1. Energy
• Energy conversion – when a form of
energy is changed to another form of
energy
• Energy – ability to do work
• Kinetic energy – energy in motion
• Faster an object is moving the greater the
kinetic energy, also the more mass an
object has the greater the kinetic energy

2. • Potential – energy due to the objects
position (object could move)
• Gravitational potential energy – energy
against the force of gravity—lifted objects
have GPE
• Mechanical energy – Has both kinetic +
potential

3. • Law of conservation of energy – energy
cannot be created or destroyed but can be
changed from one form to another
• Energy efficiency – the amount of useful
energy after a conversion – the more
efficient the more energy that can be used
• Ex: shape of car, shape of plane, houses,
windows

4. • Thermal energy – all the kinetic energy
due to motion of particles that make up
the object (faster the particles move the
greater the thermal energy)
• Chemical energy – energy of a
compound that changes as its atoms are
rearranged, a form of potential energy

5. • Electrical energy – energy of moving electrons,
a form of potential energy since motion only
happens when object is connected to actual
output
• Sound energy – vibrating object transmit
energy through matter (S-L-G)
• Light energy – vibration of electrically charged
particles, doesn’t need to be carried through
matter, can travel in a vacuum (area with no
matter-- SPACE)

6. Alternative Energy Sources
• Solar energy – energy from the sun,
• Hydroelectric (water) – energy from
falling/moving water
• Wind energy – energy from the heating of
earth surface
• Geothermal – energy from the heating of
earth’s core
• Biomass – energy produced from plants,
renewable

7. Energy resource Advantage Disadvantage
Fossil Fuels (petroleum, Easy transport, large Nonrenewable, pollution,
coal, natural gas) thermal energy per unit produces acid rain
Nuclear Large amount of energy, Radioactive waste,
no pollution elements are
nonrenewable
Solar Limitless, no pollution Expensive, practical only
in sunny areas
Hydroelectric Water is renewable, no Disrupts ecosystems,
pollution only where moving water
Wind Limitless, inexpensive, Only where wind blows
no pollution consistently
Geothermal Limitless, little land Practical in hot spots,
required to build produces waste water
Biomass Renewable Pollution, requires large
farm land

8. • Nuclear energy – energy from the change
in the nucleus of an atom
• Nuclear fusion – the joining of atoms (H)
• Ex: when hydrogen is fused together at
very high speeds to form helium (stars are
nuclear reactors on a massive scale), the
process releases tremendous amounts of
energy

9. • Nuclear fission – the splitting of an atom
• Ex: when uranium is split, the potential
energy in the nucleus is given off and
used in nuclear power plants to generate
electrical energy

12. • Electrical – can be changed into thermal,
sound, light and kinetic energy (most
common energy used)
• Energy conversions allow us to maintain
our daily lives through machines
• Conversion of energy always creates a
certain amount of thermal energy for the
transition to take place

13. • Chemcial:
• Photosynthesis – light energy to chemical
energy
• 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Cellular respiration – humans turning food
(chemicals) into energy
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy)

14. • Nonrenewable resource – a resource
that cannot be replaced in a reasonable
amount of time
• Fossil fuels – (contains chemical energy)
– Coal – buried dead plants
– Petroleum/natural gas - animals
that were buried millions of years ago

15. • 3 most common types of fossil fuels are:
– Coal – used to produce electrical energy by
power plants
– Petroleum – used to run cars and create
other petrochemical products (plastics),
Natural Gas – heat homes and buildings