The document discusses exception handling in C++. It covers the basics of try blocks, catch blocks, and throwing exceptions. The key components of exception handling are try blocks, which enclose code that may throw exceptions; throw statements, which transfer control to a catch block; and catch blocks, which handle exceptions. Exception classes can be defined to identify different types of exceptions. Functions should specify which exceptions they may throw to inform callers. Exceptions should generally be used for unexpected errors rather than regular control flow.
