Railways are one of the earliest and major modes of transportation globally and in many countries. In Europe, there is an extensive railway system connecting many countries. The Eurail system offers rail passes allowing travel across participating European countries. Passes have different options depending on the number of countries and days traveled. Motor coaches also provide transportation services, with major operators like Greyhound and Trailways. Railways and motor coaches play an important role in transportation in countries like the Philippines, with various existing and proposed train lines serving different areas.
2. RAILWAYS
Considered one of the earliest modes of
transportation.
Serves as one of the major transport services in
many countries.
Includes: India, Japan, China and South Korea.
Widespread in European countries
3. RAILWAYS
To date, this mode of transportation still
attracts travelers as they continue to offer :
Comfort
Reasonable fares and;
Less travel time
4. EUROPEAN RAILWAY SYSTEM
Europe is home to one of the most extensive railway systems.
The main international trains operating in Europe are:
InterCityExpress (Germany, The
Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark, Switzerland and Austria)
Thalys (France, Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands)
Enterprise (Republic of Ireland & Northern Ireland/UK)
Eurostar (Great Britain, France, Belgium)
EuroCity (conventional trains operated by nearly all Western and Central
European operators, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom and
Ireland)
TGV (France, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg)
Oresundtrain (Denmark, Sweden)
SJ 2000 (Sweden, Denmark)
5.
6. THE EURAIL
The Eurail also known as the Eurorail
One of the most exstensive railway systems in the world.
Its major product, offers rail passes for train travel all across
Europe
The Eurail passes (Eurorail Passes)
A passenger has largely unlimited ability to travel on nearly all European railroads
and some shipping lines at a fixed price per day of travel or travel within a certain
number of days.
7. THE EURAIL
Covers 21 European Countries:
• Austria • Luxembourg
• Belgium • The
• Croatia Netherlands
• Czech Republic • Norway
• Denmark • Portugal
• Finland • Romania
• France • Slovenia
• Germany • Spain
• Greece • Sweden
• Hungary • Switzerland
• Ireland
• Italy
8. THE EURAIL PASSES
Types
Global Pass:
The Eurail Global Pass lets you visit 23 countries throughout Europe, and see
them in any order you like.
Select Pass:
Gives you flexibility to plan your trip, and also comes with the most options.
Can choose from 3, 4 or 5 bordering countries and 5 up to 15 travel days.
9. THE EURAIL PASSES
Regional Pass:
Combine two bordering countries.
Offer the ability to concentrate your European adventure within a specific
region.
One Country Pass:
The Eurail One Country Pass is for if you want to spend your time exploring
one country or area.
Valid for one month, and the number of travel days available varies per
country.
10. THE EURAIL PASSES
Unfortunately this service not available for everyone.
Not available for residents of Europe, the UK, Morocco, Turkey, or any of the
countries of the former Soviet Union.
If you are a citizen of any of these countries, but are a resident of the United
States, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America or Canada, Eurorail are able to
sell the rail pass or tickets to you.
Passes are based on residency not citizenship, and the country of your
residence will be printed on the rail pass as well as the names on the pass
and on the passport have to match.
11. UNDERSEA RAILWAY TUNNELS
Links two countries or areas that are separated by bodies of
water through an undersea tunnel.
12. UNDERSEA RAILWAY TUNNELS
The Channel Tunnel
Aka Chunnel; Euro tunnel
Connects France and Britain
Stretches around 49.89 kms
The Longest Tunnel underneath the sea.
Consists of three tunnels. The first 2 tubes serve
rail traffic. The third is an emergency escape route.
13. UNDERSEA RAILWAY TUNNELS
The Seikan Tunnel
Located in Japan
The longest seabed tunnel in the world.
Passes by the Tsugaru strait to the Honshu and
Hokkaido islands
14. MOTOR COACHES
The bus is the most reasonable and practical mode of
transportation.
Dominated by two major players:
Trailways Transportation Systems
Greyhound lines
15. MOTOR COACHES
Trailways Transportation Systems
Composed of 80 small independent motor coaches that have merged to
provide competitive markets.
Operates over 2,000 luxury-styled motor coaches serving more than 1,00
destinations throughout north America and parts of Europe.
16. MOTOR COACHES
Greyhound Lines
Founded in 1914
The largest provider of intercity bus transportation serving more than 2,000
destinations across north America.
They also operate with independent buslines to provide links from small towns
to the national routes of the country.
18. HISTORY
June 25, 1875, a general plan to establish the railroad line in
Luzon was declared by King Alfonso XII of Spain.
November 24, 1982: First 195km railway line from manila to
Dagupan was opened. This was extended to reach Legaspi in the
south and La Union in the north in 1940.
19. HISTORY
June 20, 1946: RA 4156, a new charter that renamed the Railway
system to the Philippine National Railways (PNR).
The Strong Republic Transit System was born. Aims to provide an
integrated mass transit system.
The mass transit trains of the Philippines were created through
E.O. 603, as amended by E.O. 830.
