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Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced

           Thierry LESTABLE, Massinissa LALAM
                                     01.02.2012
COPYRIGHTS DISCLAIMER

• Besides Sagemcom SAS, many third party copyrighted material is reused within
  this brief tutorial under the 'fair use' approach, for sake of educational purpose
  only, and very limited edition.
• As a consequence, the current slide set presentation usage is restricted, and is
  falling under usual copyrights usage.
• Thanks for your understanding.




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Outline

• General Trends

• LTE Market Status

• Femtocell Market Status

• 3GPP LTE Femtocell Technology Overview

• Machine-to-Machine

• Next Generation Small Cells

• Conclusions



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General Trends




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Mobile broadband experience

Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work




                                                                                         Traffic Generated                                                                 Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011




                                 = 24 x                                                                                                                                  = 515 x
                                                                                             = 122 x

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Traffic current trend                                                                                                                                AT&T traffic evolution


 The dramatic growth of mobile data traffic




     UK mobile data traffic growth


                                                                                                                                                                          Source: AT&T

                                                                                                                                           Mobile data traffic evolution (TB per million
                                                                                                                                       inhabitants per month) in some European countries




                                              Source: Ofcom




                                                                                                                                                                         Source: ECC PT1
                                                                                                    Source: IDATE
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Traffic forecast 2010-2020: toward a capacity crunch




                                                                                                                                               Total mobile traffic (EB per year)


                                                                                                                         140.00
     Total mobile traffic in 2020
                                                                                                                         120.00
       x33 compared to 2010
                                                                                                                         100.00
                                                                                                  Yearly traffic in EB



                                                                                                                                                                                       Europe
                                                                                                                          80.00                                                        Americas
                                                                                                                                                                                       Asia
                                                                                                                          60.00
                                 Capacity                                                                                                                                              Rest of the world
                                                                                                                                                                                       W orld
                                                                                                                          40.00

                                                                                                                          20.00

                                                                                                                            -
                                                                                                                                  2010                         2015             2020
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 |                   SCET/URD1/Femtocell |                Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced |                  © Sagemcom                                             7
                                                                                                                                                             Source: IDATE
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Traffic diversity: mobile data traffic is NOT uniform
              Geography                                                                      Subscribers                                                                 Time of day




                                                                                                                                                                               Devices
               Location                                                                        Applications




                                                                                                    Source: Senza Fili Consulting
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Smart digital home: starting point
                                                                                                                                                                         Price decrase Vs Added Value
         Services & Customization




                                                                                                                                                                              Innnovation     Global Solutions


                             SIP



                                                                                                                                                                             Flexibility    Technical Support




  Very High Throughput
        Enabling                                                                                                                                                                  Middleware
  more advanced services                                                                                                                                                       Open Software & SDK
            FTTH




                                                                                        Local Connectivity
                              3.0                                                               &
                                                                                       Device Management


                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Tungsten



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Smart digital home: towards Internet of Thing (IoT)

High Indoor Demand
•Ubiquitous
•Seamless Connectivity
•User Centric
•Ambient Intelligence
•Social Network
•Sustainable
•Heterogeneous Traffic
                                                                   Micro-
                                                                   generation                                   Comfort

                                                                                                                                                   FMC & Multimedia

                                                                                        Security




                                                                                                                               WiFi
                                                                                                                    )))
                                                                                                                          Ethernet



                                                                                     Energy
                                                                                                                                                            3G/LTE
                                                                                                                      Health




                                                                                                                                             ADSL, FTTH, 0




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Need of higher frequency reuse to close the gap




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Heterogeneous Network & Small Cells Emergence

                 COVERAGE ERA                                                                                                                                            CAPACITY ERA




                                                        HetNet & Small Cells bring the capacity
                                                            where and when it is needed


• LTE / LTE-A natively supports this evolution from coverage to capacity
   • In 3GPP point of view, Picocells & Femtocells are Small Cells

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LTE Market Status




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HSPA Networks: 380 commercial systems




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Global UMTS subscriber growth forecast




    HSPA+ will still play an active role
     in near future, both as migration
        and complementary to LTE




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Investing in LTE: 237 Operators in 85 Countries




                                                                26 Commercial LTE NW launched
                                                                     161 LTE User Devices
                                                                         (July 2011)

                                                  174 Commercial LTE Commitments in 64 countries
                                                        63 additional pre-commitment trials

                                                              93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in
                                                                Commercial service by end of 2012!




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LTE operator commitments faster than HSPA




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LTE ecosystem is maturing fast

Smart Phones




M-Tablets




DSL-Routers




+ USB dongles + netbooks, etc…

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Worldwide mobile broadband spectrum
                                                                                        FDD: 2x70MHz                  FDD: 2x35MHz
                                                                                        TDD: 50MHz
                                                                                                                                                                                                     China Mobile
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Genius Brand
                                                                                                                                                                                                     CSL Ltd
AWS                                                                                                                                                                                                  …
                                                                                                                          TeliaSonera
                                                                                                                          Vodafone                                       Hong-Kong     Major TD-LTE Market
                                                                                                                          O2                                                           (incl. India)
                                                                                                                          …
                                    Verizon
                                    AT&T
 metroPCS
                                                                                                                                                                                         NTT DoCoMo




                                                                                                                                                                               Digital Dividend
       Refarming and extensions are still to come…

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LTE roll-out worldwide vs. Spectrum band fragmentation




Source:Huawei




 Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
             is a critical problem

        “we are unlikely to see a 'world' device
           in a handset form-factor soon”
                                       Wireless Intelligence




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TD-LTE is gaining momentum




                                                                                                                                                                         Strong Ecosystem growing fast…




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LTE royalty level: Need for patent pool facilitation?




