This document summarizes the history and evolution of e-reader technology from 1971 to the present. It traces the development of early e-books on mainframe computers and dedicated e-reader devices like the Franklin Rocket and Sony Libre. Major milestones included the introduction of e-ink displays, touchscreens, backlights, and color e-ink. The document also profiles popular e-readers from Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Sony, and others and how their features changed with each new model release. It concludes by discussing emerging flexible, foldable and color e-ink display technologies.

1. Michael Sauers
Technology Innovation Librarian,
Nebraska Library Commission
Library 2.013, 19 October 2013

2. 1971: Project Gutenberg
• Started with the
U.S. Constitution
typed into a
mainframe
• Now contains
over 40,000 free
e-texts in
multiple DRMfree formats

3. 1988: NeXT Computer
• First computer to
include searchable
eBooks.
• Oxford Shakespeare &
Oxford Dictionary of
Quotations

4. 1989: Cyberbooks
• Foresaw the current
state of eReaders
• Predicted the “end of
publishing as we know
it”

5. 1993: Apple Newton
• The first “Personal
Digital Assistant”
• “Newton Books”
• Suspended in 1998

6. 1998: Franklin EB-500 Rocket eBook
• Ergonomic, ambidextrous
design, about the size of a
paperback
• 1.3 lbs
• Stores about 4,000 pages-the equivalent of 10 novels
• Speech-quality audio for
documents published with
audio content
• Long battery life--17 to 33
hours per charge
• $369

7. 1998: SoftBook Reader
• 2.9lbs
• 9.5” touch-screen w/
stylus
• Built-in 33.6 Kbps
modem; download
approximately 100
pages per minute
• 5hrs per charge
• $599.95, or $299.95 plus
$19.95 per month for a
24 month "content
package" contract
(totalling $778.75)

8. 2000: Microsoft Reader
• PC eBook reading software
• ClearType technology
• Annotations
• Pan & Zoom
• Highlighting
• Dictionary
• Battery life dependent on
platform (desktop vs. laptop)
• Suspended in 2012

9. 2002: Palm Trēo
• Mobipocket Reader software
• Download content over the
air (OTA)
• Desktop sync
• Annotation
• Highlighting
• Dictionary
• Software compatible with
devices other than the Treo

10. 2002: TabletPC
• Used in
combination
with Microsoft
Reader
software
• Promoted as a
“reader” due
to ability to
easily convert
screen to
portrait mode

11. 2004: Sony Libré
• First eInk-based
device
• AAA batteries
• Available only in
Japan

12. What is "eInk"
Content is not drawn, but “charged”
170 Pixels Per Inch (PPI)
Newspaper quality
Does not need power to hold a display, only to change it.

13. 09/2006 eReader PRS-500
• Display
•
•
•
•
eInk / non-backlit
800x600 resolution
Rotatable
4-level grayscale
•
Three text sizes
• 64MB built in storage
• SD/Memory Stick card
slot
• USB data transfer
• Approximately 7,500
page turns per charge
• Approx. 9oz

14. http://www.flickr.com/photos/shifted/1240167805

15. http://www.flickr.com/photos/shifted/2050405275/

16. 06/2007: iPod Touch / iPhone
• Not an explicit eBook
device
• Multiple reader
software packages
available
•
•
•
•
Stanza
Kindle
Barnes & Noble
eBook apps
• Backlit non-eInk
display

17. 12/2007: Sony PRS-505
• Minor
improvements over
the PRS-500
• 8 levels of grayscale
• Redesigned controls
• Additional memory
card slot

18. 12/2007: Amazon Kindle
• 6” screen
• 200-title storage
• Download wirelessly via
“whispernet” (EVDO)
• QWERTY Keyboard
• Ability to add notes to
text
• Basic Web access

19. 02/2009: Kindle 2
•
•
•
•
Redesigned controls
WiFi added
1500-title storage
16 levels of grayscale
(eInk Pearl)
• 20% faster page
refresh
• Text-to-speech
option
• 9.1mm thick

20. 11/2009: Barnes & Noble Nook
• 6” eInk display and 3.5” color control
display
• 12.1oz
• Android 1.5
• Can share a book once with another
person for up to two weeks

21. 04/2010: Apple iPad
• iBooks app included
• Kindle app available
• “text-to-voice” via
VoiceOver
• 1.5lbs
• 9.7” backlit glossy screen
• Automatic screen rotation
• WiFi and/or 3G
• 9+ hours of battery life
depending on Internet
connectivity used

22. 11/2010: Barnes & Noble Nook Color
•
•
•
•
15.8oz
7” screen
WiFi
8GB internal
storage
• MicroSD slot
• Android 2.2
• Rootable

23. 06/2011: Nook Simple Touch
• 6” touch-screen
display
• WiFi & USB
connectivity
• 600x800 eInk Pearl
• 2GB internal storage
• microSD card slot
• Android 2.1

24. 10/2011: Sony Reader WiFi (PRS-T1RC)
• eInk
• WiFi
• 5.9oz
• 16-level grayscale
• 6” screen
• 1.3GB internal storage
• MicroSD card slot
• Built in OverDrive
support

25. 11/2011: Kindle Touch
• 6” eInk Pearl touch
display
• WiFi and/or 3G
• 4GB internal
storage
• Available with or
without ads

26. 11/2011: Kindle Fire
• 14.6oz
• 7” LCD touch screen
• WiFi
• 8GB internal storage
• MicroSD slot
• Android 2.3
• Amazon Silk Browser
• Amazon’s competitor to
the Nook color & Nook
color tablet

27. 01/2012: Ectaco jetBook
• 9.7” 1600x1200 display
• Color eInk display
• WiFi
• MicroSD slot
• Text-to-Speech
• 10,000 page turns
• Speech recognition and speech
analysis Language Teacher and ULearn courses
• Pictured dictionaries for 38
languages Cross translator for
180 languages

28. 04/2012: nook GlowLight
• Touchscreen eInk
• Built-in light
• Front-lit
• Adjustable
brightness

29. 06/2012: WEXLER. Flex ONE
• Electronic Paper
Display (EPD)
• Flexible
• 1024x768 eInk
display
• 4mm thick
• 3.88 oz.

30. 01/2013: Plastic Logic PaperTab
• Flexible (and experimental) e-ink 10.7inch tablet runs on Intel's Core i5
processor.

31. 05/2013 – Sony Digital Paper
• 13.3” 1600x1200
capacitive eInk
flexible display
• Stylus for note
taking
• Educational market
• Testing in Japanese
universities
• Shared document
editing over WiFi
planned

32. 2014: eInk smartphone covers

33. 2014: Color eInk Kindle?
• In May 2013 Amazon.com purchases
Liquavista from Samgung.
• Liquavista
makes screen
technologies
that allow for
affordable
color eInk
displays.

34. Thank You!
Michael Sauers
msauers@travelinlibrarian.info
http://travelinlibrarian.info/
http://delicious.com/travelinlibrarian/ebooks
CC BY-NC 3.0
The Nebraska Library Commission