20. HISTORY
The creation of the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) aimed to
create fast and efficient mas transit for the growing population in
the Philippines.
21. THE TRAIN LINES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Composed of five (5) existing lines
Old Name New Name
LRT Line 1/ Metrorail Yellow Line
MRT Line 2/ Megatren Purple Line
MRT Line 3/ Metrostar Blue Line
PNR Northrail Green Line
PNR Southrail Orange Line
22. THE TRAIN LINES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
And three (3) proposed extensions and lines
Name Routes
MRT-7 13-station, 21-kilometer line that
starting in Quezon City and
traverses Commonwealth Avenue,
passing through Caloocan City and
ends in San Jose del Monte,
Bulacan
MRT-8/ East Rail Line 48-kilometer (30 mi) line crossing
through Metro Manila and the
provinces of Laguna and Rizal.
begin in Sta, Mesa, Manila and end
in Angono, Rizal
UP Diliman Monorail Vicinity of the University of the
Philippines. 500- Meter Line
starting from Philcoa and ands in
the UP-Ayala Technohub
29. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND
CRUISING
Sea Transportation:
Watercraft carrying people or goods. Sea transport
has been the largest carrier of freight throughout
recorded history.
Can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or
barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or
along rivers.
May be for commerce, recreation or the Military.
Virtually any material that can be moved, can be
moved by water
30. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
Cruise
Vacation trip by ship.
Travelling by water for purely recreational
purposes. This is a leisure vacation experience
with the ships staff doing all the work.
31. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cruising
Ancient Times
Ships sailed for practical reasons across the
Mediterranean. However, there were a few
who came on board in order to experience
the far flung ports visited by these ships.
Herodotus was one of those people. He
compiled the list of interesting things he saw
on his travels.
32. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cruising
500AD
“Leisure” travel disappeared. Sea travel was
mostly for exploration, trade and to conquer new
lands.
The 1800’s
Shipping companies rediscovered that they
could increase their profits by booking
passengers.
Shipping companies began building vessels
(steamships as they were called before) to
transport people.
33. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cruising
The 1900’s:
Ocean liners were among the most astonishing
creations to appear during this period.
The purpose of this was to carry immigrants and
not the wealthy. There was two or three classes
of service.
34. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cursing
The First World War:
Most ocean crossing vessels were converted
into troop transport.
During the 1920’s and 1930’s ocean liners
began to provide more entertainment and
tried to attract more of the middle class.
Being seen inside ocean liners was the “in”
thing.
35. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cursing
The birth of contemporary cruising
During the 1900’s a few smaller steamship lines
created a product that is close to what we now
call a cruise.
During winter, these lines would switch routes
from the transatlantic route to routes going to
warmer places.
1958 marked the emergence of commercial jet
service across the Atlantic ocean.
36. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cursing
Development of modern cruising
The smaller ships cruising the Caribbean became the
model of nearly every company that pursued this
product.
Ships became floating resorts offering pleasurable
activities.
During the 1970’s cruising became a major
phenomenon. Cruise companies were building ships
designed primarily for cruising.
The 1980’s and 1990’s saw the emergence of
“megaships”.
37. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
Cruising today:
Cruises today have itineraries that range from a
three-day, four-day (short itineraries)
The more popular ones are the five- to twelve-
day cruises. The seven-day cruise is the most
common.
A ships agenda can be a round trip or circle
itinerary. The agenda can also be a one-way
itinerary.
38. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
Cruising Today:
During the cruise, the passengers experience a
plethora of different activities. The activities
usually take place on at-sea days.
When the ship is on port days, passengers
have the option to go ashore or say on the ship.
40. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Who Cruises?
All age groups
There are different cruises being offered for different demographics
41. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do people cruise?
A cruise is a hassle-free vacation
A cruise takes you away from it all
Your pampered like nowhere else
You can do it all- or nothing at all
You can sample a broad geographic area
A cruise is something new
Cruises offere a huge variety of events, activities and meals
42. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do people cruise?
A cruise facilitates shopping
A cruise lend themselves to groups
It’s easy to make friends on a cruise
Cruises lend themselves to groups
Cruise is a romantic experience
A cruise is a learning experience
There’s a cruise that can satisisfy virtually anyone
43. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do people cruise?
It’s a great way to celebrate a special event
Everybody’s talking about how wonderful cruises are
Cruises represent a safe travel experience
Value for money
You know what your paying for in advance.
44. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do some people not go on cruises?
Cruises are too expensive
Cruises are boring
Cruises are too stuffy and formal
Cruises are for older people
Cruises are too regimented
There is not enough time in ports
Ship environment is too confining
45. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do some people not go on cruises?
Being forced to socialize with people
I’ll eat too much and put on weight.
