9. การตรวจความเข้ากันได้ของเลือด
• ABO typing Typed, unmatched
• Indirect antiglobulin test
– Between
Initial crossmatched
• Patient’s RBC vs Donor’s plasma
• Patient’s plasma vs Donor’s RBC
– Condition
Full crossmatched
• Room temp & 37 C
o
• Immediate & 2 hours
10. Clinical case # 1
• ชาย 67 ปี case CRF
• มา ER เพราะไข้ ไอ มีอาการเหมือนเป็นไข้
หวัด
• Hb 6.7 gm/dL
• ผูป่วยบอกว่า Hb อยู่ประมาณนี้มาตลอด
้
สามารถทำากิจวัตรประจำาวันทั่วไปได้
• จะให้เลือดหรือไม่
11. Goals of RBC transfusion
• Increase O2 carrying capacity of blood
• Correct hypovolemia
• Degree of development of anemia and
underlying problems define tolerability
• 7.5 gm/dL in normal subject
• Prevent bleeding in thrombocytopenia
try keep > 8 gm/dL
12. Platelet
• Pooled platelet
– 2-3 x 1011 platelet / unit
• SDP
– 3 x 1011 platelet / unit
• Kept at room temp, shelf-life : 5 days
• Express
– HLA Ag (A,B)
– Platelet specific Ag
– Do not express ABO Ag
16. Platelet refractoriness
• Increment หลังให้ 1 ชม. < 10k 2 ครั้งติด
กัน
• CCI [Post – Pre-count] x BSA x 1011
No. of platelet transfuse
[Post – Pre-count] x BSA
3 x unit of SDP
[Post – Pre-count] x BSA
2 x unit of LPPC
17. Platelet refractoriness
• CCI < 5k 2 ครั้งติดกัน
• สาเหตุ
– Anti HLA Ab - Prevented by leuko-
depletion
– Splenomegaly
– DIC
– VOD
18. Plasma products infusion
• Correction of coagulation protein
deficiency
• Restore to 50% of coagulation protein
levels
• Plasma volume = 40 ml/kg
19. Clinical indication for FFP
• Replacement of single factor deficiencies
• Immediate reversal of warfarin effect
• Vitamin K deficiency
• Acute DIC
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
(TTP)
• Inherited deficiencies of inhibitors of
coagulation
• C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
20. Indication for Cryoprecipitate
• Hemophilia A
• Von Willebrand’s disease
• Congenital or acquired fibrinigen
deficiency
• Factor XIII deficiency
• Obstetric complications
• Consumption of fibrinogen eg. DIC
21. Indication for Cryo-removed plasma
• Hemophilia B
• Prothrombin complex
(Factor II, VII, IX, X) deficiency
eg. Liver disease
22. Cryoprecipitate
• Fibrinogen
• Factor VIII
• Factor XIII
• von Willebrand factor
• Fibronectin
23. Clinical case # 3
• ชาย 18 ปี ไข้ ซีด เหลือง Hb 6.0 gm/dL
• Work up เข้าได้กับ AIHA
• ผูป่วยมีอาการเหนื่อยมาก
้
• Blood bank แจ้งว่า ไม่สามารถหา
compatible blood ได้
• ท่านจะทำาอย่างไร
24. AIHA
• OK for ABO-compatible red cells if
patient has no previous transfusion or
pregnancy
• Auto Ab is not an issue.
• Allo Ab can occur in 30% of previously
transfused, previously pregnant.
25. Type and Cross procedure
• RBC typing
• Cross matching (Indirect Coomb’s test)
– Recipient’s RBC vs Donor’s plasma
– Recipient’s plasma vs Donor’s RBC
– At 37oC, immediate and 2 hours
26. Detection of allo-Ab in AIHA
• Auto-adsorption
– Must not recently receive blood transfusion
• Differential adsorption
27. Massive transfusion
• Problems
– Dilution
– Consumption
– Decreased production
• Use PT-INR, PTT, Fibrinogen level,
platelet count to guide transfusion
therapy
28. Issue in Aplastic Anemia
• Number of donor exposure has direct
effect on graft rejection
29. Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
• ABO incompatible
• Symptoms
– Pain at admistrative site
– Fever, chills, back pain
– Hemoglobinuria
• DCT positive
• DIC -> bleeding
• Treatment
– Supportive: IV fluid, vasopressors
– IV mannitol
30. Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
• Anamnestic response to RBC Ag
• Fever, anemia, jaundice
• 5 -10 days post transfusion
31. Febrile reactions
• FNHTR
• Leukoagglutinating Ab in recipient
• Cytokines released from leukocytes
during prolonged storage
33. TRALI
• Passive transfusion of anti-leukocyte Ab
• Agglutination and sequestration of
recipient’s leukocyte in pulmonary
circulation
• Capillary leak syndrome, hypoxia