                     14.8%




                                                                                                                                             LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO
                                                                                                                                             4076 declarations (March 2011)




                                       Critical constraint
                                         for Femtocells
                                                is
                                      COST EFFICIENCY!!


           Source: Sisvel
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LTE & 4G patents



                                                                                                                                                                         $12.5 billion



                                               6000+ patents                                                                                                                             24000+ patents


                                                                          $4.5 billion



                                                                                                                                                                WHO’s NEXT?…

                         $2.6 billion


                        $340 Million                              $770 Million
                                                                                                                                            Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
                                                                                                                                           Especially in Vertical Markets!




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Femtocell Market Status




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Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators (1.99billion subscribers, 34%)




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Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology Providers




                                                                   The ecosystem is now mature enough
                                                                    4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012

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Femtocell market status




                                                         36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries,
                                                              15 Roll-out commitments in 2012

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Key Findings: Global femtocell survey




                                                                                                                                                                     6,100 consumers in 6 countries

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Mobile Phone/Service Problems: Churn reduction




           Femtocells are seen (initially)
           as a solution to decrease the
              Resulting Churn Rate!!

                       42% churn reduction



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Residential Macro Data Offload




                                                                                   Offload via Wi-Fi and/or Femtocell


                                                                   On average, more than 70% of traffic
                                                                          can still be offloaded !

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Femto Forum Priorities for 2012




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3GPP LTE Femtocell Technology Overview




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3GPP Structure




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3GPP Liaisons




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Bandwidth & Duplexing modes (Rel.8/9)




                                                                                                                                                          And HALF-DUPLEX!!!




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Architecture (Rel.10)




                                                                                                                                                       S1
                                                     S1




                                                                                              S1


                                                                                                         S1




                                                                                                                                                              S5
                                                             S1




                                                                                      S1




                                                                                                                                        S1

                                                                                                                                                  S1
                                                            X2




                                                                                     X2




                                                                                                                                                                         3GPP Rel.10




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3 options to connect the HeNB to the core network (EPC)


                                           [1]                                                                                                                           [2]




                                                                                                            [3]




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HeNB Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) process




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Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (1/2)

• Frequency domain solution
    • Data channel protection

• Indicators exchange through X2
    • macro / pico

• Uplink interference management
   • High Interference Indicator (HII)
                   • eNB sends 1 bit per resource block
                     (RB)
                              − Indicate Cell-edge user on this resource
                              − Informed neighbours will avoid these RB at
                                cell-edge
                   • Proactive process

         • Overload Indicator (OI)
                   • eNB reports the level of interference
                     received
                              − Low, Medium, High
Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 |                   SCET/URD1/Femtocell |                Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced |                  © Sagemcom           39
                   • Reactive process
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Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (2/2)

• Downlink interference management
   • Relative Narrowband Transmit Power
     (RNTP) Indicator
                   • eNB advertises Tx power per RB
                   • Proactive process
         • Enables (dynamic) frequency partitioning




         Hard Frequency Reuse                                                  Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)                                                 Soft-Frequency Reuse (SFR)

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Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (1/4)

• Specifically targets Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet)
   • Small Cells

• Time domain solution
    • Control channel protection

• Information exchange through X2
    • macro/pico
  or OAM configuration
    • macro/pico/femto

• Focus only on Non-Carrier Aggregation (CA) scenarios




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Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (2/4)

• Downlink power control
   • Targets femtocell
   • Power is adjusted based on surrounding
                   • Measurements performed by the femtocell
                              − DL & UL
                   • Need of one Network Listen Module (NLM)
                              − Not specified
                              − But always required by Operators




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Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (3/4)

• Almost Blank Subframe (ABS)
    • During defined subframes, the Aggressor cell does not transmit its (control +
      data) channels to protect a Victim cell
    • ABS pattern transmitted via X2 (dynamic) for macro/pico
                   • Macro/Pico → Aggressor/Victim                                                                                                       normal          F e m to
                                                                                                                                                                                    ABS
                                                                                                                                             F e m to

              or via OAM (semi-static) for macro/femto
                   • Macro/Femto → Victim/Aggressor
                                                                                                                                             M a c ro                    M a c ro




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Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (4/4)

• Cell Range Extension (CRE)
   • Through broadcasted information (handover/camp bias) UEs stay connected
     to picocells with low SINR (hotspot)
   • Requires advanced UE receiver for interference cancellation




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Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (1/2)

• further enhanced ICIC (feICIC) for non-CA based deployment
    • Some proposals under discussion:
                   • At the transmitter side in DL
                              − Combination of ABS + power reduction
                   • At the receiver side in DL
                              − Use of advanced UE receiver (cancellation/discard of known signals such as CRS …)


• ICIC for CA based deployment
    • In CA deployment, several cells/ component carriers (CCs) are aggregated
                   • Up to 5 CCs (100MHz maximum bandwidth)
                   • Cross scheduling among the CCs is possible




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Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (2/2)

• ICIC for CA based deployment
    • For each Rel.10+ UE,
                   • One Primary Cell (PCell) is assigned among the pool of cells
                              − Carrying control information
                   • The rest of the cells are seen as Secondary Cells (SCells)
                              − Carrying data
         • PCell/SCell selection is under discussion
                             Macro UE A                                                                           Macro UE B                                      Pico UE
                             • Control signaling on f 1 and/or f 2                                                • Control signaling on f 1                      • Control signaling on f 2
                             • Data on f 1 and/or f 2                                                             • Data on f 1 and/or f 2                        • Data on f 1 and/or f 2




                                                                                                                                                                         Pico
                                                                                                   Macro


                                                                                                f1                                                                f1
                                                                                                f2                                                                f2
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LTE Self-Organizing Network (SON) features




