Perjantaimeeting 8.11.2013 Simo Salminen, vanhempi tutkija, Työterveyslaitos

1. Työaikaisen liikenneturvallisuuden
parantaminen
Simo Salminen
11.11.13
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2. WORK-RELATED TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
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3. TYÖLIIKENNEKUOLEMAT
Vuosina 1975-1994 puolet työkuolemista liikenteessä (joko
työmatkalla tai työaikana liikenteessä)
Tilanne ei ole muuttunut, vain tilastointi on
0-tapaturmaa ajattelu: Kukaan ei kuole tai loukkaannu
vakavasti työssä
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4. Työliikenne- vs. työmatkatapaturmat
Työaikana liikenteessä
-miehet
-50-65 v.
Työmatkalla
-naiset
-50-65 v.
(yli 50v. naisilla 2,5)
-95% autolla
-kevyt & julkinen liik
-tammikuussa
-tammikuussa
-klo 13-15
-klo 7-9, 15-17
-toimihenkilöt, avainhenkilöt -kaikki työssäkäyvät
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5. Työaikana liikenteessä
tilastokeskuksen työvoimatutkimus 1995, n=5150
päivittäin
24,5%
viikoittain
18,8%
kerran kuussa
9,5%
600 000 työasioissa liikenteessä päivittäin
miehet, 35-54 v., kuljetus, kaivos – ja
rakennusala, maa- ja metsätyö, kaupallinen työ
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6. Työliikenteen riskitekijät
Myynti- ja markkinointihenkilöstö (n=1102, 44%)
Rakennustyöläiset (n=741, 30%)
Vertailu työ- ja vapaa-ajan liikenteen riskit
Työliikenteessä: kiire, työasiat mielessä,
kännykän käyttö, väsymys
Vapaa-aika: pysäköintipaikan löytäminen, heikko
fyysinen kunto
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7. Työaikana liikenteessä
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8. AIM
• The aim of this study is to describe two interventions,
how companies can improve their personnel traffic
safety during work hours.
• These interventions were discussion group method and
anticipatory driving.
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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9. Discussion method
• Kurt Lewin during II World War in USA showed that a
decision made after group discussion changed attitudes
more than a lecture
• To get houseviwes to use internal organs of cows:
• After discussion 1/3, after lecture 3%
• In Sewing factory, a group discussion increased
productivity by 12 %.
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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10. Misumi's experiments at Japan
45 bus drivers involved in 2 or more collisions in two
discussion sessions: the accident rate decreased by 80%
Workers and foremen of the shipyard meet once a week:
during 10 years accident rate fell to 3% of the original
The accident rate of the cranemen of the shipyard decreased
to the one tenth during 10 years. The most dangerous
work task was to load steel pipes onto ships
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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11. Study on Swedish telecom
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
40,000 employees of whom 900 randomly five groups:
Driver training: skid training and commentary driving
Bonus: 6,000 SEK if no crash, each crash -200 SEK
Campaign: five information meetings on current topics
Discussion: three meetings with 8-15 drivers
Control: drive as earlier
The number of accidents decreased driver training,bonus
and discussion groups
• When accident costs calculated, the discussion group
most effective
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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12. METHODS
•
•
•
•
•
Electric company responsible for capital area
All 172 electrician participated
Three small group meetings with 7-14 drivers: 19 teams
Meetings lasted 45-60 minutes
Every teams selected one chair who was trained
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13. FLOW CHART OF DISCUSSION PROCES
First discussion (60 min)
- Free discussion about risks
and problems in the work-related traffic
Meeting of organizing committee
- Classification of problems
- Writing of summary
Second discussion (45 min)
- Discussion of suggested solutions to problems
Third discussion (60 min)
- Discussion and decision on
behavior of team
Meeting of organizing committee
- Suggestions are classified: those to be
solved by the teams and those to be solved by the
company
- Writing of summary
Meeting of organizing committee
- Decision on measures to be taken by
the company
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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14. RESULTS 1
First round: 183 problems, average 9.6/team
Second round: 594 suggestions, 33/team
Third round: 53 commitments, 2.8/team
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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15. Results 2: Change on work-related traffic
