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Service Provider IP
Networks
April 2014
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Content
NGN &
transformation
OSI model
and
protocols
Wireline
networks
Ethernet
MPLS
LAN WAN
technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Content
NGN &
transformation
OSI model
and
protocols
Wireline
networks
Ethernet
MPLS
LAN WAN
technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Categorization
CSP networks
Core
Wired (optical fiber)
Wireless
Aggregation
Wired (optical fiber)
Wireless
Access
Wired
Copper
Narrow Band
Broadband
ADSL/2/2+
VDSL/2
Optical fiber
AON
PON
TDM PON
APON
BPON
GPON
EPON
10GPON
10GEPON
WDM PON
Hybrid PON
Cable
Wireless
WPAN
WLAN
WMAN
WWAN
Cellular
2G
3G
4G
Satellite
Media
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Original PSTN
UTP
• Manual switching directly connected two local loops
• Due to microphone technology, audio BW was 4 kHz (4000 oscillations per second)
• PSTN is the network
• POTS is the service
UTP
Diaphragm
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Analog switched PSTN
• Invention of tube amplifier enabled long distance
• Between central offices used FDM spaced at 4 kHz (each cable carrying 1
group = 12 channels)
CO CO
Local loop
(analog)
Local loop
(analog)
Telephone
network
(analog)
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Data support via voice-grade modems
• To send data, it is converted into 4 kHz audio (modem)
• Data rate is determined by Shannon's capacity theorem (there is a
maximum data rate (bps) called the "capacity”, that can be reliably sent
through the communications channel. The capacity depends on the BW
and SNR)
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Digital PSTN
Source : http://kingdominique.be/notepro/nyquist-theorem
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Digital PSTN, Cont.,
“last mile”CO SWITCH
“last mile”
Subscriber Line
PSTN
CO SWITCH
TDM
TDM
digital
analog
LP filter to 4 kHz at input to CO switch (before A/D)
• Sample 4 kHz audio at 8 kHz (Nyquist)
• Need 8 bits per sample = 64 kbps
• Multiplexing 64 kbps channels leads to higher and higher rates
• Only the subscriber line (local loop) remains analog (too expensive to replace)
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Digital Local Loop Technologies
• ISDN
– Voice and Data
– Longer distance
• DSL
– Higher speed
– Several variants
• Different encoding technologies ->
different data transmission rates
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
ISDN
• set of communication
standards for
simultaneous digital
transmission of voice,
video, data, and other
network services over
the traditional
circuits of the PSTN
Source: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/dial/configuration/guide/dia_isdn_pri_slt_ps6350_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html
Different access interfaces
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
DSL technologies
ADSL ANSI T1.413 Issue 2
ITU G.992.1 (G.DMT)
ITU G.992.2 (G.Lite)
ADSL2 ITU G.992.3
ITU G.992.4
ITU G.992.3 Annex J
ITU G.992.3 Annex L
ADSL2+ ITU G.992.5
ITU G.992.5 Annex M
HDSL ITU G.991.1
HDSL2
IDSL
MSDSL
PDSL
RADSL
SDSL
SHDSL ITU G.991.2
UDSL
VDSL ITU G.993.1
VDSL2 ITU G.993.2
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Typical Cu access network last (first) mile
DP
CAB
Rosette
Discharger
Network demarcation
MDF
Edge
Network
Node
Ex:- C4/5 switch,
AGW
Ex:- Telephone,
DSU, modem, NTU
PrimarySecondary
(overhead)
(Underground)(Underground)
OSP
CO
CP
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Last (1st) mile connectivity media
Electrical Signal
(Current)
Optical
Signal
(Light)
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
xDSL flavors
Source : http://wiki.ftthcouncil.eu/index.php?title=File:Dsl-distance-chart.png&filetimestamp=20100413150655
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
FTTx Technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
CE/ME
switch
MSAN/
DSLAM
PON
OLT
ADSL
router
CPE
(router)
ONU/
ONT
Splitter
ADSL
PON
Transmit
Receive
Transmit
Receive
Copper
pair
Fiber
pair
Single
fiber
2
1
3
AONSingle
fiber
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Content
NGN &
transformation
OSI model
and
protocols
Wireline
networks
Ethernet
MPLS
LAN WAN
technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Network
Network
Network
Vertical to Horizontal
Service
Service
Service
Network
Network
Converged
Network
Control and Signaling
Network
Service
Service
Service
Legacy:
Service Specific Networks
Future:
NGN architecture for services
