DARPA TTO Briefing Outlines Focus on Ground, Maritime, Air and Space Systems

Tactical Technology Office (TTO)
Bradford C. Tousley, Ph.D., Director
Briefing prepared for TTO Office Wide BAA Proposers’ Day
April 23, 2013
1Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
was established in 1958 to prevent strategic surprise
from negatively affecting U.S. national security and create
strategic surprise for U.S. adversaries by maintaining the
technological superiority of the U.S. military.
To fulfill its mission, the Agency relies on diverse
performers to apply multi-disciplinary approaches to both
advance knowledge through basic research and create
innovative technologies that address current practical
problems through applied research.
As the DoD’s primary innovation engine, DARPA
undertakes projects that are finite in duration but that
create lasting revolutionary change.
Mission

1 9 5 7
Sputnik
34th President of the United States 1953-1961.
Coined the term “military-industrial complex”
and warned against its unwarranted influence.
Created DARPA in response to Sputnik.
First orbiting satellite. The satellite was not a
threat, but the level of technology indicated that
the Soviet Union possessed superior capability for
intercontinental reconnaissance and bombing.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
1 9 5 8
DARPA

DSO MTOI2O TTOSTOAEO
Defense
Sciences
Office
Microsystems
Technology
Office
Information
Innovation
Office
Tactical
Technology
Office
Adaptive
Execution
Office
Strategic
Technology
Office
DARPA organization
• Finding
difficult
targets
• Communica-
tions,
networks, and
electronic
warfare
• Shaping the
environment
• Ground
systems
• Maritime
systems
• Air systems
• Space
systems
• Cyber
• Data analytics
at massive
scale
• ISR
exploitation
• Biology/bio
platforms
• Computing
• Electronic
warfare
• Manufacturing
• Novel
concepts
• Photonics
• PNT
• Thermal
management
• Physical
sciences
• Neuroscience
• Materials
• Mathematics
• Biology
• Coordinated
field trials
• Technology
insertion
• DARPA-
Combatant
Command
interaction

Tactical Technology Office (TTO)
Aero-&
Hydrodynamic
Systems (13)
Tactical
Technologies (8)
Vision
TTO will rapidly develop new prototype military capabilities that create an asymmetric
technological advantage and provide U.S. forces with decisive superiority and the ability
to overwhelm our opponents.
Objective
To provide or prevent strategic and tactical surprise with very high-payoff, high-risk
development of revolutionary new platforms, weapons, critical technologies and systems,
approaches addressing affordability, as well as rapid agile development.
Ground Systems
Maritime Systems
TTO Focus Areas
Air Systems
Space Systems

TTO legacy – a reminder
2002
Boomerang
2003
Tank BreakerM16
(Project Agile)
Army Tactical
Missile System
(Assault Breaker)
1982
NetfiresTalon
20031967 1978
BigDog
2008
Ground Systems
Sea Shadow
1984
Maritime Systems
19841969 1988 1992
MK 50 Torpedo
Propulsion System
Unmanned
Undersea
Vehicle (UUV)
Submarine Technology
(SUBTECH)
Air Systems
1998
Tacit Blue X-45/46/47Global HawkX-31
19901977 2002
Have Blue A-160 Falcon HTV-2
20112005
Damage Tolerant
Controls (DTC)
2011
Orbital Express (OE)MiTEXPegasus Taurus Falcon Small
Launch Vehicle
Global Low Orbiting
Message Relay
(GLOMR)
200720061990 20031985 1995
1997
Space Systems
Space Surveillance
Telescope (SST)
2013
DARPASAT
Artist’s concept
Artist’s concept
Artist’s concept
1982