                                                                                                                                                                         S1/X2 configuration




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SON progress status w.r.t 3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10




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Support for Self-Configuration & Self-Optimization


                                                                                                                                                  • Self-Configuration Process
                                                                                                                                                     • Basic Set-up
                                                                                                                                                     • Automatic Registration of
                                                                                                                                                       nodes in the system
                                                                                                                                                     • Initial Radio Configuration
                                                                                                                                                  • Self-Optimization Process
                                                                                                                                                     • UE & eNB measurements
                                                                                                                                                       and performance
                                                                                                                                                       measurements are used to
                                                                                                                                                       auto-tune the network




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LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access (LIPA)




                                                                                                                                                                         Femto   Femto




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LTE-Advanced: Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO)

                                                                SIPTO Traffic
                                                                                                                                                  • Service Continuity will be
                                                                                                                CN
                                                                                                                                                    solved in Rel.11
                                                               L-PGW
                                                                                                               MME
                                 RAN                                                                                                                  • between eNBs
                                                                           S5
                                                                                               S11

                                                  S1-U                                 S5
                                                                                                                                                      • between HeNBs
                               eNB                            S-GW                                          P-GW
                                                                                                                                                      • between eNB and HeNB
UE                                                                                                                                  CN Traffic




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3GPP Rel.7: IP Flow Mobility but NO Seamless Offload

• Rel.7 introduced 3G/Wi-Fi interworking architecture
   • But NO Guarantee of Seamless HO
• 3G ↔ Wi-Fi based on Application level Switch
   • IP address change




• Key question is:
   • HOW to select the traffic IP Flow from operator’s point of view to stay in
     Cellular or switch to Wi-Fi?

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3GPP Rel.8: DSMIP based IP Flow mobility                                                                                                                      SEAMLESS!

• Thanks to Dual Stack Mobile IP (DSMIP), IP address is maintained
   • Seamless transition (Make-before-break)




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LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload (IFOM)

• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload
    • Carry (simultaneously) some of UE’s traffic over Wi-Fi to offload Femto
      Access




                                                                                                                                                                         Individual flows
                                                                                                                                                                         belonging to the
                                                                                                                                                                         same PDN




                                                                                                                                                             IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6


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Flow management: To summarize…




                                                                                                                                           LTE




                                                                                                                                                                         Source: Qualcomm

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Mobility management for femtocell (X2 interface)

• Rel.9
   • No X2 interface (S1 mobility)
• Rel.10
   • X2 HeNB-HeNB with open target or same CSG-ID (no access control)
• Rel-11
   • Study Item (SI) ongoing on extension to HeNB-eNB and remaining HeNB-
     HeNB scenarios (cf. 3GPP TR 37.803), (use of X2-proxy?)




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Machine-to-Machine

                                                                                                                M2M




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Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)




                                                                                                                  Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston

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Vertical markets in LTE




                                                                                                                                                                         M2M




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Verizon LTE Innovation Center



LTE Connected Car                                                                Office in the Box                                              Connected Home (incl. eHealth)




                                                            Bicycle                                                                                                      LiveEdge.TV




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High Level (simplified) M2M Architecture


                                                                                                                                                                         Capillary
                                                                                                                                                                         Network




    Operator
    platform

                                                                                                                                                           M2M
                                                                                                                                                           Gateway


   Client
 Application




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ETSI TC M2M links with other ETSI TCs


                             ETSI RRS                                      ETSI ATTM                                  ETSI DECT                                          ETSI SCP

                                                                                                                                                       Capillary
                                                                                                                                                    Access Networks
                                                    Service Platform                                                                                                                ETSI ERM
            ETSI TISPAN
                                                                                                                                                         wireless
                                                                                                        Wide Area
                                                                                                         Network
                                                                                                                                   M2M Gateway



                                                                                  IP Network


                                                                                                                                           wireline




                                                                  Application
                   ETSI ITS
                                                          ETSI e-Health                                                   ETSI PLT



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ETSI M2M links with ecosystem
                                                                                                                                                                         EPCGlobal
                                                                                               ISO/IEC JTC1                                                                  GS1
                                                                                                            UWSN                                       ESMIG
                                                                                                                                                         Metering
                                        IUT-T                                                                                                                                             Utilities
                                                                                                                                                                         HGI
                                           NGN                                     CEN                                     CENELEC                                    Home Gateway
                                                                                                                                                                                           Metering
                                                                             Smart Metering                                 Smart Metering                  Capillary   Initiative
                                                                                                                                                     Access networks
                                OASIS               Service Platform

        W3C                                                                                                                                                                      WOSA
                                                                                                                                                         wireless
                                                                                                        Wide Area
                                                                                                         Network

                               IETF 6LowPAN                                                                                        M2M Gateway                                       KNX
            IPSO                  Phy-Mac Over IPV6
            IPV6                                                                  IP Network
        Hardware and                                                                                                                                                             W-Mbus
          Protocols
                                        IETF ROLL
                                  Routing over Low Power
                                      Lossy Networks                                                                                       wireline
                                                                                                                                                                               IEEE
                             ZCL                                                                                                                                               802.xx.x

                                                                  Application

          ZigBee Alliance.
               ZB Application Profiles                                OMA                                   GSMA                                             3GPP
                                                                                                             SCAG,…                                       SA1, SA3, ,…




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ETSI TC M2M                                                                                                    Use Cases


                      TR 102 692                                 TR 102 732                                  TR 102 857                                 TR 102 898            TR 102 897
                        Smart                                      eHealth                                    Connected                                 Automotive               City
                       Metering                                                                               consumer                                                        automation
                  PUBLISHED
                                                                                                               TS 102 689
                                                                          Stage 1                             M2M Service
                                                                                                              Requirements                  PUBLISHED
                      TR 1xx xxx                                                                                                                                               TR 102 725
                      Interworking                                                                                                                                                M2M
                     with M2M Area                                                                              TS 102 690                                                     Definitions
                        Networks                                          Stage 2                             M2M Functional
                                                                                                               Architecture

