Low latency, high bandwidth services (>1Gb/s) are emerging requirements for business, medical, education, government and industry New applications development and business models could be stimulated by affordable and easily accessible high bandwidth in both local and wide area networks High bandwidth connections are typically full period today but full period 7x24 bandwidth is not always needed. Technologies are now available that suggest plausible new business model options to offer time slots for high bandwidth services Dynamic provisioning of lambda and sub-lambda time slots Periodically scheduled (N time slots per day, per week) or ad hoc

1. DWDM
RAM
Data@LIGHTspeed
Business Models
for
Dynamically Provisioned Optical Networks
Tal Lavian
NNTTOONNCC
National Transparent Optical
Network Consortium
Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency BUSINESS WITHOUT BOUNDARIES

2. Concept for “Utility” Bandwidth
• Low latency, high bandwidth services (>1Gb/s) are emerging
requirements for business, medical, education, government
and industry
• New applications development and business models could be
stimulated by affordable and easily accessible high
bandwidth in both local and wide area networks
• High bandwidth connections are typically full period today
but full period 7x24 bandwidth is not always needed.
• Technologies are now available that suggest plausible new
business model options to offer time slots for high bandwidth
services
– Dynamic provisioning of lambda and sub-lambda time slots
– Periodically scheduled (N time slots per day, per week) or ad hoc

3. Application Profile
A – Lightweight users, browsing,
mailing, home use
B – Current business applications,
multicast, streaming, VPNs,
mostly LAN
C – Emerging business,
government, industry &
scientific applications, data
grids, virtual-presence
Network Profile
A – Internet routing, one to many
B – VPN services on/and full
Internet routing, several to
several
C – Very fat pipes (both full and
non-full period services),
limited multiple Virtual
Organizations, few to few
User/Bandwidth
Profile
BW requirements
sr esu f o #
A
ADSL
C
A
B
ADSL GE

4. Dynamic Wave Provisioning Service
Business Model Examples
• Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery
– Remote file storage/back-up
– Recovery after equipment or path failure
– Alternate site operations due to natural or man-made disaster
• Storage and data on demand
– Rapid expansion of network attached storage capacity
– Archival storage and retrievals
– Logistical networking – pre-fetch and cache
• Financial community and transaction GRIDs
– Distributed computational and storage resources
– Shared use of very high bandwidth network resources
– Utility computing for pay-as-you-go business models

5. 100s of
transactions
per second
Core network is a shared resource
• SLAs for graduated performance
• Fixed time slots
− Lambdas & sub-lambdas
• Dynamically allocated
100s of
transactions
per second
100s of
transactions
per second
Remote
storage /
processing
location
Remote
storage /
processing
location
Remote
storage /
processing
location
Dynamically provisioned
carrier or large
enterprise network –
switched lambdas and
sub-lambdas

6. Transaction GRID Demonstration
• Real-time transactions processed and buffered at
collection sites for Businesses “BB” & “SRU”
• Periodic transfer to remote site for batch processing
using fixed timeslot dynamic lambda provisioning
• High bandwidth/low holding time connection
provides periodically scheduled shared use path
between collection and remote sites.

7. DemoControl nrm odinserver
Sheridan
PP8600
Federal
McCormick Place
24.1 km
PP8600
1 x GE
Lakeshore
6.7 km 10.3 km
Taylor
10GE (l1)
10GE (l2)
7.2 km
10GE (l3)
24.9 km
Photonic
Switch
OMNInet
PP8600
Demo Display
Station
LakeShoreHost
(192.26.85.147/26)
SheridanHost1
(192.26.85.169/26)
SheridanHost2
(192.26.85.170/26)
FederalHost
(192.26.85.130/
26) GRIDBRICK
Advantage: By having this setup we have contention
for Red λ2 between Lakeshore and Sheridan when
App A & B try for the same timeslot.
Media Converter/
Local Sw/hub
Logical Demo Layout
100 Mbps
ControlHost
(129.105.25.103/24) NRM
(129.105.220.101/24)
ODIN
(129.105.220.46/24)
DemoSender1
DemoSender2
DemoReceiver1
DemoReceiver2
DemoGUI

8. Demonstration Parameters
Parameter Units
Transaction Collection Rate Records/sec
Record size Kbytes
Queue Load Number of records
Queue size Kbytes
Queue fill rate Kbytes/sec
Next queue delivery Date:hour:min:sec
Time to next queue delivery Hour:min:sec
Last delivery average throughput Kbps
All parameters are dynamic and updated in real time

9. DWDM-RAM Architecture Charts

10. DWDM-RAM Architecture
Data-Intensive Applications
Data
Transfer
Service
Network Resource Service
Basic Network
Resource
Service
Dynamic Lambda, Optical Burst, etc.,
Data
Center
l1
ln
Grid services
l1
ln
Data
Center
Network
Resource
Scheduler
Data
Handler
Service
Information Service
DTS API
Application
Middleware
Layer
NRS Grid Service API
Network Resource
Middleware
Layer
l OGSI-ification API
Connectivity and
Fabric Layers
Optical path control

11. DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInet
Application
Collective
Resource
Connectivity
Fabric

12. DWDM-RAM Architecture
ODIN – Optical Domain Intelligent Network
• Software suite that controls the OMNInet through lower-level
API calls
• Designed for high-performance, long-term flow with
flexible and fine grained control
• Stateless server, which includes an API to provide path
provisioning and monitoring to the higher layers
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInet
Application
Collective
Resource
Connectivity
Fabric

13. DWDM-RAM Architecture
Communication Protocols
• Standard off-the-shelf communication protocol suites
• Provide communication between application clients and
DWDM-RAM services and between DWDM-RAM
components
• Communication consists of mainly SOAP messages in HTTP
envelopes transported over TCP/IP connections
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInet
Application
Collective
Resource
Connectivity
Fabric

14. DWDM-RAM Architecture
Network Resource Scheduling
• Essentially a resource management service
• Maintains schedules and provisions resources in accordance
with the schedule
• Provides an OGSI compliant interface to request the optical
network resources
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInet
Application
Collective
Resource
Connectivity
Fabric

15. DWDM-RAM Architecture
Data Transfer Scheduling
• Direct extension of NRS service, provides an OGSI interface
• Shares same backend scheduling engine & resides on same host
• Provides a high-level functionality
• Allow applications to schedule data transfers without the need
to directly reserve lightpaths
• The service also perform the actual data transfer once the
network is allocated
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInet
Application
Collective
Resource
Connectivity
Fabric

16. Data Transfer Scheduling
• Uses standard ftp
• Uses NRS to allocate
lambdas
• Uses OGSI calls to
request network
resources
Data Receiver λ Data Source
FTP client FTP server
DTS NRS
Client App

17. DWDM-RAM Architecture
Applications
• Target is data-intensive applications since their
requirements make them the perfect costumer
for DWDM networks
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling
Communication Protocols
ODIN
OMNInet
Application
Collective
Resource
Connectivity
Fabric

18. DWDM-RAM Modes
• Applications may
request a data transfer
• Applications may
request a set of
resources through a
resource allocator,
which will handle the
network reservation
Applications
Resource Allocator
Network Resource Scheduling
Applications
Data Transfer Scheduling
Network Resource Scheduling

19. The Network Service
• NRS is the key for providing network as a resource
– It is a service with an application-level interface
– Used for requesting, releasing, and managing the
underlying network resources
– Understands the topology of the network
– Maintains schedules and provisions resources in
accordance with the schedule
– Keeps one scheduling map for each lambda in each
segment

20. The Network Service
Scheduling maps: Each with a
vector of time intervals for
keeping the reservations.
Scheduling maps for
each segment

21. The Network Service
• NRS
– Provides an OGSI-based interface to network resources
– Request parameters
• Network addresses of the hosts to be connected
• Window of time for the allocation
• Duration of the allocation
• Minimum and maximum acceptable bandwidth (future)
– Provides the network resource
• On demand
• By advance reservation
– Network is requested within a window
• Constrained
• Under-constrained

22. The Network Service
• On Demand
– Constrained window: right now!
– Under-constrained window: ASAP!
• Advance Reservation
– Constrained window
• Tight window, fits the transference time closely
– Under-constrained window
• Large window, fits the transference time loosely
• Allows flexibility in the scheduling

23. The Network Service
Under-constrained window
• Request for 1/2 hour between 4:00
W
and 5:30 on Segment D granted to
User W at 4:00
• New request from User X for same
segment for 1 hour between 3:30
and 5:00
• Reschedule user W to 4:30; user X
to 3:30. Both requests are satisfied.
Route allocated for a time slot; new request comes in; 1st route can be
rescheduled for a later slot within window to accommodate new request
3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30
X
3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30
W
X
3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30

24. End-to-end Transfer Time (Un-optimized)
GigE  L2 Switch 10GE  switched lambdas
20GB File Transfer
Set up: 29.7s
Transfer: 174s
Tear down: 11.3s
Transfer rate: 920Mb/s Effective rate:744Mb/s
0.5s 174s
3.6s 0.5s 25s 0.14s 0.3s 11s
9. ODIN
Server
Processing
10. File
transfer
complete, path
released
1. File transfer
request
7. Data Transfer (20 GB)
8. Path
Deallocation
request
5. Network reconfiguration
4. Path ID returned
3. ODIN Server Processing
2. Path Allocation
request
6. Transport setup
For a 200GB file: Transfer rate:920Mb/s Effective rate: 898Mb/s

25. 20GB File Transfer

26. 24x36 poster board
4” banner for title or just leave blank
8.5 x 11 charts
DWDM
RAM
Data@LIGHTspeed
1.5” margin
1.5” margin
¾” margin