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Session Control Layer
Core Layer
Aggregation Layer
Access Layer
xDSL
WiMAX
FTTH (PON)
3G
Applications
4G (LTE) CDMA
PSTN
Transport
Service
Access
Technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Segments of NGN Architecture
FTTx
xDSL
CDMA
Wimax
Access
Network Aggregation
Network
Core
Network
Control and Signaling
Network
Customer
Equipment
IMS Controllers
Non-IMS Controllers
Application
VoIP
Data
Video
IM
User
Equipments
Access
Network
Aggregation
Network
Core
Network
Control and
Signaling
Network
Application
Network
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Transformation
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Issues with Legacy Networks
• Low bandwidth
• No flexibility to scale
• High cost of installation
• Slow provisioning
• Bandwidth growth inflexible/non-linear
– Limited by multiplexing hierarchy
• TDM-based access: inefficient for converged data
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Transformation/ Migration/
Evolution
• Voice centric -> data centric
• Wired -> wireless
– Copper -> fiber
• Legacy -> NGN
– Verticals -> convergence
– Circuit Switching -> Packet Switching
• TDM -> IP
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Services /Application (wire-line)
Voice
– PSTN
• Access : Copper
• Transmission : PDH, SDH
• Switching : Circuit Switching
– NGN
• Access : Copper, fiber
• Aggregation : Carrier
Ethernet
• Core : IP/MPLS
• Switching : Packet Switching
Data
– TDM
• Services : Leased line
• Access : Copper, fiber
• Transmission : PDH, SDH
– Narrowband
• Services : Internet
• Access : Dialup (PSTN)
• Transmission : PDH, SDH
– IP
• Services : L3 VPN (IP/VPN), L2 VPN
(VPLS)
• Access : Copper, fiber
• Transport : IP/MPLS
– Broadband
• Services : Internet, IPTV, VoBB
• Access : Copper, fiber
• Transport : IP/MPLS
LegacyNGN
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Legacy NGN
Multiple Control Layers Single Control Layer
Multiple Transport Networks Single Transport Network
Multiple Access Network Multiple Access Network
Multiple Access Connection Single Access Connection
Migration to an IP converged network
Multiple Applications Multiple Applications
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Content
NGN &
transformation
OSI model
and
protocols
Wireline
networks
Ethernet
MPLS
LAN WAN
technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
King of England
Scriber
Translator
Negotiator
Manager
Mail room
Envelop
Delivery
King of France
Scriber
Translator
Negotiator
Manager
Mail room
Envelop
Delivery
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza
Away
User A
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
User B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Layer 7
Layer 1
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
TCP/IP vs. OSI
Source: http://webpage.pace.edu/ms16182p/networking/protocols.html
layer
serves
the layer
above it
and is
served
by the
layer
below it
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source : http://ccna-cisco.webs.com/osilayer.htm
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source : http://www.telecomhall.com/osi-7-layers-model.aspx
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source: http://webpage.pace.edu/ms16182p/networking/protocols.html
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source : http://www.markwilson.co.uk/blog/2006/03/osi-reference-model-and-how-it-relates.htm
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Core Network Evolution
• Synchronous
– Connection oriented
– TDM
» SDH
» PDH
• Asynchronous
– Connection oriented
• X.25 (1976)
• FR(80s)
• ATM (90s)
• MPLS
– Connection-less
• Ethernet (1973~1976)
• IP (DoD Standard IP, RFC 760, Jan 1980)
Synchronous /
Asynchronous
synchronous
synchronous
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Data Link Layer
• provides the functional and procedural
means to transfer data between network
entities and might provide the means to
detect and possibly correct errors that may
occur in the physical layer
• Ex: - ATM, L2TP, IEEE 802.3, Frame
Relay, PPP, X.25
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
X.25
• an ITU-T standard protocol suite for
packet switched WAN communication
• X.25 WAN consists of packet-switching
exchange (PSE) nodes as the networking
hardware, and leased lines, plain old
telephone service connections or ISDN
connections as physical links
• replaced by less complex protocols,
especially the IP
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
X.25, cont.,