The environment
Multipolar
- Diverse threats
- Low to high intensity spectrum
- Counter-insurgency
Peer/Non-peer threats
- Pacific and other
- Denied environments
- Countermeasures
Cost challenge
- Rapid and expansive red force
modernization
- Long U.S. development cycles of
complex systems
- Smaller U.S. defense industrial base
- Increasing lifecycle cost
Global market and tech
proliferation
- Medium technology swarms
- Rapid countermeasure development
- Cost of labor
Areas of potential threats
7
Source: DARPA; based on collation of publicly available metrics, including (1) Foreign Policy Failed States Index, (2) Aon
Political Risk Map, (3) Control Risks Political Risk Map, and (4) Bradburys Security Risk Map.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Source: DefenceWeb.co.za
Source: NavyTimes.com
Source: AirForce-Technology.com

What we look for in programs
Robotics Challenge
Phoenix
VTOL X-Plane
ACTUV
ALASA
• Big wins; decisive superiority
• Drive cost-effectiveness (system and countermeasures)
• Decisive and flexible systems (unbalance)
• Rapid developmental program execution (agile)
• Demonstrating prototypes (new capabilities)
• Unmanned leverage (maximize effectiveness)
• Develop Service buy-in (transition)
• Cross-domain capabilities – cover the “seams”
across Service stovepipes
8
Artist’s concept
Artist’s concepts
Artist’s concepts
Artist’s concept

How we execute our programs
• Accept risk for high payoffs – know the difference between cool Joint
Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) engineering/incremental payoff
vs. breakthrough surprise
• Don’t be upset with failure; be upset with failing to try
• Know your business case and capabilities
• Focus on rapid execution and performer competition through PDR/CDR and
beyond if affordable
• Demand the A-team from performers; if you don’t get it, don’t start; all
competitive leverage is at the beginning
• Avoid competition with the Services
• Recognize that sometimes you have to break glass
• Develop good relationships with partners
• Partners with resources can really help us make a difference

Strategy map to focus areas
Work in four domains: Ground, Maritime, Air and Space
Do not focus on: Cyber Tools, Counter WMD, PNT, Comms
• Enable precision strike at extended ranges
• Enable air dominance
• Protect our critical assets (Ground, Maritime, Air and Space)
• Develop flexible, agile and precise ground combat systems
• Demonstrate critical asymmetric capabilities
• Attack the cost equation challenges and prototype new (agile) systems engineering
approaches
• Leverage key DARPA technology subsystem advances

Ground Systems Maritime Systems Air Systems Space Systems
Systems focus areas
DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC)
Legged Squad Support System (LS3)
Anti-Submarine Warfare
(ASW) Continuous Trail
Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV)
Vertical Take-Off and
Landing (VTOL) X-Plane
Hypersonic TechnologiesLong Range Anti-Ship
Missile (LRASM)
Phoenix
Airborne Launch Assist
Space Access (ALASA)
Crosscutting Themes
Agile development approach, autonomy, unmanned systems, power and propulsion
11
Artist’s
concepts
Artist’s concept
Artist’s concept
Artist’s Concept
Artist’s concept

Amplify unit/Soldier effectiveness
Technical goals
• Lethality overmatch and scalable effects
• Agility and mobility
• Reduce footprint
• Manned and unmanned operations
• Digital systems
Ground systems
Program Objective
DARPA Robotics Challenge
(DRC)
Develop human-compatible robot systems for response to natural and man-made disasters.
Extreme Accuracy Tasked
Ordnance (EXACTO)
Demonstrate closed-loop guided flight of a .50-caliber bullet/weapon system and survivability of bullet
components.
Fast, Adaptable, Next
Generation (FANG) Ground
Combat Vehicle
Reduce the time to develop a ground vehicle by at least fivefold.
Instant Foundry Adaptive
Through Bits (iFAB)
Develop a foundry-style manufacturing capability.
Legged Squad Support (LS3) Develop a quadruped unmanned ground vehicle to lighten the Soldier’s load, guided by Soldier-bounded
autonomy.
META Develop novel tools to enable the ability to develop complex systems based on rapid (correct) design and
development.
Persistent Close Air Support
(PCAS)
Enhance dismounted ground personnel effectiveness with CAS equipment enabling precise coordination and
targeting of airborne weapons.
Current efforts

