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Digital Natives and Virtual Libraries:
                What Does the Future Hold for
                                                         Libraries?

                                                                   Yaşar Tonta
                                                           Department of Information Management
                                                                   Hacettepe University
                                                                 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
                                                                  tonta@hacettepe.edu.tr
                                                               yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/
Tonta, Digital natives..., 1 June 2009, Krakow, Poland                                          1
Outline
• Digital natives, digital immigrants
• “Brick-and-mortar-libraries” vs. virtual
  libraries
• Web 2.0 and Library 2.0
• The phenomenon of “Convergence”
  – Reflections in information services
  – Reflections in education for information
• Conclusion


                                               2
Digital Citizenship Test
1. Can you read this? “kdz n colleG? ms em? U2 cn lrn txtN”
2. Do you (not your kids or grandkids) own an ipod?
3. Have you tried out a Wii? What game do you like the best?
4. Do you use a smart phone (ie, email, video, photos …)?
5. Do you IM? Do you Blog? What do you learn from it?
                                        Naturalized
6. Do you know who “Lonely Girl 15” is?
                         Immigrant
                                          citizen         Native
     Fossils
7. Can you name 3 popular ways to watch TV shows without a
TV?
8. Have you ever WiFi’d in Starbucks?
9. Do you know the importance of “mashup” sites? Have you
             0-1           2-7             8-10     11-12
competed in a Mash Up competition?
10.What does MID mean?
11.What is more collaborative Sharepoint or Wiki and what is the
difference?
                                                           Source: Fred Stein, Digital Immigrants, Digital Natives and the Information Age
                                                                                                                                     3

  Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                                             3
Digital Natives
                                                         • Speedy access to
                                                           information
                                                         • Parallel processing
                                                         • Graphics over text
                                                         • Random access
                                                           (hypertext)
                                                         • Constantly
                                                           interconnected
                                                         • Games


Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                     4
Digital Immigrants




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   5
Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants
                                                                              Different kinds of experiences lead
                                                                                 to different brain structures.
                                                                                 -Dr. Bruce D. Berry, Baylor
                                                                                     College of Medicine
                   http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital
                     %20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
                                                                              “Children raised with the computer
                                                                              “think differently from the rest of us.
                                                                              They develop hypertext minds. They
                                                                              leap around. It’s as though their
                                                                              cognitive structures were parallel, not
                                                                              sequential.” . . . “Linear thought
                                                                              processes that dominate educational
                                                                              systems now can actually retard
                                                                              learning for brains developed through
                                                                              game and Web-surfing processes
              http://d.scribd.com/docs/25yfw2gwramobinjk3vt.pdf               on the computer.”
Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                                    6
Is Google Making Us Stupid?



                                                              “I have almost
                                                           completely lost my
                                                            ability to read and
                                                          understand a longish
                                                         article from the Web or
                                                                from print.”
                                                             Bruce Freedman




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland               7
Where’s the Library?




D. Kohl, Where's the library? (Editorial), The Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 (2) (2006), pp. 117–118.
    Tonta, Digital natives... 13 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
     45. Kütüphane Haftası, J une 2009, Krakow, Poland
                                                                                                          8
Librespace




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   9
Second Life “Info Island”




45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                10
Second Life “Info Island” Collections




 Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   11
Second Life Reference Service




                                                             “Second Life is not a
                                                         replacement for the first life.”
                                                          Source: S.T Plutchak, The librarian: fantastic adventures
                                                             in the digital world, Serials, 20(2): 89, July 2007.



Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                        12
Libraries as Virtual Destinations




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   13
Social Networks as New Web Portals
                                                          •   Social networks: Web within
                                                              webs
                                                          •   Using Web 2.0, social networks
                                                              provide a single point of access
                                                              to various serrvices
                                                          •   Facebook has over 52,000
                                                              different applications
                                                          •   Yahoo!, Google and Facebook
                                                              users spent 200 billion minutes
                                                              (139 million days) on these
                                                              services in one month (October
                                                              2008)
                                                          •   Google’s mission is “to organize
                                                              the world’s content”, social
                                                              networks’ mission is to “organize
                                                              the world’s people”
                                                          •   The mission is not to create
                                                              virtual destinations but to “build
                                                              constellations” by combining
                                                              “connectivity, communications,
                                                              and content”
 Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                             14
What is Web 2.0?
                                                         “”. .second generation of web
                                                             development and design that
                                                             facilitates communication, secure
                                                             information sharing, . .
                                                             interoperability, and collaboration
                                                             on the . . . Web. Web 2.0
                                                             concepts have led to the
                                                             development and evolution of
                                                             web-based communities, hosted
                                                             services, and applications such
                                                             as social-networking sites, video-
                                                             sharing sites, wikis, blogs, and
                                                             folksonomies.”
                                                                  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0
Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                         15
Web 2.0 Meme Map




