Femto/Small cells, industry status...LTE and Beyond

WINTER SCHOOL

BeFEMTO
Broadband evolved FEMTO Networks

Call FP7-ICT-2009-4
Proposal No: 248523

The industry status around
Femto/Small cells…LTE & Beyond

Dr. Thierry Lestable
Technology & Innovation Manager
CTO group - SAGEMCOM SAS
Paris, France
Copyright © 2011 BeFEMTO– Broadband Evolved FEMTO Network. All Rights reserved.
BeFEMTO – Freedom Winter School, Barcelona, 6 Feb. 2012 http://www.ict-befemto.eu/
T.Lestable – FP7 BeFEMTO 1

Disclaimer

Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party
copyrighted material is reused within this
brief tutorial under the ‘fair use’ approach,
for sake of educational purpose only, and
very limited edition.
As a consequence, the current slide set
presentation usage is restricted, and is falling
under usual copyright usage.
Thanks for your understanding!

BeFEMTO – Freedom Winter School, Barcelona, 6 Feb. 2012 T.Lestable – FP7 BeFEMTO 2

Outline

Rationale behind BeFEMTO Project…
BeFEMTO Consortium, Objectives & challenges…
Structure of the project
BeFEMTO position/Market status & timeline
Business Model highlights
Beyond BeFEMTO & Femtocells: SiXC™ challenges
Conclusions & Way-Forward


Rationale behind BeFEMTO
project…and Next Generation Femtos


Mobile Broadband (MBB) Experience

Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work

Traffic Generated

= 24 x = 515 x
= 122 x

Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011

Different behaviours / groups


Smartphone use during morning in bed


Smartphone use during the day


Main trends and drivers
The dramatic growth of mobile data traffic
Source:IDATE
UK mobile data traffic growth AT&T traffic evolution

Source: Ofcom
Source: AT&T
Mobile data traffic evolution (TB per million inhabitants per
month) in some European countries
Daily traffic consumption in Europe

Source: Sandvine
Source: ECC PT1


Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020:
Worlwide

Total mobile traffic
Total worldwide mobile traffic will reach more than 127 EB in 2020,
representing an 33 times increase compared with 2010 figure.
Total mobile traffic (EB per year)

140.00

120.00

100.00
Yearly traffic in EB

Europe
80.00 Americas
Asia
60.00 Rest of the world
W orld
40.00

20.00

-
2010 2015 2020

Source: IDATE Exabyte = 10^18


Exploding MBB Traffic Device Heterogeneity

COVERAGE ERA

Capacity

CAPACITY ERA

HetNets
are the
solution
Application Heterogeneity

Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011

Prioritize solutions
Small Cells/Hybrid HetNets

+ HetNets


HetNets – Densify + Combine !


Visual Communication – Mass Market

Source: Ericsson


Network of Networks, Internet of
Things (IoT)

Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston


BeFEMTO’s Vision

Data Traffic:
40% @Home
35% On the Move
25% Work

Truly Broadband Radio Access Technologies
Major focus is on autonomously self-optimizing and self-managing femto


Smart Digital Home:
starting point

Innnovation Global Solutions

Flexibility Technical Support

Tungsten


Smart digital home: towards
Internet of Thing (IoT)
High Indoor Demand
•Ubiquitous
•Seamless Connectivity
•User Centric
•Ambient Intelligence
•Social Network
•Sustainable
•Heterogeneous Traffic

Micro-
generation Comfort

FMC & Multimedia

Security

WiFi
)))
Ethernet

Energy
3G/LTE
Health

ADSL, FTTH, (


Mobile Phone/Service Problems:
Churn reduction

Femtocells are seen (initially)
as a solution to decrease the
Resulting Churn Rate!!

42% churn reduction

Similarly, beneficial to Customer
Acquisition…

© 2011 Park Associates


Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !

Key Findings
Global Femtocell Survey

6,100 consumers in 6 countries

Not yet fully exploited by current Commercial Offers!!