Potential future investment in ground systems
13
Medium Caliber Precision Weapon
Squad X
Artist’s concepts

Maritime systems
Control the sea, influence events on land
Technical goals
• Situational awareness/threats
• New capabilities
• Strike (asymmetric, affordable, precise, extended range)
• High-value asset protection
Program Objective
Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)
Continuous Trail Unmanned
Vessel (ACTUV)
Demonstrate an unmanned vessel optimized to provide continuous overt trail of threat submarines.
Long Range Anti-ship Missile
(LRASM)
Demonstrate an integrated prototype design of a high-effectiveness anti-ship strike capability.
Tactically Expandable Maritime
Platform (TEMP)
Develop modular technologies to convert an unmodified commercial containership into a surrogate naval
platform capability.
Tactically Exploitative
Reconnaissance Node (TERN)
Enable robust global access by demonstrating a medium-altitude, long-endurance unmanned vehicle
operable from smaller ships.
Current efforts

Air systems
Control the air and strike anytime/anywhere
Technical goals
• High-speed precision strike
• Extend performance envelope (speed, range, payload, endurance, survivability)
• Address the tyranny of distance
• Advanced propulsion and power systems
Program Objective
Hypersonic Technologies Develop and test unmanned, rocket-launched, maneuverable, hypersonic air vehicles for critical missions.
Mission Adaptive Rotor (MAR) Develop foundational technologies to enable high speed and efficient hover through advanced rotor
designs.
Transformer (TX) Develop a modular compact autonomous cargo delivery vertical lift system.
Triple Target Terminator (T3) Develop a high-speed, long-range aerodynamic missile that would defeat current and projected enemy
targets.
Vertical Take-off and Landing
(VTOL) X-Plane
Develop and demonstrate a VTOL air vehicle capable of efficient hover and improved high-speed flight.
Current efforts

Potential future investment in air systems
16
Integrated Hypersonics (IH)
Novel UAVs Cooperative manned
and unmanned air
operations
Surrogate piloting capabilities
Artist’s concept
Artist’s concept
Artist’s concepts

Program Objective
Airborne Launch Assist Space
Access (ALASA)
Enable small satellites to be deployed to orbit from an airborne platform, allowing performance improvement, reducing
range costs, and flying more frequently, which drives cost per pound down.
Galileo Enable mission protection, anomaly resolution and satellite repurposing.
International Space Station
SPHERES Integrated Research
Experiments (InSPIRE)
Upgrade spheres with manipulator arms to support Phoenix and upgrade the docking ports to reduce fuel
consumption.
Membrane Optical Imager for
Real-Time Exploitation (MOIRE)
Provide persistent tactical video coverage to the warfighter.
OrbitOutlook Demonstrate a cost-effective way to increase the amount and quality of SSA information critical to warfighters:
purchase data rather than build and operate sensors.
Phoenix Develop technologies to harvest and re-use components from retired, non-working satellites in GEO and demonstrate
the ability to create new space systems at a greatly reduced cost.
Space Surveillance Telescope
(SST)/SST-Australia (SST-AUS)
Develop an advanced ground-based optical system for rapid, wide-area, uncued detection and tracking of faint objects
in deep space. Refine and evaluate data processing techniques, such as those developed under the Ibex effort.
Space systems
Normalize and simplify space
Technical goals
• Affordable routine access
• Reduce escalating systems cost
• New capability
• Survivability/resilience/reconstitution/autonomy
• Disaggregation/simplification
• Space situational awareness
Current efforts

Potential future investment in space systems
18
Experimental Solar
Electric Propulsion
Vehicle (X-SEP)
Small affordable launch
Small Responsive
Space Access X-Plane
Artist’s concept
Artist’s concept
Artist’s Concept

Evolving threats/capabilities to consider
• Counter-UAV (threats are developing fast as we are) – ours and theirs
• Swarm and counterswarm capabilities (vulnerable maritime citadels)
• Development of capable unmanned systems operating in contested/denied
environments (will our systems survive or acceptably attrit—low cost)
• Missile defense/counterhypersonics – who defends and how?
• Advanced sea-to-land rapid transport remains a big challenge
We will initiate studies in these areas as a discussion/starting point