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                                               16
                                                         Source: http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html
. . .when CNN saw the
                                                 image it moved quickly to
                                                      confirm with Dutch
                                                   officials that a crash had
                                                happened. "Within minutes
                                                  we were reporting on the
                                                  story. We then confirmed
                                                  with the Twitter user that
                                                  the image was theirs and
                                                 took it to air. "This proves
                                                that social networking sites
                                                      can be a real asset in
                                                   covering breaking news
                                                  and gathering eyewitness
                                                     accounts but the web
                                                  should always be treated
                                                    with extreme caution,"
45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul             Barnett17said.
45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                18
Web 2.0 + Library = Library 2.0
 (Miller, 2005)


 • Library 2.0 is a loosely defined model for
   a modernized form of library service that
   reflects a transition within the library world
   in the way that services are delivered to
   users.
 • The focus is on user-centered change and
   participation in the creation of content and
   community.


                                                         Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_2.0
Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                   19
Library 2.0 Meme Map




                                                         Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/42538191@N00/113222147/
Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                                 20
Web 2.0 Technologies Used in Library 2.0
• Distribution                                             • Concentration • Library
   – RSS                                                     – Google        management
   – Wikis                                                   – Amazon        environment
   – Blogs                                                   – Flickr                      –    User data
   – Podcasts                                                – Facebook                    –    Tags
   – IM                                                      –…                            –    Reviews
   – Twitter                                                                               –    Circulation
   – Social networks                                                                       –    Clicks
     (Folksonomies)                                                                        –    …
   – Simple API’s
   – Mashups/Remix

                                                                          Source: http://orweblog.oclc.org/archives/001556.html

  Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                                  21
Always on Libraries. . .




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   22
The Horizon Report
                                                            •   Mobiles
                                                            •   Cloud computing
                                                            •   Geospatial info
                                                            •   Personal web
                                                            •   Semantic apps
                                                            •   Smart objects
                                                                (“Internet of
                                                                things”)

http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/CSD5612.pdf
   Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                 23
“Mobile Library”




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   24
OCLC WorldCat can be searched from within Facebook




  45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                  25
“tonta” on OCLC WorldCat




45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                  26
User-supplied data on OCLC WorldCat. . . Tags




                                                Registered users can add their
                                                          own tags



45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                                      27
. . . Added tags become part of the OCLC
              WorldCat record




                                                Added tags




45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                             28
User-supplied notes on OCLC WorldCat
      become part of the record




                                                TOC can be added
45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                                   29
User-supplied TOC becomes part of the
               record




45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                30
User-supplied book reviews become part of
       the OCLC WorldCat record




 Book review published in Türk Kütüphaneciliği’


 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                  31
Record can be marked and shared




45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                32
Bookmark can be recorded on delicious
             http://delicious.com/ytonta




45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                33
Facebook Friends of the user can see the record of the book
                          with an explanatory note. . .




45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul
                                                                   34
The Phenomenon of Convergence

 • “intertwinement of technologies”
 • Mobile phone is not just a
   communication tool anymore
 • Users’ work, learning and private lives
   converge




Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   35
Convergence in libraries
 • Decreasing importance of “library-as-a-place”
 • Remote access to information sources
 • Increasing competition in library and information
   services
 • Convergence of library types
 • Providing information services through converging
   technologies
 • Moving information services to where users are
   (work, learning, home and travel environments)
 • Integration of outside information sources and
   services with those of libraries
 • Integration of user-supplied content with the
   standard content
Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   36
Convergence in education for information

       • Increasing numbers of information professionals
       • Demand for more knowledgeable and skillful
         professionals
       • Obsolescence of faculty and students’
         knowledge and skills
       • The need for creation and maintenance of
         flexible, interdisciplinary programs
       • Coverage of “the Internet of Things”, Web 3.0
         and Social semantic network in education for
         information programs

 Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   37
What does the future hold for libraries?
• Digital natives will demand information sources and
  services embedded in their work, study, and social
  environments
• Information sources and services will be catered to the
  users through Web 2.0, Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web
• Information services will be more relationship-centric
  rather than resource-centric (Lagoze, 2000)
• Real & virtual library services will be provided in parallel
• Permanent preservation of digital information will be of
  paramount importance
• Education for information will be mashed up with other
  disciplines
  Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   38
http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/

      http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/tonta-krakow-2009-full-text.pdf




                                                                                      http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/tonta-lcats-2008.pdf




                                                                                          http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/tonta-belgrade-2008-full-text-son.pdf



Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                                                                       39
Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland   40
Digital Natives and Virtual Libraries:
                What Does the Future Hold for
                                                         Libraries?

                                                                   Yaşar Tonta
                                                           Department of Information Management
                                                                   Hacettepe University
                                                                 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
                                                                  tonta@hacettepe.edu.tr
                                                               yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/
Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland                                          41

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Digital natives and virtual libraries: What does the future hold for libraries?

  • 1. Digital Natives and Virtual Libraries: What Does the Future Hold for Libraries? Yaşar Tonta Department of Information Management Hacettepe University Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey tonta@hacettepe.edu.tr yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/ Tonta, Digital natives..., 1 June 2009, Krakow, Poland 1
  • 2. Outline • Digital natives, digital immigrants • “Brick-and-mortar-libraries” vs. virtual libraries • Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 • The phenomenon of “Convergence” – Reflections in information services – Reflections in education for information • Conclusion 2
  • 3. Digital Citizenship Test 1. Can you read this? “kdz n colleG? ms em? U2 cn lrn txtN” 2. Do you (not your kids or grandkids) own an ipod? 3. Have you tried out a Wii? What game do you like the best? 4. Do you use a smart phone (ie, email, video, photos …)? 5. Do you IM? Do you Blog? What do you learn from it? Naturalized 6. Do you know who “Lonely Girl 15” is? Immigrant citizen Native Fossils 7. Can you name 3 popular ways to watch TV shows without a TV? 8. Have you ever WiFi’d in Starbucks? 9. Do you know the importance of “mashup” sites? Have you 0-1 2-7 8-10 11-12 competed in a Mash Up competition? 10.What does MID mean? 11.What is more collaborative Sharepoint or Wiki and what is the difference? Source: Fred Stein, Digital Immigrants, Digital Natives and the Information Age 3 Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 3
  • 4. Digital Natives • Speedy access to information • Parallel processing • Graphics over text • Random access (hypertext) • Constantly interconnected • Games Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 4
  • 5. Digital Immigrants Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 5
  • 6. Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Different kinds of experiences lead to different brain structures. -Dr. Bruce D. Berry, Baylor College of Medicine http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital %20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf “Children raised with the computer “think differently from the rest of us. They develop hypertext minds. They leap around. It’s as though their cognitive structures were parallel, not sequential.” . . . “Linear thought processes that dominate educational systems now can actually retard learning for brains developed through game and Web-surfing processes http://d.scribd.com/docs/25yfw2gwramobinjk3vt.pdf on the computer.” Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 6
  • 7. Is Google Making Us Stupid? “I have almost completely lost my ability to read and understand a longish article from the Web or from print.” Bruce Freedman Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 7
  • 8. Where’s the Library? D. Kohl, Where's the library? (Editorial), The Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 (2) (2006), pp. 117–118. Tonta, Digital natives... 13 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 45. Kütüphane Haftası, J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 8
  • 9. Librespace Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 9
  • 10. Second Life “Info Island” 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 10
  • 11. Second Life “Info Island” Collections Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 11
  • 12. Second Life Reference Service “Second Life is not a replacement for the first life.” Source: S.T Plutchak, The librarian: fantastic adventures in the digital world, Serials, 20(2): 89, July 2007. Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 12
  • 13. Libraries as Virtual Destinations Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 13
  • 14. Social Networks as New Web Portals • Social networks: Web within webs • Using Web 2.0, social networks provide a single point of access to various serrvices • Facebook has over 52,000 different applications • Yahoo!, Google and Facebook users spent 200 billion minutes (139 million days) on these services in one month (October 2008) • Google’s mission is “to organize the world’s content”, social networks’ mission is to “organize the world’s people” • The mission is not to create virtual destinations but to “build constellations” by combining “connectivity, communications, and content” Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 14