BeFEMTO Consortium, Objectives &
Challenges


BeFEMTO Consortium
Sagemcom: Project Manager
NEC: Technical Manager Duration: Jan. 2010 – Jun. 2012 (30 Months)
Consortium: 12
Countries: 6
FI Industrial (Operator): DOCOMO, PTC,
UOULU
TID
Industrial (Manufacturer): NEC, SC, QC
SME: TTI, mimoOn
GB DE PL
NEC,UNIS DOCOMO, PTC Research Centres: CTTC, CEA
QC, mimoOn

FR Higher Education: UOULU, UNIS
SC,CEA

Advisory Board: 7
ES
CTTC,
Femto Forum, Ofcom, ETSI, UKE, ECO,
TID,TTI
ANFR, IDATE


Advisory Board Members

Regulatory Organizations Industry Group

Ofcom (UK) Femto Forum

UKE (PL)
Market Research Consulting
(IDATE)
ANFR (FR) IDATE (FR)

ECO European Standard Organization
(ESO)
ETSI


BeFEMTO Objectives & Approach

Overall Goal
To research & develop evolved LTE-A based femtocell technologies that accelerate cost-effective
provision of ubiquitous broadband services by convergence b/w fixed and wireless broadband

Approach
Near-term solutions: Novel techniques for standalone femtocells for early deployment
Long-term solutions: Novel concepts of networked femtocells, fixed outdoor relay femtocells
for enhancing cell-edge capacity, and mobile femtocells in public transport, all with SON
capabilities for minimising OPEX and simplifying remote network management
Validation: Through 4 experimental testbeds, mathematical analysis, and simulation tools

Objectives
High Spectral Efficiency: 8 bits/s/Hz/cell
Maximum Mean Transmit Power: 10 mW
Support infrastructure and spectrum sharing
Enabling new services for home, enterprise and mobile (transportation) environments.
New and novel use of femto technology in outdoor environments


BeFEMTO Challenges

Challenging working areas with potential for collaboration:
RF Signal Processing
efficient, low-cost power amplifiers, highly sensitive receivers, flexible channel bandwidth, reliable RF
filters, …
Interference Management
coping with unplanned rollouts, macro-femto-coordination, coverage estimation, interference
cancellation, …
Link and Access Management
handover, admission control, resource management (s.a. load balancing and flow control), …
Network Management and Architecture
access control, authentication, local breakout, efficient forwarding, seamless mobility, zero-config, …
Backhaul Issues
wired or wireless backhaul, reducing signaling load, QoS provisioning and traffic priorization, …
Low Cost and Low Power Implementation
e.g. maintaining both coverage and capacity at very low transmit power
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation and Sharing
multi-operator band sharing, flexible bandwidth allocation, backhaul sharing, …


Work Package Structure


Real-World Technology 4 Test-Beds

Interference Management for LTE-Radio Routing in Networks of Femtocells
Iu-h interface

Tektronix G35
Emulator

Iub interface

Uu interface

User
Equipment Siemens NB8860
Node B

EXTREME Control &
Measurement System

Automatic Fault Diagnosis EXTREME Control Network

Multi-Radio Interference Analysis


Year 1 (2010) - Achievements
Use cases, scenarios & innovative services

RF Front End

Femto
Node

BeFEMTO System Architecture Testbed: Mesh Femto Network
Business Models

BeFEMTO Theoretical Investigations
EPS Architecture
3GPP EPS Architecture
LFGW Node HeNB Node
Architecture Architecture
Fixed Broadband Access
Architecture (e.g. TISPAN or BBF)
BeFEMTO
Transport Architecture

Performances assessment
Innovative Algorithms Design Evaluation Methodology & Calibration
1,0 Testbed: LTE Standalone
0,9 CEA
DOCOMO
0,8
Sagemcom
0,7 UOLU
0,6 UniS
CDF

0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2

0,1
0,0
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

G-factor (dB)


Expected Impacts

Impact on Technical Field: Impact on Standards and Regulation
Boost of Spectrum Efficiency, 3GPP, FemtoForum, BroadbandForum
Reduced Cost per Bit Harmonization of European Regulation
Early Migration to LTE-A
Enabler for Green Radio
Cooperative Networked Femtocells Impact on Quality of Life
Mobile Femtocells ubiquitous access to mobile broadband
services
ease-of-use
Strategic Impact reduction in electro-magnetic radiation
CAPEX savings through convergence,
OPEX savings through self-*
wide availability of broadband services Impact on Next Generation Networks
new service opportunities and Service Infrastructures
reinforcing European leadership low-cost provisioning of broadband wireless
access and services
indoor+outdoor, fixed+mobile, short- and
long-range