Source: http://sangoma.com/support/tutorials/x25.html
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Frame Relay (FR)
• Standardized WAN technology that specifies the
physical and logical link layers of digital
telecommunications channels using a packet switching
methodology
• Network providers commonly implement Frame Relay
for voice (VoFR) and data as an encapsulation
technique, used between LANs over a WAN
• Each end-user gets a private line (or leased line) to a
FR node
• Reason for its popularity:
– Less expensive than leased lines
– Simplicity of configuring user equipment
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
FR, cont.,
Source: http://feryjunaedi.wordpress.com/page/3/
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
ATM
• Defined by ANSI and ITU
standards for carriage of a
complete range of user traffic,
including voice, data, and video
signals
• Uses asynchronous TDM &
encodes data into small, fixed-
sized cells (Differs from
approaches such as the IP or
Ethernet that use variable sized
packets or frames)
• Provides data link layer services
that run over a wide range of OSI
physical Layer links
• Has functional similarity with both
circuit switched networking and
small packet switched networking
Source: http://support.novell.com/techcenter/articles/nc1997_02c.html
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
ATM, cont.,
Source: http://jonapchan.blogspot.com/2012/02/asynchronous-transfer-mode-atm.html
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Network Layer
• Responsible for packet forwarding including routing
through intermediate routers
• Provides the functional and procedural means of
transferring variable length data sequences from a
source to a destination host via one or more networks
while maintaining the QoS functions
• Since many networks are partitioned into subnetworks
and connect to other networks for wide-area
communications, networks use specialized hosts,
called gateways or routers to forward packets between
networks
• Ex: -IPv4, IPv6, ARP, ICMP, IPSec, IGMP, IPX,
AppleTalk
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
IP
• IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the
Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering
packets from the source host to the destination host
solely based on the addresses.
• For this purpose, IP defines datagram structures that
encapsulate the data to be delivered
• also defines addressing methods that are used to label
the datagram source and destination
• connectionless
• The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol Version
4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the internet
• successor is Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), which
is increasing in use.
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
IP Address
Source : http://images.books24x7.com/bookimages/id_35312/de550114_thm.jpg
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
IP Address
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
IP address classes
Source: http://www.hill2dot0.com/wiki/index.php?title=IP_address
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Private IPs
Source : http://icomputerdenver.com/static-ip-and-domain-name-lion-server/
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
247.135.16.199
247.135.16.199
247.135.16.199
Transport Layer
• provides E2E communication services for
applications within a layered architecture
of network components and protocols
• provides convenient services such as
connection-oriented data stream support,
reliability, flow control, and multiplexing
• Ex:-TCP UDP
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
TCP
• one of the two original components of the suite,
complementing the IP, and therefore the entire suite is
commonly referred to as TCP/IP
• provides reliable, ordered delivery of a stream of
octets from a program on one computer to another
program on another computer
• used by major Internet applications such as the WWW,
email, remote administration and file transfer
• applications, which do not require reliable data stream
service, may use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP),
which provides a datagram service that emphasizes
reduced latency over reliability
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Application Layer
• abstraction layer reserved for
communications protocols and methods
designed for process-to-process
communications across a IP computer
network
• application layer protocols use the underlying
transport layer protocols to establish host-to-
host connections.