Tactical Technology Office (TTO):
Office Wide Broad Agency Announcement (BAA)
Pamela Melroy, Deputy Director
Briefing prepared for TTO Office Wide BAA Proposers’ Day
April 23, 2013

Why are we here today?
21
• We want to make sure that you understand our approach including:
− The areas we are focusing on and why, so that you can be more effective in what you
propose
− Our process and the realities about the way our office wide BAA works
• We want to answer your questions:
− During tomorrow’s sidebars, tell us your ideas for truly revolutionary technologies that
are aligned with a PM’s vision
− Tell us your thoughts on how we can tap into new ideas that can strengthen our
existing programs
• The interchange of ideas between DARPA and industry has always been at the
heart of TTO’s approach to developing revolutionary technologies:
− Many programs have started as seedlings from office wide BAA submissions

How does it work?
22
• 1-year-long office wide BAA:
− Designated BAA coordinator and email address
− Does not supersede program BAAs
• Executive summaries, white papers and proposals
Our “engine” is made up of our PMs’ visions

Things to keep in mind (1 of 2)
23
• No-Interest/Discourage means:
− In the form you submitted, we are not interested in your idea because:
− The submission does not present an approach to developing technology that is
aligned with the DARPA/TTO focus areas and interests
− The submission is not important to TTO’s areas of responsibility as outlined in the BAA
− The submission is not suitably structured to produce a TTO systems-level
demonstration or product
− The submission does not substantiate a revolutionary military capability within the
TTO portfolio
− The proposed approach does not clearly identify current limitations that would be
overcome
− The submission does not identify barriers to implementing new operational concepts
and postulate solutions
− The submission does not convey technology significantly beyond the state of the art
− It does NOT mean that you cannot resubmit after changing your concept or that
you cannot submit a full proposal... BUT chances of success are extremely slim

Things to keep in mind (2 of 2)
24
• Interest/Encourage means:
− We find your idea interesting and we would like to know more
− It does NOT mean that you are funded or that a full proposal will be accepted
• Funding potential:
− Intent is to fund seedlings at < $1M
− Proposals may have options for a larger follow-on program
− Efforts larger than seedlings are likely to be handled as a program (options or
through a program BAA)

Do and don’t
25
• DO read the BAA-13-22 document in its entirety
• DO use the executive summary and white paper process
• DO forward any questions related to the DARPA/TTO Office Wide BAA to DARPA-
BAA-13-22@darpa.mil
• Do NOT hand carry paper copies to the DARPA building
• Do NOT email/fax in your executive summary, white paper or proposal to the
BAA-13-22 mailbox
• Do NOT call to check on the status of your submission

Questions?
26
• How can we improve the process?*
*...please don’t ask us to change the Federal Acquisition Regulations!

www.darpa.mil

Ground Systems Panel Session
LTC Joseph Hitt, Ph.D. (Lead)
Mr. Aaron Moore
Dr. Gill Pratt
Mr. Stephen Waller
LTC Nathan Wiedenman, Ph.D.
TTO Office Wide BAA Proposers’ Day
April 23, 2013

Ground Systems legacy programs
Multidimensional
Mobility Robot
(MDMR)
2007
2008 2008
PerceptOR Crusher
Unmanned
Ground Combat
Vehicle (UGCV)
2004 2004
Iron Curtain
2009
Boomerang
2003
1978
M16 (Project Agile)
1967
1984
1970 1980 20101990
Army Tactical
Missile System
(Assault Breaker)
1982
2003
Pack Bot
UGCV +
PerceptOR
Integration
(UPI) BigDog
Autonomous
Land Vehicle
(ALV)Tank Breaker
Brilliant Anti-Tank
Munition (BAT) NetfiresTalon
2004
Tactical Mobile Robots (TMR)
1972
20021987
2000
Artist’s concept
2002