BeFEMTO Positioning w.r.t Femtocell
Market status & LTE ecosystem


BeFEMTO & Femto Forum

7 Partners are members of Femto Forum

Prof. Simon Saunders (Femto Forum chairman)
is member of our Advisory Board
was Keynote Speaker within our FuNEMS’11 Workshop (co-organized
with Freedom project)

Dr. Prabhakar Chitrapu (InterDigital)
Femto Forum WG3 Vice-Chair, leading the Femto/WiFi interworking task
Is Keynote speaker Today during Winter School


Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators
(1.99billion subscribers, 34%)


Femtocell ecosystem: 69
Technology Providers

The ecosystem is now mature enough
4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012


Femtocell market status

36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries,
15 Roll-out commitments in 2012


Femtocells Competitive Markets

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media


Femtos AP Forecast - 2014

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media


BeFEMTO / Femto Forum Priorities for
2011

All these aspects are somehow covered in BeFEMTO.


Investing in LTE: 285 Operators in 93
Countries

49 Commercial LTE NW launched
161 LTE User Devices
(Jan 2012)

226 Commercial LTE Commitments in 76 countries
59 additional pre-commitment trials

93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in
Commercial service by end of 2012!


Worldwide mobile broadband
spectrum – Major bands

FDD: 2x70MHz FDD: 2x35MHz
TDD: 50MHz
China Mobile
Genius Brand
CSL Ltd
AWS …
TeliaSonera
Vodafone Hong-Kong Major TD-LTE Market
O2 (incl. India)
…
Verizon
AT&T
metroPCS
NTT DoCoMo

Refarming and extensions are still to come…
Digital Dividend
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is a critical problem!


LTE roll-out worldwide vs.
Spectrum band fragmentation

Source:Huawei

Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is a critical problem

“we are unlikely to see a 'world' device
in a handset form-factor soon”
Wireless Intelligence


Frequency usage by Region

Lot of Fragmentation outside Europe & US….


Dig deeper…


Spectrum auction bidding

Oct. 2011


LTE – 1800 MHz band


LTE 1800 - Deployments scenarios


LTE 1800 Market status

41 LTE 1800 Devices available
(Nov. 2011)


TD-LTE is gaining momentum
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…

TD-LTE is considered within BeFEMTO as a potential solution for Femtocells.
e.g. TD-LTE Overlay within FDD Uplink (UOULU).


LTE Deployment

Time-window opportunity
For new markets!

BeFEMTO Project Timeline is well aligned: Not too early nor too late.
(drafting of proposal was back to late 2008/early 2009!)


BeFEMTO Influence & Roadmap

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
BeFEMTO
Project Prototyping
Timeline

Completion
of 3GPP
Releases Rel-9 Rel-10 Rel-11 Rel-12
Expected to be aligned
with IMT-Advanced
IOT,
Certification
Trials

Time to
Market


LTE Operator Commitments
Faster than HSPA


LTE Devices Shipment (thousand)

Around 250 Million LTE Devices shipment by 2015 worldwide
=
15% of all Mobile devices!


LTE subscribers Forecast
(thousands)

By 2015, Around 379 Million LTE subscribers Worldwide

#1


LTE Device revenues – Forecast
(Million EUR)

From 3.5 Billion EUR in 2011, till 28.4 Billion in 2015


LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!
Smart Phones

M-Tablets

DSL-Routers

+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…

LTE Devices Form Factor - 2011

Oct. 2011


LTE Devices Form Factor - 2012

Jan. 2012

36% increase in LTE devices in 3 months !
+200 LTE user devices launched in 2011
LTE Smart Phones: X 6 in 6 months !
LTE-enabled Tablets: more than doubled in 6 Months !