• Ex:- DHCP, DHCPv6, DNS, FTP, HTTP, IRC,
MGCP, BGP ,NTP ,POP, RTP, RTSP, RIP,
SIP, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, Telnet, SSL
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Content
NGN &
transformation
OSI model
and
protocols
Wireline
networks
Ethernet
MPLS
LAN WAN
technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
1.Local Area Network (LAN)
2.Wide Area Network (WAN)
3.Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Types of Networks
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
• Group of computers and network communication
devices interconnected within a geographically
limited area, such as a building
• Characterized by,
• Transfer data at high speeds
• Exist in a limited geographical area
• Resources are managed by the company
running the LAN
LAN
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source : http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t%3Drouter&i%3D50637,00.asp
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
• Interconnects LANs
• Characterized by,
• Transfer data at low speeds
• Exist in an unlimited geographical area
• Interconnects multiple LANs
• Connectivity and Resources are managed by a
Telephone Company
WAN
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source : https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/35420
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
WAN IP Routing
Source : http://images.yourdictionary.com/routing-protocol
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Routing Cont.,
Source : http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19082-01/819-3000/gcxjj/index.html
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source: http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t%3Drouter&i%3D50637,00.asp
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
L2 switching vs. L3 routing
• Until the
destination is found
the network is
flooded
• VLAN reduces
unnecessary
flooding
• Does not flood the
network
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
• MAC learning table
(forwarding table)
– MAC/VLAN <-> port
• VLAN table
identification/
separation (used for
tagging/un tagging)
– VLAN <-> port
– VLAN is assigned to a
port by the switch. This
is not dynamic. Need
to provision.
L2 switch
Source : http://www.networkmagazineindia.com/200205/primer.shtml
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Functions of a L2 Switch
• MAC learning (populating the MAC/VLAN
table)
• Forwarding (uses MAC/VALN table)
• If a computer does not send traffic (silent),
then all the traffic coming to that computer
come as flooding (the switch learns the
computers MAC by the source MAC)
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Broadcasting
• Ex:- server advertises its presence to the
clients
L2 Switch
(flood)
Server (broadcast)
ClientClient
Single
broadcast
domain
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
intranets
• A computer network that uses IP
technology to share information,
operational systems, or computing
services within an organization
• Sometimes, refers only to the
organization's internal website, but may be
a more extensive part of the organization's
information technology infrastructure
• May be composed of multiple LANs
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
internet
• A network between organizations
• Internet vs. internet
Source: herweightlossdiary.blogspot.com
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
extranet
• A computer network that allows controlled access
from the outside, for specific business or
educational purposes
• In a business-to-business context, an extranet can
be viewed as an extension of an organization's
intranet that is extended to users outside the
organization, usually partners, vendors, and
suppliers, in isolation from all other Internet users
• An extranet is similar to a DMZ in that it provides
access to needed services for channel partners,
without granting access to an organization's entire
network
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source: http://www.brighthub.com/computing/enterprise-security/articles/63387.aspx
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Content
NGN &
transformation
OSI model
and
protocols
Wireline
networks
Ethernet
MPLS
LAN WAN
technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
What Do We Mean By “Ethernet?”
• Ethernet as an interface
• Ethernet as a point-to-point link
 IEEE 802.3 view
• Ethernet as a Packet Switched Network (PSN) infrastructure
(transport)
 IEEE 802.1 (bridging) view
 ITU-T SG15 / SG13 managed Ethernet network view
• Ethernet as a protocol
• Ethernet as a service
 MEF view – user-to-user transfer of 802.3 frames over any
transport layer
 E-Line, E-LAN, E-Tree, E-Access
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
The Basic Ethernet Bus
Thinet coaxial cable
Disconnecting a single connection will bring the whole network down!
Source : http://www.datacottage.com/nch/eoperation.htm
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Using a Hub
• Bus - >Star
• Collisions still possible
• Centralized wiring
• Can automatically bypass any ports that are disconnected or have a cabling fault
• -> network much more fault tolerant than a coax based system
Source : http://www.datacottage.com/nch/eoperation.htm
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Using a Switch
• To overcome the problem of collisions and other effects on network speed
• Machines can transmit simultaneously
Source : http://www.datacottage.com/nch/eoperation.htm
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source : http://www.technology-training.co.uk/carrierethernetandproviderbackbonebridging_33.php
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Content
NGN &
transformation
OSI model
and
protocols
Wireline
networks
Ethernet
MPLS
LAN WAN
technologies
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
MPLS
• Traffic is switched
• Control signal is routed (IP/MPLS)
• Mechanism in high-performance telecommunications
networks that directs data from one network node to
the next based on short path labels rather than long
network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a
routing table
• Labels identify virtual links (paths) between distant
nodes rather than endpoints (LSP)
• Can encapsulate packets of various network protocols
• Supports a range of access technologies, including
T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay & DSL
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Outer label 1
Ethernet
Inner label
Ethernet
Inner label
Outer label 2
Ethernet
Inner label
Outer label 3
Ethernet
Inner label
Outer label 4
EthernetEthernet
A E
D
C
B
Ethernet Ethernet
MPLS
LDP signaling session (TCP port 646)
RSVP-TE signaling
MPLS operation (carrier Ethernet)
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Traffic
Service
Ethernet Service Switch
Physical Network
Ethernet over MPLS over
Ethernet
MPLS
Ethernet
Physical
IP
Ethernet
MPLS or GRE
.1q
GE,10GE etc.
