This document discusses how to create and manipulate 3D objects in Adobe Illustrator. It covers extruding and revolving 2D objects, adjusting surface shading and lighting, mapping artwork onto 3D objects, and working with a perspective grid. Key topics include using the Extrude and Revolve effects, manipulating lighting settings, choosing different surface shadings, mapping symbols onto 3D surfaces, and drawing in perspective using the perspective grid tool.

1. Chapter 10
Creating 3D Objects

2. Objectives
• Extrude objects
• Revolve objects
• Manipulate surface shading and lighting
• Map artwork to 3D objects
• Work with a perspective grid

3. Extrude Objects
• Extrude & Bevel effects apply three-
dimensional effects to two-dimensional
objects.
– Two-dimensional objects have two axes: X for
width and Y for height
– Three-dimensional objects have Z axis added

4. Extrude Objects
• Determine the degree of extrusion by
changing the Extrude Depth value in 3D
Extrude & Bevel Options dialog box.
• Use the Caps buttons in 3D Extrude & Bevel
Options dialog box to make objects appear
solid or hollow.

5. Extrude Objects
Objects before and after being extruded

6. Extrude Objects
Rotating 3D objects
• The 3D Extrude & Bevel Options dialog box
offers controls for rotating extruded objects.
• Rotate manually by dragging rotation cube.

7. Extrude Objects
• When you rotate the cube, values on the X, Y, and
Z axes update to reflect the changes made.
• Enter values in these boxes to rotate object at
specific angles.
• Once you extrude an object, you can view any
surface – front, back, left, or right.

8. Extrude Objects
Rotation
cube
X axis text box
Y axis text box
Z axis text box

9. Extrude Objects
Simple compound path Complex compound path
Simple compound path, extruded Complex compound path, extruded

10. Extrude Objects
• The Bevel menu offers ten predefined bevel
shapes you can apply to the edge of an
extruded object.
• You control the width of a bevel edge with the
Height slider.

11. Extrude Objects
Choose from 10
bevel shapes

12. Extrude Objects
Cove
RollingJaggy
Classic
Complex 2
Rounded
Bevel
shapes
applied to
edges

13. Extrude Objects
When Illustrator has difficulty rendering an
object with a beveled edge, a warning appears
in the 3D Extrude & Bevel Options dialog box.

14. Extrude Objects
• Sometimes there is no solution, but your best
bet is to reduce the bevel width.
• Decide how to apply bevel using the Bevel
Extent In and Bevel Extent Out buttons in 3D
Extrude & Bevel Options dialog box.

15. Extrude Objects
Bevel Extent Out button
Bevel Extent In button
Warning that beveled
edge may not have been
rendered well

16. Extrude Objects
Extruded text

17. Revolve Objects
Revolving an object “sweeps” a path in a circular
direction around the Y axis.
– Surface shading is applied automatically
– By default, object revolved around the vertical axis
that represents leftmost point
– The 3D Revolve Options dialog box offers an
option to revolve object from right edge

18. Revolve Objects
Revolving an object around
its left edge
Revolving an object around
its right edge

19. Revolve Objects
• A revolution occurs around the vertical axis.
– Starting path will depict half of the object you want
to revolve
• Once revolved, an object can be rotated by
using the 3D Revolve Options dialog box.
– It presents all surfaces of the graphic

20. Revolve Objects
Options for
revolving
objects

21. Revolve Objects
Identifying the path used to produce the revolved 3D graphic

22. Revolve Objects
A revolved graphic rotated four ways

23. Revolve Objects
• Apply the Revolve effect to multiple paths
simultaneously.
– Can be open or closed paths
• When Revolve effect is applied to multiple
paths, each path is revolved around its own
axis.

24. Revolve Objects
Revolving grouped objects
• When grouped, multiple paths are revolved
around a single axis.
• When multiple paths are grouped and
revolved, they will also rotate together.

25. Revolve Objects
Two grouped paths revolved around a single y-axis.
Object
before it is
revolved.
Object
after it is
revolved.