LTE Devices Form factor Forecast


LTE Smart phones


LTE Devices in AWS band


MiFi – LTE : Technology Providers


MiFi – LTE Commercial status (3
Operators / 5 Devices)

LG Buffalo
SCH-LC11 MiFi 4510L Elevate 4G Xi L-09C Xi BF-01C

BRANDED Sierra Wireless
Aircard 754S

LTE @2.1GHz LTE @2.1GHz

Available now as pre-booking


LTE M2M Gateway

Upgradeable solution LTE M2M Gateway
from Airlink GX400 GX440

Available H2 2011

Should be sold by
Verizon Wireless


HSPA Networks: 380 Commercial
systems


Global UMTS Subscriber Growth Forecast

HSPA+ will still play an active role
In near future, both as migration
and complementary to LTE.

In BeFEMTO, Multi-Radio is
also investigated,
Together with some Testbeds.


Total Mobile Market trends in 2016


LTE Roll-out in the Americas

North America Latin America
USA Columbia @2.5GHz
• Sept. 2010 • H2 2011: 3 or 4 cities
• Dec. 2010
• H2 2011 Trials
• 2012: • Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Dominican
Repulic, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru,
Uruguay
Canada
• July 2011
• Ottawa
• Fall 2011
• Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization

LTE Roll-Out USA

Verizon, metroPCS, ATT &
LightSquared


Service Data % of
Q1 2010 Carrier
Subscribers
(millions)
Net Adds
(millions)
Churn (Avg
Monthly)
Revenue Service ARPU
(US$ millions) Revenue

1
Verizon
Wireless 92.801 1.548 1.40% $13,845 33.3% $50.15

2
AT&T 86.987 1.857 1.30% $12,850 32.1% $49.81

3
Sprint Nextel* 47.818 -0.082 3.03% $6,432 35.3% $48.14

4
T-Mobile USA 33.713 -0.077 3.10% $4,578 24.1% $45.22

5
MetroPCS 7.331 0.692 3.70% $853 n/a $39.83

6
US Cellular 6.147 0.006 1.91% $965 20.9% $52.42

7
Leap Wireless 5.400 0.446 4.5% $585 n/a $37.96

8
Clearwire 0.971 0.283 3.0% $107 100.0% $42.77

9
Cincinnati Bell 0.523 -0.010 3.3% $69 24.4% $43.42

10
Ntelos 0.445 0.007 3.1% $96 21.1% $51.25


Top 4 US Operators light
comparison


Verizon Wireless – LTE Coverage
Map

@700 MHz


Verizon LTE Deal

RAN

EPC

IMS


‘4G’ WiMAX – Sprint Coverage
Map
@2.5GHz

‘4G’/WiMAX Coverage

3G Data Coverage


4G-LTE Verizon Innovation

Smart phones M-Tablets

Droid charge Thunderbolt Revolution Xoom Galaxy Tab

MiFi Dongles

UML 290 VL 600
SCH-LC11 Verizon MiFi 4510L 551L


Verizon Cellular Timeline /
Milestones


metroPCS

5th largest US Carrier

LTE Vendor partners Market Status
- Launch: Sept. 2010 in Las Vegas
- Devices
- Infrastructure - 14 Core Markets
- 2 LTE Handsets

4G LTE Coverage Map – July 2011

metroPCS coverage (ALL technos)


AT&T

- Launched its LTE Service in 2011 - 2 first LTE Products: Summer 2011
- Summer 2011: Atlanta, Chicago,
Dallas, Houston & San-Antonio - USB Dongle ‘Momentum 4G’
- 10 more cities by end 2011
- 75 Million POPs by end of 2011
- NW Completed by 2013

- MiFi ‘Elevate 4G’


ATT Coverage map (Warning 4G =
HSPA+)

Chicago

Atlanta
Dallas

San-Antonio
Houston


AT&T LTE Deal

RAN

EPC

IMS


Verizon & metroPCS driving the
LTE innovation / SmartPhones

March 2011

HTC LG Motorola Samsung Samsung Samsung
Thunderbolt VS910 Revolution Droid Bionic Droid Charge SCH-i520 Craft SCH-R900 Galaxy S SCH-R910 Indulge
Date May 2011 Cancellation Rumors!! 28 April 2011 October 2010 Q1 2011

View

Operators

Radio Access LTE @700MHz ( band C) LTE @700MHz ( band C) LTE @700MHz ( band C) LTE @700MHz ( band C) LTE AWS (1700/2100MHz) LTE AWS
EVDO Rev.A (1900MHz) EVDO Rev.A EVDO Rev.A EVDO Rev.A EVDO Rev.A EVDO Rev.A


VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline

Early Adopters General Market

craft
revolution

2011: TRIALS 2011: CSFB

2012: COMMERCIAL 2012: TRIALS
SRVCC
2013: COMMERCIAL

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage
and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009


Aloha partners HiWire for Mobile TV
(DVB-H), rival of Qualcomm MediaFLO

Terminated in 2010 Terminated in 2007

Terminated in 2007


Lightsquared: driving LTE
Wholesale

Lightsquared partners
Wholesale business - infrastructure

model ($7 Billion over 8-years)

- Chipsets
L-Band LTE
+
Enhanced Geostationary Air
Link
(EGAL)
+ MDM9600
- Devices

July 2011: Lightsquared will pay $9Billion over 11 years to Sprint for
Managing the LTE Network. Savings up to $13Billion!


Lightsquared LTE Deployment
plan

2011:
Trials: Baltimore, Denver, Las-Vegas and Phoenix
9 US Markets targetted by end of 2011
E.g.: Chicago, Dallas, Minneapolis…
2012: 20 US Markets (+11)
E.g.: Los-Angeles, NYC, San-Francisco..


Net America Alliance

Mission Partners:
- Delivering 4G LTE Services in - infrastructure
Rural America!
- Gathering Independent Local
Exchange Carriers (ILEC) that own
700MHz, or AWS spectrum
Tier 3 purchasing power

Objectives/Advantages:
- buying power, nationwide
branding, marketing and training
programs, a fully staffed network
operations center, core networking
elements, applications development
and negotiated nationwide roaming
agreements.

And many others….


Canada


Canadian LTE

WARNING: 700MHz band still not auctionned! (maybe in 2012! With 2.6GHz)

- AWS Spectrum (DL: 2.1GHz / UL: 1.7GHz)
- roll-out early 2012
July 2011 - Urban cities
Ottawa - shares national HSPA+ network with Bell
Fall 2011 Canada!
Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal
Owns HSPA+ - LTE Trials

- HSPA+
- Canadian Cable Operator
- Will spend $100 M in 2011 for building
LTE Network
- Launch ‘late’ 2011/2012 in AWS spectrum


Canadian LTE (Sept. 2011):
ROGERS pre-booking

- Samsung Galaxy S II LTE
- (same as Verizon)

- MiFi Sierra Wireless
- (same as AT&T)

http://www.rogerslte.com/french/new-lte-devices/smartphone-and-tablet

HSPA+ devices (example) simple HSPA+ Hub (15 WiFi)

LTE version likely to be of interest to ROGERS!


ROGERS Smart Home


LTE Innovation Centers

US Operators pushing for ‘Open
Innovation’:
Accelerating the ROI


LTE Roll-out: Need for faster ROI
Innovation Centers Momentum

Verizon Innovation Center LightSquared Innovation
‘Sandbox’

Mountain View, CA

3 ATT Foundry Innovation centers
($70M)
Plano, Texas

Silicon Valley, CA
Israel


Verizon LTE Innovation Center

LTE Connected Car Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)

Bicycle LiveEdge.TV


LTE Patents issues…


LTE Royalty Level: Need for
Patent Pool facilitation?
LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO
4076 declarations (March 2011)

14.8%

Critical constraint
for Femtocells
is
COST EFFICIENCY!!

© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)


LTE & 4G patents

$12.5 billion

6000+ patents
24000+ patents

$4.5 billion

WHO’s NEXT?…
$2.6 billion

$340 Million $770 Million

Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
Especially in Vertical Markets!


BeFEMTO Business Model –
Results Samples


BeFEMTO’s Vision

Truly Broadband Radio Access Technologies
Major focus is on autonomously self-optimizing and self-managing femto


Use cases & New services
Broadband Everywhere eHealth service

Femto Node
Femto Node

Localization services
My Home moves with Me
shopping center

Child terminal

Where is my
child ?!

Access
Access
Network
Network


Rich Communication Suite (RCS)

Source: Orange


Mobile Femto (1/2)

Public Transports

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
&
infotainment

Kids VoD Music & Video
Streaming
News, social Net
Videos, music, sport OS,
touchscreen user interface
Media players…

LTE radio


Mobile Femto (2/2)
350KEuros per coach!!