Outer label
Service label=VC label=inner label
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Source: http://blog.ipexpert.com/2012/06/06/introduction-to-mpls/
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Relation between pseudowire,
tunnel and LSP
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
The world of headers
1
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Usage of IP in SP networks (ex:-)
• Networks
– IP/Ethernet
• L3 (IP)
– Core (Private IP + routing +
MPLS)
– Edge (Private IP + routing +
MPLS)
– Aggregation (Private IP +
routing + MPLS)
• L2 (Ethernet)
– Access (Private IP (only for
management ))
– TDM
• No IP
– Management (Private IP)
• Core
• Edge
• Aggregation
• Access
• Services
– IP based
• Private IP (VPN,
IPTV, NGN voice)
• Public IP (Internet)
– Ethernet based
• E-LINE, E-LAN
(customer may use
private IPs)
– TDM based
• PP, IPLC (customer
may use private IPs)
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Service flow scenarios
IP network
TDM Network
IP network
TDM Network
IP Service
IP Service
TDM Service
TDM Service
• Service is routed/switched
• Service end points have IP addresses
• Service is tunneled
• Service end points do NOT have IP addresses
• Service takes a dedicated circuit path
• Service end points have IP addresses
• Service takes a dedicated circuit path
• Service end points do NOT have IP addresses
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
Aggregation of IP traffic over a
packet-optical infrastructure
Aggregation network can be made less complex and given
better performance if the IP functionality is restricted to the
end nodes, i.e. the access nodes and the routers of the core
network.
Source: Transmode
Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU

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CSP IP Networks

  • 1. Service Provider IP Networks April 2014 Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 2. Content NGN & transformation OSI model and protocols Wireline networks Ethernet MPLS LAN WAN technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 3. Content NGN & transformation OSI model and protocols Wireline networks Ethernet MPLS LAN WAN technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 4. Categorization CSP networks Core Wired (optical fiber) Wireless Aggregation Wired (optical fiber) Wireless Access Wired Copper Narrow Band Broadband ADSL/2/2+ VDSL/2 Optical fiber AON PON TDM PON APON BPON GPON EPON 10GPON 10GEPON WDM PON Hybrid PON Cable Wireless WPAN WLAN WMAN WWAN Cellular 2G 3G 4G Satellite Media Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 5. Original PSTN UTP • Manual switching directly connected two local loops • Due to microphone technology, audio BW was 4 kHz (4000 oscillations per second) • PSTN is the network • POTS is the service UTP Diaphragm Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 6. Analog switched PSTN • Invention of tube amplifier enabled long distance • Between central offices used FDM spaced at 4 kHz (each cable carrying 1 group = 12 channels) CO CO Local loop (analog) Local loop (analog) Telephone network (analog) Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 7. Data support via voice-grade modems • To send data, it is converted into 4 kHz audio (modem) • Data rate is determined by Shannon's capacity theorem (there is a maximum data rate (bps) called the "capacity”, that can be reliably sent through the communications channel. The capacity depends on the BW and SNR) Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 8. Digital PSTN Source : http://kingdominique.be/notepro/nyquist-theorem Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 9. Digital PSTN, Cont., “last mile”CO SWITCH “last mile” Subscriber Line PSTN CO SWITCH TDM TDM digital analog LP filter to 4 kHz at input to CO switch (before A/D) • Sample 4 kHz audio at 8 kHz (Nyquist) • Need 8 bits per sample = 64 kbps • Multiplexing 64 kbps channels leads to higher and higher rates • Only the subscriber line (local loop) remains analog (too expensive to replace) Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 10. Digital Local Loop Technologies • ISDN – Voice and Data – Longer distance • DSL – Higher speed – Several variants • Different encoding technologies -> different data transmission rates Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 11. ISDN • set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the PSTN Source: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/dial/configuration/guide/dia_isdn_pri_slt_ps6350_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html Different access interfaces Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 12. DSL technologies ADSL ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 ITU G.992.1 (G.DMT) ITU G.992.2 (G.Lite) ADSL2 ITU G.992.3 ITU G.992.4 ITU G.992.3 Annex J ITU G.992.3 Annex L ADSL2+ ITU G.992.5 ITU G.992.5 Annex M HDSL ITU G.991.1 HDSL2 IDSL MSDSL PDSL RADSL SDSL SHDSL ITU G.991.2 UDSL VDSL ITU G.993.1 VDSL2 ITU G.993.2 Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 13. Typical Cu access network last (first) mile DP CAB Rosette Discharger Network demarcation MDF Edge Network Node Ex:- C4/5 switch, AGW