                      TR 102 935                                                                                                                              TR 101 531       TR 102 167
                      Smart Grid                                                                                TS 102 921                                   Re-use of 3GPP   Threat analysis and
                                                                          Stage 3                                                                           nodes by M2MSC    counter measures
                      impacts on                                                                     M2M Communications;
                                                                                                    mIa, dIa and mId interfaces                                   layer        to M2M service
                         M2M                                                                                                                                                         layer




                               European Commission mandates (CEN, CENELEC, ETSI)
                               •M/441: Smart metering (ongoing)
                               •M/468: Electrical vehicles chargers (ongoing)
                               •M/490: Smart grid (Launched 1st March 2011)
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3GPP Machine-Type Communications (MTC) Architecture (High
Level)


                                                                                                                                                       MTCsms
                                                                                                                                                                                     MTC
                                                                                                                                                                         3GPP
                                                                                                                                                                                    Server
                                                                                                                                                                         PLMN -
                                                 MTCu                                    3GPP bearer services /                                                          MTC
                         MTC
                                                                                                                                                                         Server
                        Device                                                               SMS / IMS                                                                   IWK
                                                                                                                                                                         Function
                                                                                                                                                                                     MTC
                                                                                                                                                                                    Server
                                                                                                                                                             MTCi




              MTCu:                           It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane
                                              traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.
              MTCi:                           It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus
                                              communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi,
                                              and Wi interface.
              MTCsms:                         It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates
                                              with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.




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MTC in 3GPP




Current discussion on
low cost MTC device evaluation
(traffic model, comparison with
GPRS, …)


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M2M ecosystem’s jungle




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GSC M2M standardization task force: Toward an M2M-PP?




                                                                                                                                                                         Source: Numerex
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Next Generation Small Cell

                                                                  Small Intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXCTM)




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Fixed/Mobile Convergence




                                                                                                                                                                         Source: BT Wholesale

                                         It is necessary to propose integrated Architectures
                                             taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems
                                             (e.g. 3G, LTE, Wi-Fi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)


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Fixed/Mobile Convergence                                                                               3GPP Rel.11

• Workshop organized between 3GPP and Broadband Forum (BBF)
   • Set of Requirements (BBF WT-203)
   • Several 3GPP Working Groups will focus during Rel.11 onto
                   •    Requirements
                   •    Architecture
                   •    Security
                   •    OAM
                                  Building Block I                                                         Building Block II                                       Building Block III

                                                  •Mobility                                                • Policy & QoS                                          • Architecture for NW
                                                  •Authentication                                               •HeNB + Offload                                    based mobility with
                                                  •Policy & QoS                                                 •WLAN + Offload                                    trusted BBF access
                                                       •HeNB     EPC                                                                                               • Further convergence
                                                                                                                                                                   between 3GPP &
                                                       •WLAN      EPC                                                                                              Fixed NW
                                                  •IFOM                                                                                                            • Policy & QoS
                                                  •LIPA/SIPTO for                                                                                                  interworking
                                                  HeNB with Static QoS                                                                                             3GPP/BBF


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3GPP multi-RAT interworking: I-WLAN (Rel.6) for Wi-Fi

                                                                                                                                          • Advantages
                                                                                                                                             • Access to AAA 3GPP service
                                                                                                                                             • Access PDG/PDN-GW core
                                                                                                                                               infrastructure
                                                                                                                                             • Automatic Wi-Fi user
                                                                                                                                               Authentication based on
                                                                                                                                               Cellular Subscriber ID
                                                                                                                                               information contained into the
                                                                                                                                               device
                                                                                                                                          • Disadvantages
                                                                                                                                             • No session continuity to/from
                                                                                                                                               3G/LTE and Wi-Fi
                                                                                                                                             • Local Offload is not supported
                                                                                                                                             • Requires IPSec tunnelling from
                                                                                                                                               wireless device to PDG
AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting

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3GPP multi-RAT interworking: untrusted network (Rel.8)




                                                                                                                                                                         S2 interface:
                                                                                                                                                                         S2a: trusted
                                                                                                                                                                         S2b: untrusted (need of ePDG)


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3GPP multi-RAT interworking: Several work items currently running
Acronym                       Title                                                                                                                      Release         Comment
                              Multiple Connections to the same PDN for PMIP
MUPSAP                                                                                                                                                   Rel.9
                              Interfaces
                              Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity and IP flow                                                                                                  spun-off in
MAPIM                                                                                                                                                    Rel.9
                              Mobility                                                                                                                                   IFOM/MAPCON
IFOM                          IP Flow Mobility and seamless WLAN Offload                                                                                 Rel.10
MAPCON                        Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity                                                                                              Rel.10
SMOG                          S2b MObility based on GTP                                                                                                  Rel.10          GTP based S2b Mobility
SaMOG                         S2a mobility based on GTP & WLAN access to EPC                                                                             Rel.11          GTP based S2a Mobility
                                                                                                                                                                         ISRP introduction to
ANDSF                         Access Network Discovery & Selection Function                                                                              Rel.10          accommodate
                                                                                                                                                                         MAPCON/IFOM
eANDSF                        enhanced ANDSF                                                                                                             Rel.11
OPIIS                         Operator Policies for IP Interface Selection                                                                               Rel.11
DIDA                          Data Identification in ANDSF                                                                                               Rel.11
LOBSTER                       Location Based Selection of gateways for WLAN                                                                              Rel.11
BBAI                          Broadband Access Interworking                                                                                              Rel.11
VINE                          Voice Interworking with Enterprise IP-PBX                                                                                  Rel.11
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Hotspot 2.0: Next Generation Hotspot (Wi-Fi Alliance)