Business Model

50£ one off
180$ one off
+5£/month
5$/month +1.5$/month

10$/month
250$ one
off

free of charge

159$ one off

32$/month

100€ one off
+8€ /month 15€/month
10€/month 199€ one off 255$ one off
+42$/month

In BeFEMTO, four business cases are investigated:
- One off fee: the user pays 50€ once, and the monthly payment does not change (35€/month)
- No fee: the user does not pay for the femtocell, and the monthly payment does not change (35€/month)
- Decrease: the user does not pay for the femtocell, and the monthly payment decreases by 5€ to 30€/month
- Increase: the user does not pay for the femtocell, and the monthly payment increases by 5€ to 40€/month

[1]: No in-building coverage

RC RCM
0
0
R: Residential
C: Corporate -20
M: Mobile -20
O: Outdoor Mobile Femtos
-40
-40 (Public Transports)
K€

K€
-60 -60
Offer: 1 Offer: 1
Offer: 2 Offer: 2
-80 -80
Offer: 3 Offer: 3
Offer: 4 Offer: 4
-100 -100
2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Years Years

RCO RCMO

50
50
Mobile & Metro
Outdoor/Metro Femtos combined
Femtos 0 0
K€

K€
-50 -50 Offer: 1
Offer: 1
Offer: 2 Offer: 2
Offer: 3 Offer: 3
-100 Offer: 4 -100 Offer: 4

2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Years Years

Rolling-out Outdoor & Mobile Femtos is clearly beneficial for the Operator.


[1]: No Residential nor corporate
Femtos

No Residential/Corporate Femto users
R: Residential 60
C: Corporate
M: Mobile Benefit of
O: Outdoor Metro/Outdoor
40 &
Mobile
Femtos

20

0

-20
K€

-40

-60

-80

RC
-100 RCM
RCO
RCMO
-120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Years


[2]: in-building Femtos deployed
Offer 1 Offer 2

RC RC R: Residential
C: Corporate
300 RCM 300 RCM M: Mobile
RCO RCO O: Outdoor
RCMO 200 RCMO
200
K€

K€
100 100

0 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Years Years Profitability is reached faster
Thanks to both
Offer 3 Offer 4 Residential & Coporate
400 Femtos
300 RC RC
RCM RCM
250 300
RCO RCO
200 RCMO RCMO
150 200
K€

K€

100
100
50
0
0
-50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Years Years


Year 1 – Deliverables, Achievements
& Dissemination highlights


13 Public Deliverables available

Delivery
Del. Deliverable Name
date

Description of baseline reference systems, use case
D2.1 M12
requirements, evaluation and impact on business model
Radio Access specs & promising techniques for indoor
IR3.2 M12
standalone Femtocells
Promising SON enabling & multi-cell RRM techniques for
D4.1 M12
standalone and networked femtocells
Femtocell access control, networking, mobility, and
D5.1 M12
management concepts (final)
Selection of scenarios for proof of concept testbeds and
D6.1 specifications for key building blocks functionalities and M12
interfaces
Report on the standardisation and dissemination activities for
D7.1 M12
the first evaluation period

D4.2 SON enabling Techniques (Final) M21


13 Public Deliverables available

Released end December 2011, now available !

+ BONUS !

IR3.3 - Promising Interference and Radio
Management Techniques for Indoor Standalone Femtocells


Simulations Scenarios Examples

Interference Management Solutions RRM Solutions
Pow Capability to
X N-3X reuse F1
Femto-UE2

eNB F1 HeNB

hHeNB −UE1
Freq
Macro-UE1

Authentication, Routing, Mobility Mgt
Self-Organising Networking Solutions
Solutions
end-to-end latency 10 ms

WAN Mobile
Network

Broadband Uplink
(10 Mb/s, symmetric)

Switched Ethernet
(1 Gb/s)

Full Evaluation Methodology described – Calibrations & Comparability


BeFEMTO System Architecture

BeFEMTO System Architecture

BeFEMTO
EPS Architecture
3GPP EPS Architecture
LFGW Node HeNB Node
Architecture Architecture
Fixed Broadband Access
Architecture (e.g. TISPAN or BBF)
BeFEMTO
Transport Architecture

Evolved Packet System (EPS) Architecture. It encompasses the mobile network layer which
includes the core network and the radio access network, including the femtocell sub-system.
Transport Network Architecture. It describes the communication networks that transport the
data between the elements of the BeFEMTO EPS Architecture, e.g. the local area network
connecting a network of femtocells or the fixed broadband backhaul.
HeNB and LFGW Node Architectures. They provide the internal architecture of the two functional
entities that are vastly extended by the project.