Ground Systems current programs
Legged Squad Support System (LS3)
Develop a highly mobile, semi-autonomous
quadruped ground vehicle to lighten the
Soldiers’ load
DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC)
Develop human-compatible robot
system for response to natural and
man-made disasters
Artist’s concept

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 4
Ground Systems current programs (cont.)
Extreme Accuracy Tasked Ordinance
(EXACTO)
Demonstrate closed-loop guided flight of a
.50-caliber bullet/weapon system and
survivability of bullet components
Persistent Close Air Support
(PCAS)
Enhance dismounted ground agent
effectiveness with equipment enabling
precise coordination and command of
airborne weapons
Adaptive Vehicle Make (AVM)
Revolutionize the design and build process for complex defense systems
by compressing the development timelines at least fivefold while
increasing the national pool of innovation by several factors of 10

Objective: Amplify unit/Soldier effectiveness
Ground Systems description
Today’s Environment Technical Goals
• Strategic environment is changing:
ground forces must do more with
less
• Adaptive enemies will continue to
engineer countermeasures to U.S.
technological advances
• A lack of overmatch at the Soldier
and squad levels
• Increasing vehicle capability and
protection is coupled to increasing
vehicle weight and volume
• Appropriate precision
response at multiple scales
• Agility and novel mobility at
multiple scales
• Reduced force density
• Manned and unmanned
operations
• Digitization at the squad level

Soldier/squad
• Situational awareness and mission command
• Lethality
• Mobility and human performance
• Squad-integrated unmanned platforms
• Advanced human-machine teaming at multiple scales
• Signature management
Vehicles
• Force protection and signature management
• Crew augmentation capability
• Platform mobility and lethality
• Improved platform capability efficiencies
Complex urban environments
• Novel approaches to urban mobility
• Reliable localization and intrasquad communication
• Outdoors-to-indoors unmanned operation
• Threat “anticipation” technology
• Tagging, tracking and locating
Ground Systems summary

www.darpa.mil

Maritime Systems Panel Session
Mr. Scott Littlefield (Lead)
Dr. Arthur Mabbett
Dr. Daniel Patt
CAPT Christopher Warren
April 23, 2013

Maritime Systems legacy programs
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Unmanned Undersea
Vehicle (UUV)
Tango Bravo
1988 2004
Sea Shadow
MK 50 Torpedo
Propulsion System
Submarine
Technology
(SUBTECH) Collaborative Networked
Autonomous Vehicle (CNAV)
19841969 1992 2008
Artist’s concept

Maritime Systems current programs
Artist’s concept
ASW Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel
(ACTUV)
Demonstrate unmanned vehicle’s capability to
track and monitor a diesel submarine to offload
tasks from manned platforms
Long Range Anti-Ship Missile
(LRASM)
Demonstrate an integrated prototype design of a
high-effectiveness anti-ship strike capability
Artist’s concept

Maritime Systems current programs (cont.)
Tactically Expandable Maritime Platform
(TEMP)
Develop modular technologies to convert an
unmodified commercial containership into a
surrogate naval platform
Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node
(TERN)
Develop Medium-Altitude, Long-Endurance
Unmanned Vehicle (MALE UAV) performance
operable from smaller ships
Artist’s concept

Objective: Control the sea, influence events on land
Maritime Systems description
Today’s Environment Future Vision
• Small numbers of well-defended
but expensive manned
platforms
• Threats and economic interests
spread through vast maritime
areas of operation: Naval assets
spread thin
• Increasing threat from long-
range missiles and sophisticated
ISR systems
• Insufficient capacity to deliver
effects from our most
survivable platforms
• Measure/countermeasure cost
imbalance favors our
adversaries
• Survivable and highly distributed
capability to deliver effects from
long distances
• Ability to perform big platform
missions without big platforms:
• Greatly expanded capacity
• Reduce “brittleness” of the
force
• Flip measure/countermeasure
cost imbalance in our favor
• Enhanced situational awareness
and threat detection