                                                                                                                                                                         Enhancing Wi-Fi to be
                                                                                                                                                                            more ‘Cellular’




                                                                           Built directly                                                       Built directly
                                                                            into device                                                          into device




                                                                                                                                                                                Source: Cisco

                                                                            Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:



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Hotspot 2.0: Next Generation Hotspot (Wi-Fi Alliance)
                                                                                                                                                    HS 2.0-              HS 2.0-
                                                             Hotspot 2.0-Spec 1 (PRIORITY)                                                          Spec 2               Spec 3         Out-of-scope4


                                                      Network                  Rogue                    Air                EAP-SIM,                Operator              Secure     Session        Operator
                                                     Discovery               Prevention              Interface             AKA,TLS,                 Policy               Online    Persistence      Traffic
                                                     & Selection                                    Encryption              FAST                   (Traffic              Sign-up                 Management2
                                                                                                                                                   Steering)


      Hotspot 2.0

      WISPR 1.01

      WISPR 2.01

      Vendor-specific (e.g.
      iPass, Devicescape,
      etc.)

      Mobile IP

                                                                                                               3                                                                                        3
      I-WLAN
  Notes:                                                                                                                               Source: Cisco
  (1)    IPR issues
  (2)    Operator Traffic Management is the ability for the operator to take back operator-offered applications (e.g. mobile television) seurely back its
         data center using an encryupted tunnel when device is using an un-trusted (i.e. non-802.1x) Hotspot. All of the other applications get local
         break-out. I
  (3)    All traffic gets back-hauled to mobile operator in a VPN tunnel
  (4)    Out-of-scope. The SIG may disband rather than make a recommendation in this area, since there already other industry bodies working here
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Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA) goals




                                                                                                                                                 Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™




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Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN): LTE Backhaul




                                                                                                                  Source: Ericsson



                                                                                                                                                                         Traffic Volume:

                                                                                                                                                                 X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1

                                                                                                                                                                IPSec +14%

                                                                                                                                                                GTP/MIP overhead ~10%


        LTE Small Cells deployment will change rules for Backhaul provisioning
          Need for more research
          Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)

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TV White Space (TVWS) for backhaul




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LTE in TVWS




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End-to-End (E2E) LTE QoS - Challenges




                                                                                                                                                                   Source: Continuous Computing




                Challenges for future Small Cells
                • Increase robustness to Backhaul Heterogeneity & Variability
                • QoS policies (PCRF) more coordinated with Air interface Scheduling
                • Difficulties to handle multiple QoS mapping with IP Flow Management
                • Inter-RAT E2E QoS


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Conclusions




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• HetNets & Small Cells bring a viable solution to the capacity crunch

• Based on current work items/study items for LTE/LTE-A, 3GPP embraces this
  trend and put a major effort on it

• Convergence cellular technology / WLAN is a reality both in 3GPP and Wireless
  Broadband Alliance worlds

• Many tools are provided to mobile operators (LIPA, SIPTO, IFOM, …) to
  optimise their spectrum (radio access)

• With the increase of small cells, backhauling must be carefully taken to
  considerations (optical, wireless, …)

• Small cells and M2M represent great opportunities to strengthen European
  industry position in the fields of Future Internet technologies, mobile and wireless
  broadband systems, optical networks, and network management technologies.
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Enst lte small cell - Tutorial - 2012