  • 15. What is Web 2.0? “”. .second generation of web development and design that facilitates communication, secure information sharing, . . interoperability, and collaboration on the . . . Web. Web 2.0 concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities, hosted services, and applications such as social-networking sites, video- sharing sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies.” Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0 Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 15
  • 16. Web 2.0 Meme Map Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 16 Source: http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html
  • 17. . . .when CNN saw the image it moved quickly to confirm with Dutch officials that a crash had happened. "Within minutes we were reporting on the story. We then confirmed with the Twitter user that the image was theirs and took it to air. "This proves that social networking sites can be a real asset in covering breaking news and gathering eyewitness accounts but the web should always be treated with extreme caution," 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul Barnett17said.
  • 18. 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 18
  • 19. Web 2.0 + Library = Library 2.0 (Miller, 2005) • Library 2.0 is a loosely defined model for a modernized form of library service that reflects a transition within the library world in the way that services are delivered to users. • The focus is on user-centered change and participation in the creation of content and community. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_2.0 Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 19
  • 20. Library 2.0 Meme Map Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/42538191@N00/113222147/ Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 20
  • 21. Web 2.0 Technologies Used in Library 2.0 • Distribution • Concentration • Library – RSS – Google management – Wikis – Amazon environment – Blogs – Flickr – User data – Podcasts – Facebook – Tags – IM –… – Reviews – Twitter – Circulation – Social networks – Clicks (Folksonomies) – … – Simple API’s – Mashups/Remix Source: http://orweblog.oclc.org/archives/001556.html Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 21
  • 22. Always on Libraries. . . Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 22
  • 23. The Horizon Report • Mobiles • Cloud computing • Geospatial info • Personal web • Semantic apps • Smart objects (“Internet of things”) http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/CSD5612.pdf Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 23
  • 24. “Mobile Library” Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 24
  • 25. OCLC WorldCat can be searched from within Facebook 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 25
  • 26. “tonta” on OCLC WorldCat 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 26
  • 27. User-supplied data on OCLC WorldCat. . . Tags Registered users can add their own tags 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 27
  • 28. . . . Added tags become part of the OCLC WorldCat record Added tags 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 28
  • 29. User-supplied notes on OCLC WorldCat become part of the record TOC can be added 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 29
  • 30. User-supplied TOC becomes part of the record 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 30
  • 31. User-supplied book reviews become part of the OCLC WorldCat record Book review published in Türk Kütüphaneciliği’ 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 31
  • 32. Record can be marked and shared 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 32
  • 33. Bookmark can be recorded on delicious http://delicious.com/ytonta 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 33
  • 34. Facebook Friends of the user can see the record of the book with an explanatory note. . . 45. Kütüphane Haftası, 3 Nisan 2009, İstanbul 34
  • 35. The Phenomenon of Convergence • “intertwinement of technologies” • Mobile phone is not just a communication tool anymore • Users’ work, learning and private lives converge Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 35
  • 36. Convergence in libraries • Decreasing importance of “library-as-a-place” • Remote access to information sources • Increasing competition in library and information services • Convergence of library types • Providing information services through converging technologies • Moving information services to where users are (work, learning, home and travel environments) • Integration of outside information sources and services with those of libraries • Integration of user-supplied content with the standard content Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 36
  • 37. Convergence in education for information • Increasing numbers of information professionals • Demand for more knowledgeable and skillful professionals • Obsolescence of faculty and students’ knowledge and skills • The need for creation and maintenance of flexible, interdisciplinary programs • Coverage of “the Internet of Things”, Web 3.0 and Social semantic network in education for information programs Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 37
  • 38. What does the future hold for libraries? • Digital natives will demand information sources and services embedded in their work, study, and social environments • Information sources and services will be catered to the users through Web 2.0, Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web • Information services will be more relationship-centric rather than resource-centric (Lagoze, 2000) • Real & virtual library services will be provided in parallel • Permanent preservation of digital information will be of paramount importance • Education for information will be mashed up with other disciplines Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 38
  • 39. http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/ http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/tonta-krakow-2009-full-text.pdf http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/tonta-lcats-2008.pdf http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/tonta-belgrade-2008-full-text-son.pdf Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 39
  • 40. Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 40
  • 41. Digital Natives and Virtual Libraries: What Does the Future Hold for Libraries? Yaşar Tonta Department of Information Management Hacettepe University Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey tonta@hacettepe.edu.tr yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/ Tonta, Digital natives... 1 J une 2009, Krakow, Poland 41