• Order-of-magnitude improvement in key operating parameters of maritime and subsurface vessels
(manned and unmanned)
• Sea-based unmanned air vehicles focusing on innovative aero designs and novel launch and recovery
of unmanned platforms. Expand operational reach of small ships
• Human operators can effectively perform tasks through remote unmanned systems operations,
utilizing minimal data content and communications bandwidth
• Nonlethal approaches to disable maritime platforms that are interspersed with noncombatant surface
vessels
• Advanced extended-range, high-speed propulsive agile torpedo engagement with reduced signatures
• Innovations in rail gun, coil gun, light gas gun and advanced cannon technologies
• Technologies that enable novel and cost-effective platform approaches to traditional maritime
missions
• Kinetic and nonkinetic defeat of nontraditional threats and high-volume precision engagement
against near-peer offensive systems
• Novel technologies that cost-effectively expand and bridge maritime and subsurface platform use
with other warfighting domains such as: maritime-to-air, maritime-to-space, subsurface-to-ground
combat and subsurface-to-air
• Propulsion technologies that enable new missions or deliver increased power, power density,
proficiency and/or an order-of-magnitude increase in key performance parameters (thrust,
endurance, top speed and time on target)
Maritime Systems summary

Air Systems Panel Session
Dr. Ashish Bagai (Lead)
Mr. Bob Arbach
Mr. Mark Gustafson
Mr. Stephen Waller
April 23, 2013

1980 1990 2000
2
Air Systems legacy programs
A-160
1998
No Tail Rotor
(NOTAR)
1981
Tacit Blue
X-45/46/47
Unmanned
Combat Armed
Rotorcraft
(UCAR)
Global Hawk
X-31
2003
X-50
1990
19821977
2002
X-32/35
1996
Have Blue
X-Wing
1975
2002
Falcon HTV-2
2011
Micro Air
Vehicle
(MAV)
2005
2010
1990
X-29
2005
Damage
Tolerant
Controls (DTC)
2011
Artist’s conceptArtist’s concept

3
Air Systems current programs
Develop and demonstrate technologies that enable
long-range, high-performance maneuvering
hypersonic flight; explore vehicle concepts for
tactical-range hypersonic cruise missiles and
hypersonic boost glide vehicles
ISR
Artist’s Concept
Hypersonic Technologies Triple Target Terminator (T3)
Range performance and target flexibility for
anti-aircraft, anti-cruise missiles, and
anti-surface to air radar

Air Systems current programs (cont.)
Transformer (TX)
Modular, versatile, unmanned airlift capability via
interchangeable, multi-mission payloads
Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) X-Plane
Artist’s Concepts
Transformational vertical flight capabilities
applicable to light-medium
class aircraft
4
Foundational technologies to enable
enhanced rotary-wing and VTOL
performance capabilities
Artist’s Concepts
Mission Adaptive Rotor (MAR)
Artist’s Concepts

5
Objective: Control the air and strike anytime/anywhere
Air Systems description
• Configuration innovations have
slowed down
• Lifecycle costs continue to
increase
• Performance capabilities have
saturated:
• Human in-the-loop control still
necessary
• Weapon/payload delivery is limited
and expensive
• Propulsion approaches are too
homogenous
• Concepts of employment and
operations have remained virtually
unchanged
• Experimental aircraft (X-Planes) –
demonstrate technologies at
relevant scales
• Advanced manufacturing and
improved reliability
• Expand performance envelope –
endurance, speed, range, payload,
survivability:
• Autonomy
• High-speed, low-cost precision strike
• Novel propulsion – hybridization,
distribution
• Improved capabilities to enable
improved and new missions