  • 1. Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced Thierry LESTABLE, Massinissa LALAM 01.02.2012
  • 2. COPYRIGHTS DISCLAIMER • Besides Sagemcom SAS, many third party copyrighted material is reused within this brief tutorial under the 'fair use' approach, for sake of educational purpose only, and very limited edition. • As a consequence, the current slide set presentation usage is restricted, and is falling under usual copyrights usage. • Thanks for your understanding. Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 2 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 3. Outline • General Trends • LTE Market Status • Femtocell Market Status • 3GPP LTE Femtocell Technology Overview • Machine-to-Machine • Next Generation Small Cells • Conclusions Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 3 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 4. General Trends Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 4 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 5. Mobile broadband experience Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work Traffic Generated Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011 = 24 x = 515 x = 122 x Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 5 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 6. Traffic current trend AT&T traffic evolution The dramatic growth of mobile data traffic UK mobile data traffic growth Source: AT&T Mobile data traffic evolution (TB per million inhabitants per month) in some European countries Source: Ofcom Source: ECC PT1 Source: IDATE Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 6 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 7. Traffic forecast 2010-2020: toward a capacity crunch Total mobile traffic (EB per year) 140.00 Total mobile traffic in 2020 120.00 x33 compared to 2010 100.00 Yearly traffic in EB Europe 80.00 Americas Asia 60.00 Capacity Rest of the world W orld 40.00 20.00 - 2010 2015 2020 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 7 Source: IDATE This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 8. Traffic diversity: mobile data traffic is NOT uniform Geography Subscribers Time of day Devices Location Applications Source: Senza Fili Consulting Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 8 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 9. Smart digital home: starting point Price decrase Vs Added Value Services & Customization Innnovation Global Solutions SIP Flexibility Technical Support Very High Throughput Enabling Middleware more advanced services Open Software & SDK FTTH Local Connectivity 3.0 & Device Management Tungsten Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 9 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 10. Smart digital home: towards Internet of Thing (IoT) High Indoor Demand •Ubiquitous •Seamless Connectivity •User Centric •Ambient Intelligence •Social Network •Sustainable •Heterogeneous Traffic Micro- generation Comfort FMC & Multimedia Security WiFi ))) Ethernet Energy 3G/LTE Health ADSL, FTTH, 0 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 10 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 11. Need of higher frequency reuse to close the gap Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 11 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 12. Heterogeneous Network & Small Cells Emergence COVERAGE ERA CAPACITY ERA HetNet & Small Cells bring the capacity where and when it is needed • LTE / LTE-A natively supports this evolution from coverage to capacity • In 3GPP point of view, Picocells & Femtocells are Small Cells Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 12 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 13. LTE Market Status Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 13 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 14. HSPA Networks: 380 commercial systems Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 14 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 15. Global UMTS subscriber growth forecast HSPA+ will still play an active role in near future, both as migration and complementary to LTE Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 15 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 16. Investing in LTE: 237 Operators in 85 Countries 26 Commercial LTE NW launched 161 LTE User Devices (July 2011) 174 Commercial LTE Commitments in 64 countries 63 additional pre-commitment trials 93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in Commercial service by end of 2012! Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 16 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 17. LTE operator commitments faster than HSPA Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 17 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 18. LTE ecosystem is maturing fast Smart Phones M-Tablets DSL-Routers + USB dongles + netbooks, etc… Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 18 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 19. Worldwide mobile broadband spectrum FDD: 2x70MHz FDD: 2x35MHz TDD: 50MHz China Mobile Genius Brand CSL Ltd AWS … TeliaSonera Vodafone Hong-Kong Major TD-LTE Market O2 (incl. India) … Verizon AT&T metroPCS NTT DoCoMo Digital Dividend Refarming and extensions are still to come… Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 19 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 20. LTE roll-out worldwide vs. Spectrum band fragmentation Source:Huawei Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum is a critical problem “we are unlikely to see a 'world' device in a handset form-factor soon” Wireless Intelligence Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 20 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 21. TD-LTE is gaining momentum Strong Ecosystem growing fast… Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 21 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 22. LTE royalty level: Need for patent pool facilitation? 14.8% LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO 4076 declarations (March 2011) Critical constraint for Femtocells is COST EFFICIENCY!! Source: Sisvel Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 22 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 23. LTE & 4G patents $12.5 billion 6000+ patents 24000+ patents $4.5 billion WHO’s NEXT?… $2.6 billion $340 Million $770 Million Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business… Especially in Vertical Markets! Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 23 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 24. Femtocell Market Status Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 24 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 25. Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators (1.99billion subscribers, 34%) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 25 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 26. Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology Providers The ecosystem is now mature enough 4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 26 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 27. Femtocell market status 36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries, 15 Roll-out commitments in 2012 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 27 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 28. Key Findings: Global femtocell survey 6,100 consumers in 6 countries Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 28 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 29. Mobile Phone/Service Problems: Churn reduction Femtocells are seen (initially) as a solution to decrease the Resulting Churn Rate!! 42% churn reduction Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 29 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 30. Residential Macro Data Offload Offload via Wi-Fi and/or Femtocell On average, more than 70% of traffic can still be offloaded ! Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 30 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 31. Femto Forum Priorities for 2012 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 31 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 32. 3GPP LTE Femtocell Technology Overview Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 32 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 33. 3GPP Structure Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 33 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 34. 3GPP Liaisons Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 34 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 35. Bandwidth & Duplexing modes (Rel.8/9) And HALF-DUPLEX!!! Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 35 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 36. Architecture (Rel.10) S1 S1 S1 S1 S5 S1 S1 S1 S1 X2 X2 3GPP Rel.10 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 36 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 37. 