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Open Educational
Resources
Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org)
Director of Open Education, SPARC
MCCLPHEI Annual Conference | June 19, 2014
Except where
otherwise noted…
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
SPARC, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic
Resources Coalition, is an international alliance of
academic and research libraries working to create a
more open system of scholarly communication.
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Macroeconomics (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-
williamson/dp/9780132992787
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-
williamson/dp/9780132992787
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and
Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012
prices grew by 28 percent.
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Market Failure
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
$1,207
Average student budget for books and
supplies for the 2013-2014 academic
year
Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-
budgets-2013-14
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
1 in 2
Students say they have at some point
taken fewer courses due to the cost of
textbooks
Source http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
65% of students report skipping a
required textbook because of the
high price
Source http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/sp/fixing-broken-textbook-market
The vast majority of these students thought it
could hurt their grades
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Students can’t learn
from materials
they can’t afford
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
(at least it gets students
to visit the library?)
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
We can do better.
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Hewlett Foundation Definition:
“OER are teaching, learning, and
research resources that reside in the
public domain or are released under an
intellectual property license that permits
their free use and repurposing by
others”
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Hewlett Foundation Definition:
“OER are teaching, learning, and
research resources that reside in the
public domain or are released under an
intellectual property license that permits
their free use and repurposing by
others”
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
1. Free
(no cost, no barriers)
2. Reuse Rights
(open license or public domain)
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Open Licensing
Uses copyright to enable
free sharing and reuse
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
See www.opencontent.org for full definition.
The “5R” Permissions
• Make and own copiesRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The$5Rs$
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
(easy-to-use open licenses)
www.creativecommons.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
most
free
least
free
Slide adapted from Cable Green http://www.slideshare.com/cgreen
OER
not
OER
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
OpenCourseWare
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Captured from http://ocw.mit.edu/about/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
www.oeconsortium.org
200+ institutions
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Captured from http://open.umich.edu/education/med
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Captured from http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patients-pop-decision-
making/fall2011/materials
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Captured from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFU7fUff7PA
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
OER Repositories
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
http://cnx.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
http://www.oercommons.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Open Textbooks
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Captured from http://openstaxcollege.org/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Open Textbook (Example)
• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt
and distribute
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
http://www.bkstr.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10001&categoryId=9602&langId=-
1&productId=4000000000002535744&storeId=216405&productStoreId=216405
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-open-textbook-initiative-aims-reduce-
student-costs-enhance-learning
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
http://open.umn.edu
100+ open textbooks
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Institutional Initiatives
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Captured from http://opencourselibrary.org/
81 Courses
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
All OER 2-Year Degree
www.sparc.arl.org
The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more
than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and
college tuition.
More and more, college students are unable to afford their
textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported
avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not
surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically.
As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks
required for a business administration degree, that student would
spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower
this price, their availability is, at best, uneven.
But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers
in other ways as well.
Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning
support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content
and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching
efficiency and effectiveness.
Fortunately a solution to both problems exists.
Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree
based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After
a one-semester pilot project, the true measures of accomplishment are
• student success
• and increased instructor effectiveness.
Early data suggest the Z-Degree will meet both goals. Z Courses experienced greater student retention and
Tidewater CommunityCollege
ismakingcollegemoreaffordable.
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Funder Policies
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source
http://www.californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/Portals/0/DocDownloads/PressReleases/SEP2013/
PRESS_RELEASE_CreativeCommonsBY_090913_FINAL.pdf
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Faculty Support
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Image © from http://www.teleread.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/bookstorerummage.jpg
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
About Lumen Learning
Open Educational Resources represent a largely untapped opportunity to reduce costs to both institutions
and learners, while at the same time improving student success. However, many institutional leaders are
unsure what to do to help their institutions, faculty, and learners take full advantage of OER.
This is where Lumen enters the picture.
Co-founded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education technology strategist Kim Thanos,
Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, successful adoption of OER.
After years of pioneering work in open education as individuals, David and Kim collaborated on the Next
Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative in 2012 to replace
textbooks with OER in community college classrooms. Project goals included lowering textbook costs by
50% and improving student success rates. No one was quite prepared for the actual project outcomes, which
resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks to $0 and improving average student success rates by over
10% compared to student performance in the same courses offered by the same instructors in prior years.
You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative on the Successful Projects page.
Adding this concrete proof to the body of evidence supporting OER, David and Kim decided to join forces to
help more educational institutions and students realize gains like these.
Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty address the major challenges of OER adoption:
! Finding quality content and mapping it to course learning outcomes. Lumen works with faculty
http://www.lumenlearning.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Impacts
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
$1M student savings, and counting
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Supporting Adoption
Developmental Math Results"
Percentage passing with C or better
48.40%
60.18%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring 2013
All OER
n=2,842
Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at
http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent
About Lumen Lear
Open Educational Resources represent a
and learners, while at the same time imp
unsure what to do to help their institution
This is where Lumen enters the picture.
Co-founded by open education visionary
Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad,
After years of pioneering work in open ed
Generation Learning Challenges grant-fu
textbooks with OER in community colleg
50% and improving student success rate
resulted in moving the cost of required te
10% compared to student performance in
You can read more about the Kaleidosco
Adding this concrete proof to the body of
help more educational institutions and st
Lumen helps institutional leaders and fac
! Finding quality content and mapp
around the country to review and agg
into Open Courses that match gener
course frameworks online. This proc
individual or institution to download a
! Incorporating OER into academic
consulting services to help institution
sense to introduce OER into courses
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://pm4id.org/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Source http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2821
50% savings ($5/book)
and same test scores
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Adopt/Adapt
Share/Create
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
What course content are faculty
members using?
Can it be supplemented
or replaced with OER?
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
What PD and instructional
design services are offered?
Can OER be part of them?
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Where is content being created
on campus?
Can it be licensed as OER?
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
How does your campus
disseminate content?
Can it support sharing OER?
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Advance our systems
for sharing information
toward openness
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
www.sparc.arl.org
November 15-17 | Washington, D.C.
Sponsor a student from your campus
www.opencon2014.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
www.sparc.arl.org
November 19-21 | Washington, D.C.
Day-long track on Libraries & OER
www.openedconference.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
www.sparc.arl.org
Libraries & OER Forum
http://www.sparc.arl.org/resource/sparc-
libraries-oer-forum
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
www.sparc.arl.org
Be part of the solution
www.sparc.arl.org/membership
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Open Educational
Resources
Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org)
Director of Open Education, SPARC
MCCLPHEI Annual Conference | June 19, 2014
Except where
otherwise noted…

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