4 Test-Beds

Interference Management for LTE-Radio Routing in Networks of Femtocells
Iu-h interface

Tektronix G35
Emulator

Iub interface

Uu interface

User
Equipment Siemens NB8860
Node B

EXTREME Control &
Measurement System

Automatic Fault Diagnosis EXTREME Control Network

Multi-Radio Interference Analysis


Beyond Femtocells: challenges for
Small intelligent Cross-cells (SiXC) ™
Networks


Increase in Data traffic is NOT uniform

Geography Subscribers Devices

Location Applications

Indoor
/outdoor

Time of day

Source: Senza Fili Consulting

Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020

Total daily mobile traffic
From 2010 to 2020, total daily mobile traffic in the representative Western European
country will grow 67 times from 186 TB to 12540 TB.

Total daily mobile traffic 2010 2015 2020

Representative Western European Country
186 5,098 12,540
(TB per day)

►Significantly, at least 80% of the traffic volume remains generated by users, leading to
large variations of the total mobile traffic both in terms of time and space variations of
traffic.
►Future mobile networks must be designed to cope with such variation of traffic and
uneven traffic distribution, while at the same time maintaining a permanent and extensive
geographical coverage in order to provide continuity of service to customers.
►These opposite constraints are some of the most significant future challenges for
operators.

Terabyte = 10^21 Source:IDATE


EPC challenges – A lot still to come

Source: Cisco/Heavy Reading

Industry driven research/Innovation activities are truly needed
and
Will benefit overall Telecom industry.


Small Cells - EPC interfaces / WiFi

Source Cisco
NOT Sufficient in context of Small Cells !

E2E LTE QoS - Challenges

Source: Continuous Computing

Challenges for future Small Cells

•increase robustness to Backhaul Heterogeneity & Variability
• QoS policies (PCRF) more coordinated with Air interface Scheduling
• Difficulties to handle multiple QoS mapping with IP Flow Management
• Inter-RAT E2E QoS


LTE Self-Organizing Network
(SON) features

S1/X2 configuration


SON progress status w.r.t 3GPP
Releases 8, 9, and 10

SON Concepts & Requirements
3GPP Rel.8 Self-Establishment of eNBs
SON Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) list Mgt

Study on SON related OAM interfaces for HNB
Study on Self-Healing of SON
SON – OAM Aspects
3GPP Rel.9
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt
- Automatic Radio Network Configuration Data preparation
SON

SON – OAM Aspects
3GPP Rel.10
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt Continuation
- SON Self-Healing Mgt
- OAM aspects of Energy saving in Radio Networks
LTE SON Enhancements


Fixed/Mobile Convergence

Source: BT Wholesale

It’s Mandatory to propose integrated Architectures
Taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems
(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)


Fixed/Mobile Convergence
3GPP Rel.11

Workshop organized between 3GPP and
Broadband Forum (BBF)
Set of Requirements (BBF WT-203)
Several 3GPP Working Groups will focus during
Rel.11 onto
Building Block I Building Block II Building Block III
Requirements
Architecture Mobility
Authentication
Policy & QoS
HeNB + Offload
Architecture for NW based
mobility with trusted BBF access
Further convergence between
Security Policy & QoS
HeNB EPC
WLAN + Offload
3GPP & Fixed NW
WLAN EPC Policy & QoS interworking
OAM IFOM
3GPP/BBF

LIPA/SIPTO for HeNB with Static
QoS


3GPP multi-RAT interworking: I-
WLAN (Rel.6) for Wi-Fi

Advantages
Access to AAA 3GPP service
Access PDG/PDN-GW core
infrastructure
Automatic Wi-Fi user
Authentication based on
Cellular Subscriber ID
information contained into
the device
Disadvantages
No session continuity to/from
3G/LTE and Wi-Fi
Local Offload is not supported
Requires IPSec tunnelling from
wireless device to PDG
AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting


3GPP multi-RAT interworking:
untrusted network (Rel.8)

S2 interface:
S2a: trusted
S2b: untrusted (need of ePDG)


3GPP multi-RAT interworking: Several work
items currently running

Acronym Title Release Comment

MUPSAP Multiple Connections to the same PDN for PMIP Interfaces Rel.9

MAPIM Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity and IP flow Mobility Rel.9 spun-off in IFOM/MAPCON

IFOM IP Flow Mobility and seamless WLAN Offload Rel.10
MAPCON Multi-Access PDN CONnectivity Rel.10
SMOG S2b MObility based on GTP Rel.10 GTP based S2b Mobility
SaMOG S2a mobility based on GTP & WLAN access to EPC Rel.11 GTP based S2a Mobility
ISRP introduction to
ANDSF Access Network Discovery & Selection Function Rel.10 accommodate
MAPCON/IFOM
eANDSF enhanced ANDSF Rel.11
OPIIS Operator Policies for IP Interface Selection Rel.11
DIDA Data Identification in ANDSF Rel.11
LOBSTER Location Based Selection of gateways for WLAN Rel.11
BBAI Broadband Access Interworking Rel.11
VINE Voice Interworking with Enterprise IP-PBX Rel.11


WBA – Goals

Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™


Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH

Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’

Built directly Built directly
into device into device

Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:

Source: Cisco


Hotspot 2.0: Next Generation
Hotspot (Wi-Fi Alliance)
HS 2.0- HS 2.0-
Hotspot 2.0-Spec 1 (PRIORITY) Spec 2 Spec 3 Out-of-scope4

Network Rogue Air EAP-SIM, Operator Secure Session Operator
Discovery Prevention Interface AKA,TLS, Policy Online Persistence Traffic
& Selection Encryption FAST (Traffic Sign-up Management2
Steering)

Hotspot 2.0

WISPR 1.01

WISPR 2.01

Vendor-specific (e.g.
iPass, Devicescape,
etc.)

Mobile IP

3 3
I-WLAN
Notes: Source: Cisco
(1) IPR issues
(2) Operator Traffic Management is the ability for the operator to take back operator-offered applications (e.g. mobile television) seurely back its
data center using an encryupted tunnel when device is using an un-trusted (i.e. non-802.1x) Hotspot. All of the other applications get local
break-out. I
(3) All traffic gets back-hauled to mobile operator in a VPN tunnel
(4) Out-of-scope. The SIG may disband rather than make a recommendation in this area, since there already other industry bodies working here


NGMN – LTE Backhaul

Source: Ericsson

Traffic Volume:

X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1

IPSec +14%

GTP/MIP overhead ~10%

LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning
Need for more Research
Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)


TVWS for Backhaul


LTE in TVWS


End-to-End (E2E) LTE QoS -
Challenges

Source: Continuous Computing

Challenges for future Small Cells
• Increase robustness to Backhaul Heterogeneity & Variability
• QoS policies (PCRF) more coordinated with Air interface Scheduling
• Difficulties to handle multiple QoS mapping with IP Flow Management
• Inter-RAT E2E QoS


Vertical markets in LTE

M2M


Texas Energy Network - US


VTel - US

VTel reached agreement with CVPS/GMP (merging) to provide Smart Metering
Communications services, thank to the LTE Wireless Open World (WOW) network (fully
deployed by 2013), funded via Gvt Broadband rural plan.

WOW


- Currently rolling out WiMAX Network
- 150 sites
- 12000 Smart Monitoring devices
- 3000 Mobile Field computers
- 200 Substations

- Already plan migration to FULL LTE Network
- Trials in 2011: 15 sites


High Level (simplified) M2M
Architecture

Capillary
Network

Operator
platform

M2M
Gateway

Client
Application


MTC in 3GPP

Current discussion on
low cost MTC device evaluation
(traffic model, comparison with
GPRS, …)


M2M ecosystem’s jungle


GSC M2M standardization task
force: Toward an M2M-PP?

Source: Numerex


Conclusions & Way-Forward


Femto/Small cells, industry status...LTE and Beyond

Femto/Small cells, industry status...LTE and Beyond

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