26. Revolve Objects
Four grouped paths after being revolved and rotated

27. Revolve Objects
Increasing the
Offset value in
the 3D Revolve
Options dialog
box increases
how far from the
Y axis the object
is revolved.
Enter
offset
value
here

28. Revolve Objects
Object revolved with a 90-
point offset from its Y-axis
Rotated object shows
90-point offset more clearly

29. Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting
When you apply the Extrude & Bevel effect or
Revolve effect, surface shading and lighting is
applied automatically but can be manipulated.

30. • When you revolve an object, four surface
shadings are available:
– Wireframe
– No Shading
– Diffuse Shading
– Plastic Shading
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

31. Wireframe No Shading Diffuse Shading Plastic Shading
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

32. When you choose Diffuse Shading or Plastic Shading, a
number of lighting controls are available.
• Lighting Intensity controls strength of light on object.
• Ambient Light determines how object is lit globally.
• Highlight Intensity controls how intense highlight appears.
• Highlight Size controls how large highlights appear.
• Blend Steps controls how smoothly shading appears.
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

33. When Diffuse Shading or Plastic Shading is
chosen, you can drag light source to a new
location to light an object from a different angle.
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

34. • Add additional light sources by clicking New Light
button.
• Apply different light intensity values to individual light
sources.
• Delete a light source by selecting it, then clicking Delete
Light button.
• Move selected light to back button moves light source to
back.
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

35. 20% Ambient light60% Ambient light
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

36. Default
light
source
Viewing default light source settings
Default light
source settings
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

37. Drag to
relocate
light
source
Manipulate Surface Shading and Lighting

38. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
You can map a
2-dimensional object to a 3-
dimensional object.
For example, a label is a 2-
dimensional object that can
be wrapped around a 3-
dimensional can.

39. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
• First convert 2D object to symbol.
• Select a 3D object.
• Click Map Art in the 3D Revolve Options
dialog box.

40. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
Objects to be used for mapping

41. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
• In the Map Art dialog box choose which
surface you want to map the art on.
• When you click a surface button, active
surface is shown in red wireframe on 3D
object.

42. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
Surface buttons
Interior of curved lines represents visible surface (1 of 4)

43. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
• Grid pattern represents the complete surface
of the object.
• Includes the entire surface around the object
that you may not see.

44. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
• Once surface chosen, choose symbol to be
mapped by clicking the Symbol list arrow.
– Symbol artwork is centered on grid.
– Drag artwork so it completely covers curved lines
– Once artwork is mapped, it reshapes itself to the
three-dimensional object

45. Map Artwork to 3D Objects
Wrapping
Paper symbol
selected

46. Map Artwork to 3D objects
Symbol
artwork is
mapped to
3-D
object.

47. Work with a Perspective Grid
• Use the Perspective Grid feature to draw and
create objects in perspective.
• Three types of grids:
– 1-point perspective
– 2-point perspective
– 3-point perspective

48. Work with a Perspective Grid
1-point perspective grid 2-point perspective grid 3-point perspective grid

49. Work with a Perspective Grid
• Point refers to vanishing point.
• 2-point perspective is the default.
• Click the Perspective Grid tool on the Tools
panel to access the grid.
• Or select to show it on the View menu.
• You can resize and reshape the grid.

50. • Save your modified grid as a Perspective Grid
Preset.
• You can modify your saved preset.
• When you are in Perspective Grid mode, the
basic shape tools draw in perspective.
Work with a Perspective Grid

51. Work with a Perspective Grid
Save your
grid
settings
as a
named
preset

52. Work with a Perspective Grid
• Specify on which
perspective plane you
want to draw by clicking
one of the faces on the
Plane Switching Widget.

53. Work with a Perspective Grid
Left perspective
plane is selected
Rectangle is drawn
on left plane

54. Work with a Perspective Grid
Once you’ve drawn objects in perspective, use
the Perspective Selection tool to click and drag
objects to move and modify them in
perspective.

55. Work with a Perspective Grid
Three copies of an
ellipse dragged
and dropped with
the Perspective
Selection tool.