesale
It is necessary to propose integrated Architectures
taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems
(e.g. 3G, LTE, Wi-Fi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)
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- 72. Fixed/Mobile Convergence 3GPP Rel.11
• Workshop organized between 3GPP and Broadband Forum (BBF)
• Set of Requirements (BBF WT-203)
• Several 3GPP Working Groups will focus during Rel.11 onto
• Requirements
• Architecture
• Security
• OAM
Building Block I Building Block II Building Block III
•Mobility • Policy & QoS • Architecture for NW
•Authentication •HeNB + Offload based mobility with
•Policy & QoS •WLAN + Offload trusted BBF access
•HeNB EPC • Further convergence
between 3GPP &
•WLAN EPC Fixed NW
•IFOM • Policy & QoS
•LIPA/SIPTO for interworking
HeNB with Static QoS 3GPP/BBF
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- 73. 3GPP multi-RAT interworking: I-WLAN (Rel.6) for Wi-Fi
• Advantages
• Access to AAA 3GPP service
• Access PDG/PDN-GW core
infrastructure
• Automatic Wi-Fi user
Authentication based on
Cellular Subscriber ID
information contained into the
device
• Disadvantages
• No session continuity to/from
3G/LTE and Wi-Fi
• Local Offload is not supported
• Requires IPSec tunnelling from
wireless device to PDG
AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
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- 74. 3GPP multi-RAT interworking: untrusted network (Rel.8)
S2 interface:
S2a: trusted
S2b: untrusted (need of ePDG)
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- 75. 3GPP multi-RAT interworking: Several work items currently running
Acronym Title Release Comment
Multiple Connections to the same PDN for PMIP
MUPSAP Rel.9
Interfaces
Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity and IP flow spun-off in
MAPIM Rel.9
Mobility IFOM/MAPCON
IFOM IP Flow Mobility and seamless WLAN Offload Rel.10
MAPCON Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity Rel.10
SMOG S2b MObility based on GTP Rel.10 GTP based S2b Mobility
SaMOG S2a mobility based on GTP & WLAN access to EPC Rel.11 GTP based S2a Mobility
ISRP introduction to
ANDSF Access Network Discovery & Selection Function Rel.10 accommodate
MAPCON/IFOM
eANDSF enhanced ANDSF Rel.11
OPIIS Operator Policies for IP Interface Selection Rel.11
DIDA Data Identification in ANDSF Rel.11
LOBSTER Location Based Selection of gateways for WLAN Rel.11
BBAI Broadband Access Interworking Rel.11
VINE Voice Interworking with Enterprise IP-PBX Rel.11
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- 76. Hotspot 2.0: Next Generation Hotspot (Wi-Fi Alliance)
Enhancing Wi-Fi to be
more ‘Cellular’
Built directly Built directly
into device into device
Source: Cisco
Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:
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- 77. Hotspot 2.0: Next Generation Hotspot (Wi-Fi Alliance)
HS 2.0- HS 2.0-
Hotspot 2.0-Spec 1 (PRIORITY) Spec 2 Spec 3 Out-of-scope4
Network Rogue Air EAP-SIM, Operator Secure Session Operator
Discovery Prevention Interface AKA,TLS, Policy Online Persistence Traffic
& Selection Encryption FAST (Traffic Sign-up Management2
Steering)
Hotspot 2.0
WISPR 1.01
WISPR 2.01
Vendor-specific (e.g.
iPass, Devicescape,
etc.)
Mobile IP
3 3
I-WLAN
Notes: Source: Cisco
(1) IPR issues
(2) Operator Traffic Management is the ability for the operator to take back operator-offered applications (e.g. mobile television) seurely back its
data center using an encryupted tunnel when device is using an un-trusted (i.e. non-802.1x) Hotspot. All of the other applications get local
break-out. I
(3) All traffic gets back-hauled to mobile operator in a VPN tunnel
(4) Out-of-scope. The SIG may disband rather than make a recommendation in this area, since there already other industry bodies working here
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- 78. Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA) goals
Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™
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- 79. Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN): LTE Backhaul
Source: Ericsson
Traffic Volume:
X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1
IPSec +14%
GTP/MIP overhead ~10%
LTE Small Cells deployment will change rules for Backhaul provisioning
Need for more research
Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)
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- 80. TV White Space (TVWS) for backhaul
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- 81. LTE in TVWS
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- 82. End-to-End (E2E) LTE QoS - Challenges
Source: Continuous Computing
Challenges for future Small Cells
• Increase robustness to Backhaul Heterogeneity & Variability
• QoS policies (PCRF) more coordinated with Air interface Scheduling
• Difficulties to handle multiple QoS mapping with IP Flow Management
• Inter-RAT E2E QoS
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- 83. Conclusions
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- 84. • HetNets & Small Cells bring a viable solution to the capacity crunch
• Based on current work items/study items for LTE/LTE-A, 3GPP embraces this
trend and put a major effort on it
• Convergence cellular technology / WLAN is a reality both in 3GPP and Wireless
Broadband Alliance worlds
• Many tools are provided to mobile operators (LIPA, SIPTO, IFOM, …) to
optimise their spectrum (radio access)
• With the increase of small cells, backhauling must be carefully taken to
considerations (optical, wireless, …)
• Small cells and M2M represent great opportunities to strengthen European
industry position in the fields of Future Internet technologies, mobile and wireless
broadband systems, optical networks, and network management technologies.
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