3 options to connect the HeNB to the core network (EPC) [1] [2] [3] Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 37 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 38. HeNB Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) process Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 38 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 39. Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (1/2) • Frequency domain solution • Data channel protection • Indicators exchange through X2 • macro / pico • Uplink interference management • High Interference Indicator (HII) • eNB sends 1 bit per resource block (RB) − Indicate Cell-edge user on this resource − Informed neighbours will avoid these RB at cell-edge • Proactive process • Overload Indicator (OI) • eNB reports the level of interference received − Low, Medium, High Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 39 • Reactive process This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 40. Rel.8/9 - Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) (2/2) • Downlink interference management • Relative Narrowband Transmit Power (RNTP) Indicator • eNB advertises Tx power per RB • Proactive process • Enables (dynamic) frequency partitioning Hard Frequency Reuse Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) Soft-Frequency Reuse (SFR) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 40 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 41. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (1/4) • Specifically targets Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) • Small Cells • Time domain solution • Control channel protection • Information exchange through X2 • macro/pico or OAM configuration • macro/pico/femto • Focus only on Non-Carrier Aggregation (CA) scenarios Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 41 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 42. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (2/4) • Downlink power control • Targets femtocell • Power is adjusted based on surrounding • Measurements performed by the femtocell − DL & UL • Need of one Network Listen Module (NLM) − Not specified − But always required by Operators Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 42 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 43. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (3/4) • Almost Blank Subframe (ABS) • During defined subframes, the Aggressor cell does not transmit its (control + data) channels to protect a Victim cell • ABS pattern transmitted via X2 (dynamic) for macro/pico • Macro/Pico → Aggressor/Victim normal F e m to ABS F e m to or via OAM (semi-static) for macro/femto • Macro/Femto → Victim/Aggressor M a c ro M a c ro Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 43 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 44. Rel.10 - enhanced ICIC (eICIC) (4/4) • Cell Range Extension (CRE) • Through broadcasted information (handover/camp bias) UEs stay connected to picocells with low SINR (hotspot) • Requires advanced UE receiver for interference cancellation Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 44 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 45. Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (1/2) • further enhanced ICIC (feICIC) for non-CA based deployment • Some proposals under discussion: • At the transmitter side in DL − Combination of ABS + power reduction • At the receiver side in DL − Use of advanced UE receiver (cancellation/discard of known signals such as CRS …) • ICIC for CA based deployment • In CA deployment, several cells/ component carriers (CCs) are aggregated • Up to 5 CCs (100MHz maximum bandwidth) • Cross scheduling among the CCs is possible Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 45 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 46. Rel.11 - ICIC still in discussion (2/2) • ICIC for CA based deployment • For each Rel.10+ UE, • One Primary Cell (PCell) is assigned among the pool of cells − Carrying control information • The rest of the cells are seen as Secondary Cells (SCells) − Carrying data • PCell/SCell selection is under discussion Macro UE A Macro UE B Pico UE • Control signaling on f 1 and/or f 2 • Control signaling on f 1 • Control signaling on f 2 • Data on f 1 and/or f 2 • Data on f 1 and/or f 2 • Data on f 1 and/or f 2 Pico Macro f1 f1 f2 f2 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 46 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 47. LTE Self-Organizing Network (SON) features S1/X2 configuration Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 47 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 48. SON progress status w.r.t 3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 48 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 49. Support for Self-Configuration & Self-Optimization • Self-Configuration Process • Basic Set-up • Automatic Registration of nodes in the system • Initial Radio Configuration • Self-Optimization Process • UE & eNB measurements and performance measurements are used to auto-tune the network Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 49 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 50. LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access (LIPA) Femto Femto Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 50 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 51. LTE-Advanced: Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO) SIPTO Traffic • Service Continuity will be CN solved in Rel.11 L-PGW MME RAN • between eNBs S5 S11 S1-U S5 • between HeNBs eNB S-GW P-GW • between eNB and HeNB UE CN Traffic Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 51 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 52. 3GPP Rel.7: IP Flow Mobility but NO Seamless Offload • Rel.7 introduced 3G/Wi-Fi interworking architecture • But NO Guarantee of Seamless HO • 3G ↔ Wi-Fi based on Application level Switch • IP address change • Key question is: • HOW to select the traffic IP Flow from operator’s point of view to stay in Cellular or switch to Wi-Fi? Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 52 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 53. 3GPP Rel.8: DSMIP based IP Flow mobility SEAMLESS! • Thanks to Dual Stack Mobile IP (DSMIP), IP address is maintained • Seamless transition (Make-before-break) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 53 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 54. LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload (IFOM) • IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload • Carry (simultaneously) some of UE’s traffic over Wi-Fi to offload Femto Access Individual flows belonging to the same PDN IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 54 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 55. Flow management: To summarize… LTE Source: Qualcomm Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 55 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 56. Mobility management for femtocell (X2 interface) • Rel.9 • No X2 interface (S1 mobility) • Rel.10 • X2 HeNB-HeNB with open target or same CSG-ID (no access control) • Rel-11 • Study Item (SI) ongoing on extension to HeNB-eNB and remaining HeNB- HeNB scenarios (cf. 3GPP TR 37.803), (use of X2-proxy?) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 56 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 57. Machine-to-Machine M2M Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 57 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 58. Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT) Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 58 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 59. Vertical markets in LTE M2M Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 59 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 60. Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 60 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 61. Verizon LTE Innovation Center LTE Connected Car Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth) Bicycle LiveEdge.TV Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 61 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 62. High Level (simplified) M2M Architecture Capillary Network Operator platform M2M Gateway Client Application Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 62 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 63. ETSI TC M2M links with other ETSI TCs ETSI RRS ETSI ATTM ETSI DECT ETSI SCP Capillary Access Networks Service Platform ETSI ERM ETSI TISPAN wireless Wide Area Network M2M Gateway IP Network wireline Application ETSI ITS ETSI e-Health ETSI PLT Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 63 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 64. ETSI M2M links with ecosystem EPCGlobal ISO/IEC JTC1 GS1 UWSN ESMIG Metering IUT-T Utilities HGI NGN CEN CENELEC Home Gateway Metering Smart Metering Smart Metering Capillary Initiative Access networks OASIS Service Platform W3C WOSA wireless Wide Area Network IETF 6LowPAN M2M Gateway KNX IPSO Phy-Mac Over IPV6 IPV6 IP Network Hardware and W-Mbus Protocols IETF ROLL Routing over Low Power Lossy Networks wireline IEEE ZCL 802.xx.x Application ZigBee Alliance. ZB Application Profiles OMA GSMA 3GPP SCAG,… SA1, SA3, ,… Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 64 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 65. ETSI TC M2M Use Cases TR 102 692 TR 102 732 TR 102 857 TR 102 898 TR 102 897 Smart eHealth Connected Automotive City Metering consumer automation PUBLISHED TS 102 689 Stage 1 M2M Service Requirements PUBLISHED TR 1xx xxx TR 102 725 Interworking M2M with M2M Area TS 102 690 Definitions Networks Stage 2 M2M Functional Architecture TR 102 935 TR 101 531 TR 102 167 Smart Grid TS 102 921 Re-use of 3GPP Threat analysis and Stage 3 nodes by M2MSC counter measures impacts on M2M Communications; mIa, dIa and mId interfaces layer to M2M service M2M layer European Commission mandates (CEN, CENELEC, ETSI) •M/441: Smart metering (ongoing) •M/468: Electrical vehicles chargers (ongoing) •M/490: Smart grid (Launched 1st March 2011) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 65 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 66. 