and occupational accidents
• Before
Discussion groups
After
Change
• 1998-2000
2001-2002
2003-2005
%
-----------------------------------------------------------------18
8
5
-72.2
73
74
84
+15.1
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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16. Second intervention
•
•
•
•
•
179 employees participated one-day course
Three hours lectures on anticipatory driving
Four hours driving with their own cars
The course carried out on the empty runway of airport
One year later 61 drivers drove by heavy vehicles
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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17. Experiment on runway of airport
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18. Methods
• Central measure: audit of work-related traffic
• An expert group of 6-10 employees and researchers
• Assessment of 39 topic: old tyres of vehicles
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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19. Results: audit
• Table 1. Results of the audit processes
•
•
•
•
•
•
Time
In good
Developement
In bad
condition required
condition
--------------------------------------------------------------2000
10
21
8
2002
22
15
2
2004
26
12
1
• Between two first audits: χ2 = 6.4, df = 1, p<0.05
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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20. Results: accidents
•
Change
Before
After
•
1998-2000
2002-2004
• -------------------------------------------------------------• Occup.accid.
42
51
+21%
• On roads
4
6
+50%
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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21. Discussion
• Discussion method used in Japan and Sweden also
successful in a Finnish workplace
• Group discussion decreased work-related traffic
accidents
• Group pressure maintain the change of driving behavior
• Course of anticipatory driving was successful: the
principles were spread to family members
• The subjects were electricians: They are like general
drivers with basic skills for driving licence
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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22. Työliikennekokeilu Itellassa
• -Kolmen eri menetelmän vertailu
• -Tehtiin kolmella eri paikkakunnalla
• -Kohteena postiautonkuljettajat (sanomalehdet+kirjeet)
• Ensimmäinen menetelmä: keskusteluryhmä
• Kolme keskustelukertaa
Simo Salminen / 11.11.13
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23. 11.11.13
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24. Other methods
2) Improved discussion method
Between second and third round one-day course:
Three trainers: influence of drivers on traffic, the
crashes in the company and occupational safety
3) Anticipated driving
Lectures three hours: anticipated driving,
readiness to drive and conditions and
dimensions of vans and
Driving with a van four hours: braking, the effect
of speed and load, driving on curve
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25. The number of drivers
Discussion group: 40 drivers + 3 supervisors
Improved discussion group: 30 drivers + 3
supervisors
Anticipated driving: 30 drivers + 2 supervisors
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26. Table 1. Work-related crashes
before and after intervention
Group
Before
After Change%
------------------------------------------------------Discussion
25
105
+320
Improved discussion 12
4
-67
Anticipated driving
12
35
+192
------------------------------------------------------Total
49
144
+194
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27. Group
Before
After Change%
------------------------------------------------------Discussion
13.2
11.3
-14.4
Improved discussion
10.6
10.3
-2.8
Anticipated driving
11.6
12.7
+9.5
Table 2. Fuel consumption (litres/100 km)
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28. DISCUSSION
An improved discussion method with selected
training superior: both crashes and use of gasoline
Both discussion and improved discussion groups
made 120 suggestions to improve driving. Certain
person as responsible of the car.
Strength: Workers participated in the decision
process. Group pressure maintain the effect.
Weakness: Company and its top management is not
necessary as bind as employees
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29. DISCUSSION
Liikenne aiheuttaa puolet tapaturmaisista
työkuolemista
Työaikana sattuneet myös yritysten avainhenkilöihin
Yritykset ja työterveyshuolto pystyvät vaikuttamaan
Keskustelumenetelmä täydennettynä kohdistetulla
koulutuksella tehokkain menetelmä
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30. Kiitos!
simo.salminen@ttl.fi
11.11.13
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