Air Systems summary
Technical goals for hypersonic platforms
• High-performance, robust hypersonic vehicle designs with large operational envelopes
• Lightweight, high-strength hypersonic airframe structures for expendable and reusable vehicles
• Novel materials and design approaches for active and passive thermal protection, able to
accommodate high heating for short durations and moderate heating for long durations
• Manufacturing technologies enabling new/novel aerospace materials and agile design for hypersonic
vehicle structures, e.g. additive manufacturing
• Adaptive reconfigurable control, real-time trajectory optimization, robust energy management
• Propulsion systems: Scramjets, combined cycle
Technical goals for all novel air vehicles
• Specific technologies to support extreme-range, high-speed, low-cost, long-endurance operations
• New control laws, maneuver and control techniques
• Hybrid and/or distributed propulsion systems
• Flow control, drag reduction
• Multifunctional subsystems
• Advanced test and simulation
• Nontraditional weapon concepts

www.darpa.mil

Space Systems Panel Session
Lt Col Travis Blake, Ph.D. (Lead)
Mr. David Barnhart
Mr. Mitchell Burnside Clapp
Lt Col John Losinski
Mr. Jess Sponable
April 23, 2013

2
Space Systems legacy programs
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Global Low
Orbiting Message
Relay (GLOMR)
Pegasus
DARPASAT
Taurus
Falcon Small Launch
Vehicle
MiTEX
Orbital Express (OE)
Space Surveillance
Telescope (SST)
Artist’s concept
1985 1995 2003 2007
1990 2006
Saturn V
(F-1 engine)
19971957 2013

3
Space Systems current programs
Demonstrate a cost-effective way to increase the amount
and quality of Space Situational Awareness (SSA)
information critical to warfighters: purchase data rather
than build and operate sensors
OrbitOutlook
Develop technology to image a GEO
satellite from the ground by utilizing
fixed mobile telescopes, each with
adaptive optics and a guide star, to
create multiple baselines that can be
used to reconstruct the image through
an inverse Fourier transformArtist’s Concept
Galileo
Artist’s Concept
Develop an advanced ground-based optical system for
rapid, wide-area, uncued detection and tracking of faint
objects in deep space
Space Surveillance Telescope (SST)

4
Space Systems current programs (cont.)
ISR
Airborne Launch Assist Space Access
(ALASA)
Deploy small satellites to orbit from an airborne
platform, allowing performance improvement,
reducing range costs, and flying more frequently,
which drives cost per pound down
Upgrade Synchronized Position, Hold, Engage,
and Reorient Experimental Satellites (SPHERES)
with manipulator arms to support and upgrade
the docking ports to reduce fuel consumption
International Space Station SPHERES
Integrated Research Experiments
(InSPIRE)
Artist’s concepts

5
Space Systems current programs (cont.)
ISR
Strike
Phoenix
Develop technologies to harvest and re-use
components from retired, nonworking satellites in
GEO and demonstrate the ability to create new
space systems at a greatly reduced cost
Artist’s Concept
Membrane Optic Imager Real-
Time Exploitation (MOIRE)
Provide persistent tactical video coverage
to the warfighter
Artist’s Concept

6
Objective: Normalize and simplify space
Space Systems description
• Congested
• Contested
• Complex
• Costly
• Affordable routine access
• Reduce escalating systems cost
• New capability
• Survivability/resilience/
reconstitution/autonomy
• Disaggregation/simplification
• Indications- and warning-
enabled Space Domain
Awareness (SDA)

7
• Affordable and routine access through space:
• Runway-compatible, infrastructure-free point-to-point transport
• Extreme space mobility – Solar-electric and other revolutionary concepts
• Tactical missions and enabling technologies – Persistent LEO (500-10,000km)
• Modular satellite concepts for disaggregation or enhanced capability
• Sparse aperture communications to enable fiber-like bandwidth
• Novel low-size, -weight, and -payload (SWaP) for small satellite missions
• Awareness by utilization of current sensor systems in a data-for-fee model:
• Algorithms to support indications and warning of space events
• High phase-angle small object custody for continuous GEO tracking
Space Systems summary

www.darpa.mil

DARPA TTO Briefing Outlines Focus on Ground, Maritime, Air and Space Systems

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