3GPP Machine-Type Communications (MTC) Architecture (High Level) MTCsms MTC 3GPP Server PLMN - MTCu 3GPP bearer services / MTC MTC Server Device SMS / IMS IWK Function MTC Server MTCi MTCu: It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface. MTCi: It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi, and Wi interface. MTCsms: It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS. Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 66 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 67. MTC in 3GPP Current discussion on low cost MTC device evaluation (traffic model, comparison with GPRS, …) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 67 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 68. M2M ecosystem’s jungle Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 68 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 69. GSC M2M standardization task force: Toward an M2M-PP? Source: Numerex Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 69 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 70. Next Generation Small Cell Small Intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXCTM) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 70 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 71. Fixed/Mobile Convergence Source: BT Wholesale It is necessary to propose integrated Architectures taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems (e.g. 3G, LTE, Wi-Fi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 71 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 72. Fixed/Mobile Convergence 3GPP Rel.11 • Workshop organized between 3GPP and Broadband Forum (BBF) • Set of Requirements (BBF WT-203) • Several 3GPP Working Groups will focus during Rel.11 onto • Requirements • Architecture • Security • OAM Building Block I Building Block II Building Block III •Mobility • Policy & QoS • Architecture for NW •Authentication •HeNB + Offload based mobility with •Policy & QoS •WLAN + Offload trusted BBF access •HeNB EPC • Further convergence between 3GPP & •WLAN EPC Fixed NW •IFOM • Policy & QoS •LIPA/SIPTO for interworking HeNB with Static QoS 3GPP/BBF Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 72 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 73. 3GPP multi-RAT interworking: I-WLAN (Rel.6) for Wi-Fi • Advantages • Access to AAA 3GPP service • Access PDG/PDN-GW core infrastructure • Automatic Wi-Fi user Authentication based on Cellular Subscriber ID information contained into the device • Disadvantages • No session continuity to/from 3G/LTE and Wi-Fi • Local Offload is not supported • Requires IPSec tunnelling from wireless device to PDG AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 73 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 74. 3GPP multi-RAT interworking: untrusted network (Rel.8) S2 interface: S2a: trusted S2b: untrusted (need of ePDG) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 74 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 75. 3GPP multi-RAT interworking: Several work items currently running Acronym Title Release Comment Multiple Connections to the same PDN for PMIP MUPSAP Rel.9 Interfaces Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity and IP flow spun-off in MAPIM Rel.9 Mobility IFOM/MAPCON IFOM IP Flow Mobility and seamless WLAN Offload Rel.10 MAPCON Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity Rel.10 SMOG S2b MObility based on GTP Rel.10 GTP based S2b Mobility SaMOG S2a mobility based on GTP & WLAN access to EPC Rel.11 GTP based S2a Mobility ISRP introduction to ANDSF Access Network Discovery & Selection Function Rel.10 accommodate MAPCON/IFOM eANDSF enhanced ANDSF Rel.11 OPIIS Operator Policies for IP Interface Selection Rel.11 DIDA Data Identification in ANDSF Rel.11 LOBSTER Location Based Selection of gateways for WLAN Rel.11 BBAI Broadband Access Interworking Rel.11 VINE Voice Interworking with Enterprise IP-PBX Rel.11 Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 75 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 76. Hotspot 2.0: Next Generation Hotspot (Wi-Fi Alliance) Enhancing Wi-Fi to be more ‘Cellular’ Built directly Built directly into device into device Source: Cisco Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers: Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 76 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 77. Hotspot 2.0: Next Generation Hotspot (Wi-Fi Alliance) HS 2.0- HS 2.0- Hotspot 2.0-Spec 1 (PRIORITY) Spec 2 Spec 3 Out-of-scope4 Network Rogue Air EAP-SIM, Operator Secure Session Operator Discovery Prevention Interface AKA,TLS, Policy Online Persistence Traffic & Selection Encryption FAST (Traffic Sign-up Management2 Steering) Hotspot 2.0 WISPR 1.01 WISPR 2.01 Vendor-specific (e.g. iPass, Devicescape, etc.) Mobile IP 3 3 I-WLAN Notes: Source: Cisco (1) IPR issues (2) Operator Traffic Management is the ability for the operator to take back operator-offered applications (e.g. mobile television) seurely back its data center using an encryupted tunnel when device is using an un-trusted (i.e. non-802.1x) Hotspot. All of the other applications get local break-out. I (3) All traffic gets back-hauled to mobile operator in a VPN tunnel (4) Out-of-scope. The SIG may disband rather than make a recommendation in this area, since there already other industry bodies working here Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 77 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 78. Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA) goals Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™ Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 78 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 79. Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN): LTE Backhaul Source: Ericsson Traffic Volume: X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1 IPSec +14% GTP/MIP overhead ~10% LTE Small Cells deployment will change rules for Backhaul provisioning Need for more research Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…) Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 79 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 80. TV White Space (TVWS) for backhaul Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 80 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 81. LTE in TVWS Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 81 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 82. End-to-End (E2E) LTE QoS - Challenges Source: Continuous Computing Challenges for future Small Cells • Increase robustness to Backhaul Heterogeneity & Variability • QoS policies (PCRF) more coordinated with Air interface Scheduling • Difficulties to handle multiple QoS mapping with IP Flow Management • Inter-RAT E2E QoS Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 82 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 83. Conclusions Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 83 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
  • 84. • HetNets & Small Cells bring a viable solution to the capacity crunch • Based on current work items/study items for LTE/LTE-A, 3GPP embraces this trend and put a major effort on it • Convergence cellular technology / WLAN is a reality both in 3GPP and Wireless Broadband Alliance worlds • Many tools are provided to mobile operators (LIPA, SIPTO, IFOM, …) to optimise their spectrum (radio access) • With the increase of small cells, backhauling must be carefully taken to considerations (optical, wireless, …) • Small cells and M2M represent great opportunities to strengthen European industry position in the fields of Future Internet technologies, mobile and wireless broadband systems, optical networks, and network management technologies. Tutorial Telecom ParisTech 01.02.2012 | SCET/URD1/Femtocell | Small Cells in LTE / LTE-Advanced | © Sagemcom 84 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization