Talk at Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs Holmdel

1. Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs Holmdel
Content-Centric Networking in
Opportunistic and Mobile Networks
Torsten Braun, Universität Bern, Switzerland
braun@iam.unibe.ch, cds.unibe.ch
contributions from Carlos Anastasiades, Elham Cheriki,
Tobias Schmid, Vasilios Siris, Alexander Striffeler, Jürg Weber

2. Overview
> Introduction
— Current Research projects
— Content-Centric Networking (CCN)
— Service-Centric Networking (SCN)
> CCN and Opportunistic Networks
— Overhearing
— Resume Operation
— Pipelining
— Multicast
— Delegation Service
> CCN and Network Coding
> CCN and Mobility
> EU FP7 Integrated Project: mobile-cloud-networking.eu
— Mobile Cloud Network (MCN) Architecture
— Micro / Macro Data Centres and Virtual Mobile Networks
— Follow-Me Cloud
> Conclusions
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Torsten Braun: Content-Centric Networking in Opportunistic and Mobile Networks
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3. CDS Research Projects
Regensdorf, November 30, 2011
Torsten Braun: Computer Networks and Distributed Systems Research
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Wireless
Networks
Cloud
Computing
Content-Centric
Networks
Service-Centric
Networking
Mobile Cloud Networking
Enhanced Mobile Communication
with Content-Centric Networks
Integral Indoor 3D Guidance and
Access-Control System (In3DGuide)
Swiss Academic
Compute Cloud

4. Content-Centric Networking (CCN)
> Messages
— Interest: content name, selector
— Data: content name, signature (info), data
> Hierarchical content names
— Example: /unibe.ch/braun/lecture/os/20130521
> Related Projects
— NDN = Named Data Networking, www.named-data.net
— CCNx = Open Source Core Software Project for
Content-Centric Networking, www.ccnx.org
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5. Service-Centric Networking (SCN)
> Service-Centric Networking
— Extension of content-centric networking to support services
— Object names for both services (functions) and content (data), e.g.,
– /youtube.com/rendering
– /unibe.ch/braun/lecture/os/20130521
— Service request (response) in Interest (Data) message
> Examples Services
— Cloud computing
– find/call cloud services (computation, storage)
– deploy cloud services
– support caching of data stored in the cloud
— Web services
— Continuous multimedia retrieval and streaming services,
— Event services, e.g., exceeding sensor/stock data thresholds
— In-network services, e.g., aggregation and filtering of (sensor) data
T. Braun, V. Hilt, M. Hofmann, I. Rimac, M. Steiner, M. Varvello: Service-Centric Networking,
IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), pp.1-6, Kyoto, 5-9 June 2011
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6. Service-Centric Network
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Service request/response
SCN router
SCN network

7. SCN Prototype Evaluation
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user1 ccnd1
client1
user2 ccnd2
client2 ccndr
conversion
service &
repository
CCN router
ccndp
publisher
1/8
2/7
11/12
3
5
6
4
13/14
18/19
10
15
9
16
17/20
186 31 4
0
50
100
150
200
1-8 9-16 17-20
time [s]
1-8: Client 1 retrieves bit map image (36 MB)
9-16: Client 2 retrieves JPEG image (6 MB)
17-20: Client 1 retrieves JPEG image
Torsten Braun, Andreas Mauthe, Vasilios Siris:
Service-Centric Networking Extensions,
28th ACM Symposium on Applied Computing,
Coimbra, Portugal, March 18 - 22, 2013

8. CCN and Opportunistic Networks
> CCN and Opportunistic Networks seem to be a good match.
— No beaconing required to learn about neighbor nodes
— No need for neighbour lists
— Exploitation of broadcast property of wireless media:
→ single Interest to many neighbor nodes
> Reduced delay and network load due to possible caching
> Issue: Short node encounters require
— Efficient data transfer
– Overhearing broadcast transmissions
– Pipelining
— Resume operations to handle disruptions
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Encounter

9. Overhearing
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2
1
3
4Interest
Data

10. File Exchange in Opportunistic Networks
> Problems:
— File exchange might not be completed during short encounter.
— Caches do not store data persistently
> Solution:
— Partial file download and resume operation
(supported by meta data per file)
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Name of Content Object
Version of Content Object
Next Segment
File Position
Publisher’s public key digest
Expiration time

11. Resume Operation
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12. Evaluation of Resume Operation
> Scenario:
— 1 source and 1 consumer
— 1 disruption after a certain amount of exchanged data
> Evaluation of transfer time for a 5 MB file with PCEngines
ALIX wireless mesh nodes and different data message sizes
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13. Pipelining
> Pipelining to support fast file exchange
> TCP-like control of pipeline sizes
— Slow start and exponential increase of concurrent Interest messages
> MAC layer unicast:
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14. Multicast
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> Problems by MAC layer multicast
— No MAC layer ACKs / retransmissions
— Interest retransmissions

15. Energy Consumption
> Energy consumption measurements in a 3 wireless mesh node
scenario with multicast using digital multi-meter
> Energy consumption for a 5 MB file transfer
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16. Delegation Service
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17. Network Coding and CCN
> Regular case:
— 4 Interests + 4 Data
messages
> Network Coding:
— 3 Interests + 3 Data
messages
> Problem: Naming
> Proposal: Encapsulation
Alexander Striffeler:
Network Coding in mobile CCN,
Bachelor Thesis at Universität Bern
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Interest A
Interest B
Interest A B
Data A
Data B
Data A B

18. Network Coding of CCN Data Messages
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19. CCN and Mobility
> CCN inherently support receiver mobility !
> Problem: Source Mobility
— Finding a source’s location at the beginning of and when source is moving during
communication.
> Solutions (for general Information-Centric Networking approaches)
— Routing-based approaches
– (Proactive) updating of routing tables in case of moving sources
→ issues on scalability and convergence
— Indirection
– (Home) agent forwards all Content Requests to mobile source, cf. Mobile IP.
→ location-based identifiers, cf. location/identity separation.
— Resolution
– Receiver requests location-based identifier for a content name in a Content Request.
– Approach adds resolution phase and requires resolution entities in visited networks.
> Conclusions and Suggestions
— Both content names and locators might be needed to efficiently support CCN
source mobility.
— Flexible use of content names / locators, possibly using late binding
Vasilios Siris, Torsten Braun et al.: Content-Centric Networking Architectures for Moving Objects, COST Action
IC0906, STSM Report, 2012, http://cost-winemo.org/
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20. EU FP7 Integrated Project:
mobile-cloud-networking.eu
> Integration of
— Radio Access Network
— Mobile Core Network
— Data Centre (computing, storage, applications)
into (decentralized) cloud computing infrastructure (management!)
> Advantages: elasticity, costs, performance, e.g., by
exploitation of user location for service provisioning → Follow Me Cloud
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21. Mobile Cloud Network (MCN) Architecture
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22. Micro / Macro Data Centres and
Virtual Mobile Networks
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23. Follow-Me Cloud
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24. Conclusions and Outlook
> Conclusions
— CCN has benefits in wireless / opportunistic networks
— Services can be supported by CCN
— CCN supports receiver mobility, but source mobility is an issue.
> Outlook
— MCN investigates CCN for caching of mobile users’ cloud data
— SNSF project on SCN: service naming, routing, and management
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25. Thank You for Your Attention !
> braun@iam.unibe.ch
> http://cds.unibe.ch
> http://www.slideshare.net/torstenbraun
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