Chapter 5 Social Work Practice with Individuals, Familie and Groups

Chapter 5:
Generalist Practice
with
Individuals, Families, and Groups

Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
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Empowering Programs with Resources
that Enhance Social Work Education

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Social Work: A Competency-
Oriented Education

 Council on Social Work Education (CSWE)
- Defines Educational Policy and Accreditation
Standards (EPAs)
- Developed 10 “Core Competencies” and 41
Related “Practice Behaviors”
 Every student should master the Practice
Behaviors and Core Competencies before
completing the program

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Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008

 The Textbook –
- “Helping Hands” icons call attention to content that
relates to Practice Behaviors and Competencies

- “Competency Notes” at the end of the chapter
help put the Practice Behaviors and Competencies
in practical context
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Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008 (cont’d)

 The Practice Behaviors Workbook developed
with the text provides assignable exercises that
assist in mastering the Practice Behavior and
Competencies

 Additional on-line resources can be found at:
www.cengage.com/socialwork

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Generalist practice
• Both a process and a method
• Involves orderly sequence of stages in engaging
clients/client systems
• Creative use of techniques and knowledge that
guide intervention process
• Based on client involvement
• Emphasizes use of client resources
• Focuses on planned change and solutions

EP 2.1.7a, 2.1.10a-l
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Preparation for generalist practice with
individuals, families, and groups
• Knowledge about human behavior /diversity
• Use of ecological/systems framework and theory
to guide intervention
• Understanding of and adherence to social work
values
• Planned process of intervention

EP 2.1.7a, 2.1.7b, 2.1.10a
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Planned process of intervention

• Social study
• Assessment
• Goal setting
• Contracting
• Intervention
• Evaluation

EP 2.1.10d-g, 2.1.10i, 2.1.10m

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The social worker-client relationship

• Relationship is key to successful intervention
• Helping relationship is based on:
- Self-determination
- Confidentiality
- Individualization and acceptance
- Nonjudgmental attitude
- Freedom of expression

EP 2.1.10c
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Development of practice skills

• Conceptual skills
• Interviewing skills
- Informational interview
- Diagnostic/assessment interview
- Therapeutic interview
• Recording skills

EP 2.1.10a

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Beginning social workers

Beginning social workers need to be aware that:
• Not all clients are equally motivated to engage in
the planned change process, no matter how
good the social worker
• Adequate resources may not be available to fully
meet client needs

EP 2.1.10a

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Practice theories and skills

Individuals and families
• Ecological/systems framework
• Ego psychology
• Problem-solving approach
• Cognitive behavioral approaches
• Reality therapy

EP 2.1.7a
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Practice theories and skills (cont’d)

Individuals and families
• Task-centered method
• Family systems approach
• Other approaches:
- Client-centered therapy
- Feminist therapy
- Solution-focused therapy

EP 2.1.7a
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Practice theories and skills (cont’d)

Groups
• Form of social organization whose members
identify and interact with one another on a personal
basis and have a shared sense of the group as a
social entity
• Types of groups:
- Natural groups
- Primary groups
- Planned groups

EP 2.1.7a
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Group work

• Seeks to strengthen positive personal functioning and
social skills through structured group interaction
• Roots are in settlement house movement
• Types of planned groups:
- Recreation
- Recreation-skill
- Educational
- Socialization
- Self-help

EP 2.1.7a
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Effective group development

• Purposefulness
• Leadership
• Selection of group members
• Size

EP 2.1.7a

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Theory for group practice

• Theory is used as framework for guiding group
interaction and achieving goals
• Practice theories used with individuals and
families are also applicable to groups

EP 2.1.7a

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Group work as a practice

Social workers leading groups must:
• Ensure dignity and worth of all members
• Develop articulated understanding of group’s
purpose, roles, and “rules”
• Assess problems and needs of individual members
and group as a whole
• Help group develop its own identity

EP 2.1.7a

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Group work as a practice (cont’d)

Social workers leading groups must:
• Facilitate development of communication among
members
• Facilitate planning and implementation of relevant
activities that promote positive group and individual
functioning and advancement of the group’s purpose
• Prepare group for termination

EP 2.1.7a

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Stages of groups

Each stage of group development is important for
optimal group functioning:
• Beginning
• Norm development
• Conflict phase
• Relationship phase
• Termination

EP 2.1.7a, 2.1.10l

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Group settings

• Recreational settings
• Settlement houses
• Community centers
• Family and child service agencies
• Schools
• Treatment centers

EP 2.1.7a

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Group termination

• Social workers must be sensitive to needs of
the group at termination
• Not ideal to terminate a group because of
dysfunction
• Groups are usually terminated because they are
time-limited or purpose of group has been met

EP 2.1.10l

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Practice effectiveness

• Professional practice with individuals, families, and
groups must include an evaluation process:
- What could have increased client growth and
change?
- What were the positive achievements of the client
or client system?
- What implications for change are suggested?
• Evaluation is on-going

EP 2.1.10a-l
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Supervisors of generalist practitioners

Play a vital role in the helping process:
• Ensure effective, appropriate intervention
• Enrich the skills of those they supervise
• Regulate the flow of cases
• Provide accountability

EP 2.1.1f

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BSW social workers

• Generalist practitioners
• Most are employed in direct practice settings with
individuals, families, and groups
• Can provide basic counseling and case
management, facilitate groups, and link clients with
community resources
• Practice in many community settings

EP 2.1.1c

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MSW social workers

• Possess advanced skills
• Demonstrate a specialization that is built on
generalist practice
• Can provide psychotherapy and intensive
counseling
• Are often employed in highly clinical settings

EP 2.1.1c

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Chapter 5 Social Work Practice with Individuals, Familie and Groups

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Chapter 5 Social Work Practice with Individuals, Familie and Groups