Ship safety
Worried about getting sick
I don’t know that much about cruises
46. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Pricing Patterns for Cruises:
The price of cruises is based on basis two or double occupancy
The higher the deck, the stateroom is on the higher the price
Outside staterooms (has windows) are more expensive than interior
staterooms
Larger staterooms are usually more epxensive
Outside staterooms with obstructive that are obstructed are cheaper
compared to those with unobstructed views
47. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Pricing Patterns for Cruises:
Booking six to nine months or more in advance usually yields savings
Last minute sales when a ship is not yet fully booked results in cheaper prices
Repositioned cruises are almost always cheaper
48. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Seasonality in Cruises
Summer is high season
Spring and Fall is shoulder seasons
Winter is low season.
51. STYLES OF SHIPS
The Classic Ocean Liner:
Epitomize the golden age of cruising
Most ships were built during the 1970’s
Sleek, streamlined and built to cut their way through ocean waves
52. STYLES OF SHIPS
Contemporary Cruise Ship
These are broader, boxier vessels built to accommodate uniformly sized staterooms
and numerous activity venues
These are usually called “Megaships”
*Megaships are ships that can accommodate 2,000 or more passengers and have 12 or
more decks.
54. STYLES OF SHIPS
Small Ships
Accommodates less than 200 passengers.
Emphasis is on an up closed more intimate experience
These ships look like miniature cruise ships or oversized yachts
55. STYLES OF SHIPS
Masted Sailing Ships
Have masts and sails and are partly or almost entirely powered by the wind
Geared towards people who want to experience ships rooted in other times.
56. STYLE OF SHIPS
River Boats
Also called the paddle wheeler
Modeled after great steamboats of the 19th century.
These ships permit passengers to experience America’s great rivers in the style
immortalized by the works of Mark Twain.
58. STYLE OF SHIPS
Barges
A twelve-passenger sea craft
Ferries
Multi-Purpose Ships
Carry Cargo, Transport Passengers between two points and serve as cruise ships
60. OLD SHIPS VS. NEW SHIP
Older or “Classic” Boats Newer or “Modern” Ships
Uses wood, brass and other natural Synthetic materials are used
materials
Modest-sized public areas Large Public Areas
Can travel up to 30 knots Can travel at 20-25 knots
Hulls have deep drafts; therefore Hulls have shallow drafts; ports more
inaccessible and/or require tendering accessible
Many Different sized staterooms; More standardized stateroom size;
staterooms are relatively large some staterooms may be small
61. SIZING SHIPS
Ships are sized in the following ways:
Based on the number of staterooms
Based on the number of passengers it can accommodate. And;
Based on the Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT)
62. SIZING SHIPS
Number of Pax GRT
Very Small Under 200 pax Under 10,000 GRT
Small 200-500 pax 10,000-20,000 GRT
MEdium 500-1,200 pax 20,000-50,000 GRT
Large 1,200-2,000 pax 50,000-70,000 GRT
Megaship More than 2,000 pax 70,000 GRT or more
63. SIZING SHIPS
Space Ratio
The space or “elbow room” each person will have
Computed through: Gross Registerred Tonnage
Number of Passengers
The higher the Space Ratio, the higher the roominess of the ship.
However, high space ratios are not critical to the enjoyment of a cruise experience.
64. SIZING SHIPS
Large Ships Small Ships
Can offer many facilities, activities Offers more intimate atmosphere
choices and options
Often more dramatic looking Can sail into smaller places
Able to serve a wider spectrum of Permit easier embarkation and
guest types debarkation
Can accommodate easily groups Makes it simple for the passengers to
get familiar with the ship and the other
passengers on board
Stable in water
65. SHIPS FACILITIES
There are three types of Facilities:
Stateroom space
Private Space
Public Space
66. SHIPS FACILITIES
Stateroom Space
The cabin
The ships equivalent to the guest room in a hotel.
Has three types:
Outside Staterooms:
Rooms that have windows.
Ideal for clients who worry about feeling cramped
Inside Staterooms:
Inside the ships interior
They usually have no windows
The least expensive room on the ship
67. SHIPS FACILITIES
Suites
The most expensive accommodation facilities on a ship
Some vessels have only a few suite rooms but some boast entire decks for it.
The suite consists of a sitting area and sleeping area which is usually divided
by a curtain
Ideal room for families
72. PUBLIC AREAS
Public areas include the following:
The reception Area
Where the pursuers area is located. (similar to a front desk or information desk)
The dining room
Where guests eat meals.
There can be several main dining rooms in a hotel
Alternate Dining Areas
More informal dining settings
Includes the Lido Deck (pool side), or al fresco (outside) dining.
The Showroom
Where entertainment events take place
73. PUBLIC AREAS
Royal Caribbean’s Mariner of the Seas Atrium/ Reception
Area
74. PUBLIC AREAS
Royal Caribbean’s Liberty of the Seas: Dining Room
75. PUBLIC AREAS
The pool area
Ships usually have several swimming pools
The heath club
Areas for exercise with gym equipment
Some ships also have their own spas that are part of the health clubs
The Children’s area
The gift shops
Medical Facilities
Movie Theatre
Photo Gallery