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Standards as enablers for innovation in education - a reality check
1. Standards as enablers for
innovation in education
– a reality check
Tore Hoel check
– a reality of Applied Sciences
Oslo and Akershus University College
Oslo, Norway
ICCE 2013, Bali,
Indonesia
4. Outline
• Paradoxes of Standardisation
• Innovation
• Creation – the standardisation process
• Implementation
• Feedback
• Why the process doesn't work?
• Could it be put right?
5. Battle of the Standard
22 August 1138 in Yorkshire,
England.
20. The standardisation process
Factors in the standards
development setting
Factors in the
implementation setting
Creators
Idea
Implementers
Specification
Standards (maintenance)
process
Implement
-ation
Implementation
process
Users
Egyedi 2008
26. Ken Krechmer (2005) Open Standards
Requirements
Creators, implementers and
users see openness differently
27. e-InfraNet: ‘Open’ as the default modus operandi for research and higher
education
http://e-infranet.eu/output/e-infranet-open-as-the-default-modus-operandi-for-research-and-higher-education/
The range of Opens
28. Timing - when to start
creating the standard?
Need
Responsiv
e
standards
Anticipator
y
standards
Participator
y
standards
Product or Service
33. Implementation process
Factors in the standards
development setting
Factors in the
implementation setting
Creators
Idea
Implementers
Specification
Standards (maintenance)
process
Implementation
process
Users
Implement
-ation
35. Standards characteristics
– Small is beautiful
• Well-formed
• Understandable
• Right size
Mendling, J., Reijers, H. A., and Cardoso, J. (2007). What makes process models
understandable?
38. User feedback
Factors in the standards
development setting
Factors in the
implementation setting
Creators
Idea
Implementers
Specification
Standards (maintenance)
process
Implementation
process
Users
Implement
-ation
ICCE Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, Open Educational Content, and Standards
Grim, pessimistic picture
England vs. Scotland 1138
Carraccio
Open and Closed?
Let us crack this paradox, so we can move on the more interesting ones.
The formal standards organisations may claim that they are doing open standards because they have an open and transparent process leading up to a document that is available for all for a fair and reasonable price. However, if the contributors to these documents and their users are being part of a culture that see even a small price as an obstacle to their involvement, «open closed» will be taken for closed and not a viable option. This is especially the case, when the community (in this case the educational community) is starting to buy in to ideas like OER and Open Access.
Open vs. closed innovation
Knowledge widely distributed - found outside the company.
Inbound & outbound flows of knowledge
Actors - Engaging research
Process - Openness
Output (product / document) - Quality and Timeliness
Standards bureaucrats
Researchers - University
Expenses, flexible process, positive for my research, my expertise relevant, knowledge about the process, influence, cost…
2 days in September
24 Sep The Workshop has been on a wrong track for more than ten years: To produce standards that are open and freely available for download and use for all is wrong. CEN standards are documents for sale. The experts that are contributing their work for free in the workshop need to buy the standards back in order to read and use them. This is a matter of principle, compromising this system will put all CEN standardisation in jeopardy. It must be stopped, even if not a single euro is earned by selling the CWAs of the Workshop.
25 Sep Alle educational materials supported by EU projects should be available to the public under open licenses. Open interoperability standards are necessary to ensure economics of scale, and «such standards must remain open». Therefore, the Commission will «promote the development of open frameworks and standards for interoperability and portability of digital educational content, application and services, including OER, in cooperation with European standardization organisations and programmes».
Creators, implementers and users see openness differently (Kretschmer, 2005)
Research willing to do anticipatory
Industry more reluctant
Participants role: «Wait!»
Standards characteristics
⁃Small is beautiful
⁃How to engage implementers and users - need of agencies to promote; what if the vendors don't botherUnderstanding the market
⁃Is formal standardisation able to compete with consortia?
Example, MLR vs. LRMI
Accounting principles inspired frameworks: correctness, clarity, relevance, comparability, economic efficiency, and systematic design
Asking the users: “larger models tend to be negatively connected with quality” (Mendeling et al. 2007)
Athens declaration (MLO-AD): “Harmonization efforts should focus on small, simple models based upon existing commonalities that can be expanded upon at national or regional level, rather than all- inclusive monolithic standards.”
MLR: ISO backing, nearly 10 years, academic semantic web interest
LRMI: June 2011, schema.org (Google, Yahoo..), visibility in web searches, industry involvement, CC, Gates foundation, freely used by all,