Ex:- Telephone, DSU, modem, NTU PrimarySecondary (overhead) (Underground)(Underground) OSP CO CP Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 14. Last (1st) mile connectivity media Electrical Signal (Current) Optical Signal (Light) Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 15. xDSL flavors Source : http://wiki.ftthcouncil.eu/index.php?title=File:Dsl-distance-chart.png&filetimestamp=20100413150655 Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 16. FTTx Technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 18. Content NGN & transformation OSI model and protocols Wireline networks Ethernet MPLS LAN WAN technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 19. Network Network Network Vertical to Horizontal Service Service Service Network Network Converged Network Control and Signaling Network Service Service Service Legacy: Service Specific Networks Future: NGN architecture for services Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 20. Session Control Layer Core Layer Aggregation Layer Access Layer xDSL WiMAX FTTH (PON) 3G Applications 4G (LTE) CDMA PSTN Transport Service Access Technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 21. Segments of NGN Architecture FTTx xDSL CDMA Wimax Access Network Aggregation Network Core Network Control and Signaling Network Customer Equipment IMS Controllers Non-IMS Controllers Application VoIP Data Video IM User Equipments Access Network Aggregation Network Core Network Control and Signaling Network Application Network Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 22. Transformation Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 23. Issues with Legacy Networks • Low bandwidth • No flexibility to scale • High cost of installation • Slow provisioning • Bandwidth growth inflexible/non-linear – Limited by multiplexing hierarchy • TDM-based access: inefficient for converged data Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 24. Transformation/ Migration/ Evolution • Voice centric -> data centric • Wired -> wireless – Copper -> fiber • Legacy -> NGN – Verticals -> convergence – Circuit Switching -> Packet Switching • TDM -> IP Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 25. Services /Application (wire-line) Voice – PSTN • Access : Copper • Transmission : PDH, SDH • Switching : Circuit Switching – NGN • Access : Copper, fiber • Aggregation : Carrier Ethernet • Core : IP/MPLS • Switching : Packet Switching Data – TDM • Services : Leased line • Access : Copper, fiber • Transmission : PDH, SDH – Narrowband • Services : Internet • Access : Dialup (PSTN) • Transmission : PDH, SDH – IP • Services : L3 VPN (IP/VPN), L2 VPN (VPLS) • Access : Copper, fiber • Transport : IP/MPLS – Broadband • Services : Internet, IPTV, VoBB • Access : Copper, fiber • Transport : IP/MPLS LegacyNGN Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 26. Legacy NGN Multiple Control Layers Single Control Layer Multiple Transport Networks Single Transport Network Multiple Access Network Multiple Access Network Multiple Access Connection Single Access Connection Migration to an IP converged network Multiple Applications Multiple Applications Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 27. Content NGN & transformation OSI model and protocols Wireline networks Ethernet MPLS LAN WAN technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 28. King of England Scriber Translator Negotiator Manager Mail room Envelop Delivery King of France Scriber Translator Negotiator Manager Mail room Envelop Delivery Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 29. Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away User A Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical User B Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Layer 7 Layer 1 Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 30. TCP/IP vs. OSI Source: http://webpage.pace.edu/ms16182p/networking/protocols.html layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below it Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 31. Source : http://ccna-cisco.webs.com/osilayer.htm Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 32. Source : http://www.telecomhall.com/osi-7-layers-model.aspx Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 33. Source: http://webpage.pace.edu/ms16182p/networking/protocols.html Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 34. Source : http://www.markwilson.co.uk/blog/2006/03/osi-reference-model-and-how-it-relates.htm Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 35. Core Network Evolution • Synchronous – Connection oriented – TDM » SDH » PDH • Asynchronous – Connection oriented • X.25 (1976) • FR(80s) • ATM (90s) • MPLS – Connection-less • Ethernet (1973~1976) • IP (DoD Standard IP, RFC 760, Jan 1980) Synchronous / Asynchronous synchronous synchronous Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 36. Data Link Layer • provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and might provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the physical layer • Ex: - ATM, L2TP, IEEE 802.3, Frame Relay, PPP, X.25 Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 37. X.25 • an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched WAN communication • X.25 WAN consists of packet-switching exchange (PSE) nodes as the networking hardware, and leased lines, plain old telephone service connections or ISDN connections as physical links • replaced by less complex protocols, especially the IP Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 38. X.25, cont., Source: http://sangoma.com/support/tutorials/x25.html Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 39. Frame Relay (FR) • Standardized WAN technology that specifies the physical and logical link layers of digital telecommunications channels using a packet switching methodology • Network providers commonly implement Frame Relay for voice (VoFR) and data as an encapsulation technique, used between LANs over a WAN • Each end-user gets a private line (or leased line) to a FR node • Reason for its popularity: – Less expensive than leased lines – Simplicity of configuring user equipment Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 40. FR, cont., Source: http://feryjunaedi.wordpress.com/page/3/ Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 41. ATM • Defined by ANSI and ITU standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals • Uses asynchronous TDM & encodes data into small, fixed- sized cells (Differs from approaches such as the IP or Ethernet that use variable sized packets or frames) • Provides data link layer services that run over a wide range of OSI physical Layer links • Has functional similarity with both circuit switched networking and small packet switched networking Source: http://support.novell.com/techcenter/articles/nc1997_02c.html Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 42. ATM, cont., Source: http://jonapchan.blogspot.com/2012/02/asynchronous-transfer-mode-atm.html Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 43. Network Layer • Responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers • Provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination host via one or more networks while maintaining the QoS functions • Since many networks are partitioned into subnetworks and connect to other networks for wide-area communications, networks use specialized hosts, called gateways or routers to forward packets between networks • Ex: -IPv4, IPv6, ARP, ICMP, IPSec, IGMP, IPX, AppleTalk Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 44. IP • IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host solely based on the addresses. • For this purpose, IP defines datagram structures that encapsulate the data to be delivered • also defines addressing methods that are used to label the datagram source and destination • connectionless • The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the internet • successor is Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), which is increasing in use. Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 45. IP Address Source : http://images.books24x7.com/bookimages/id_35312/de550114_thm.jpg Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 46. IP Address Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 47. IP address classes Source: http://www.hill2dot0.com/wiki/index.php?title=IP_address Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 48. Private IPs Source : http://icomputerdenver.com/static-ip-and-domain-name-lion-server/ Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU 247.135.16.199 247.135.16.199 247.135.16.199
  • 49. Transport Layer • provides E2E communication services for applications within a layered architecture of network components and protocols • provides convenient services such as connection-oriented data stream support, reliability, flow control, and multiplexing • Ex:-TCP UDP Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 50. TCP • one of the two original components of the suite, complementing the IP, and therefore the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP • provides reliable, ordered delivery of a stream of octets from a program on one computer to another program on another computer • used by major Internet applications such as the WWW, email, remote administration and file transfer • applications, which do not require reliable data stream service, may use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which provides a datagram service that emphasizes reduced latency over reliability Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 51. Application Layer • abstraction layer reserved for communications protocols and methods designed for process-to-process communications across a IP computer network • application layer protocols use the underlying transport layer protocols to establish host-to- host connections. • Ex:- DHCP, DHCPv6, DNS, FTP, HTTP, IRC, MGCP, BGP ,NTP ,POP, RTP, RTSP, RIP, SIP, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, Telnet, SSL Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 52. Content NGN & transformation OSI model and protocols Wireline networks Ethernet MPLS LAN WAN technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 53. 1.Local Area Network (LAN) 2.Wide Area Network (WAN) 3.Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Types of Networks Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 54. • Group of computers and network communication devices interconnected within a geographically limited area, such as a building • Characterized by, • Transfer data at high speeds • Exist in a limited geographical area • Resources are managed by the company running the LAN LAN Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 55. Source : http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t%3Drouter&i%3D50637,00.asp Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 56. • Interconnects LANs • Characterized by, • Transfer data at low speeds • Exist in an unlimited geographical area • Interconnects multiple LANs • Connectivity and Resources are managed by a Telephone Company WAN Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 57. Source : https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/35420 Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 58. WAN IP Routing Source : http://images.yourdictionary.com/routing-protocol Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 59. Routing Cont., Source : http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19082-01/819-3000/gcxjj/index.html Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 60. Source: http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t%3Drouter&i%3D50637,00.asp Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 61. L2 switching vs. L3 routing • Until the destination is found the network is flooded • VLAN reduces unnecessary flooding • Does not flood the network Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 62. • MAC learning table (forwarding table) – MAC/VLAN <-> port • VLAN table identification/ separation (used for tagging/un tagging) – VLAN <-> port – VLAN is assigned to a port by the switch. This is not dynamic. Need to provision. L2 switch Source : http://www.networkmagazineindia.com/200205/primer.shtml Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 63. Functions of a L2 Switch • MAC learning (populating the MAC/VLAN table) • Forwarding (uses MAC/VALN table) • If a computer does not send traffic (silent), then all the traffic coming to that computer come as flooding (the switch learns the computers MAC by the source MAC) Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 64. Broadcasting • Ex:- server advertises its presence to the clients L2 Switch (flood) Server (broadcast) ClientClient Single broadcast domain Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 65. intranets • A computer network that uses IP technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization • Sometimes, refers only to the organization's internal website, but may be a more extensive part of the organization's information technology infrastructure • May be composed of multiple LANs Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 66. internet • A network between organizations • Internet vs. internet Source: herweightlossdiary.blogspot.com Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 67. extranet • A computer network that allows controlled access from the outside, for specific business or educational purposes • In a business-to-business context, an extranet can be viewed as an extension of an organization's intranet that is extended to users outside the organization, usually partners, vendors, and suppliers, in isolation from all other Internet users • An extranet is similar to a DMZ in that it provides access to needed services for channel partners, without granting access to an organization's entire network Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 68. Source: http://www.brighthub.com/computing/enterprise-security/articles/63387.aspx Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 69. Content NGN & transformation OSI model and protocols Wireline networks Ethernet MPLS LAN WAN technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 70. What Do We Mean By “Ethernet?” • Ethernet as an interface • Ethernet as a point-to-point link  IEEE 802.3 view • Ethernet as a Packet Switched Network (PSN) infrastructure (transport)  IEEE 802.1 (bridging) view  ITU-T SG15 / SG13 managed Ethernet network view • Ethernet as a protocol • Ethernet as a service  MEF view – user-to-user transfer of 802.3 frames over any transport layer  E-Line, E-LAN, E-Tree, E-Access Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 71. The Basic Ethernet Bus Thinet coaxial cable Disconnecting a single connection will bring the whole network down! Source : http://www.datacottage.com/nch/eoperation.htm Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 72. Using a Hub • Bus - >Star • Collisions still possible • Centralized wiring • Can automatically bypass any ports that are disconnected or have a cabling fault • -> network much more fault tolerant than a coax based system Source : http://www.datacottage.com/nch/eoperation.htm Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 73. Using a Switch • To overcome the problem of collisions and other effects on network speed • Machines can transmit simultaneously Source : http://www.datacottage.com/nch/eoperation.htm Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 74. Source : http://www.technology-training.co.uk/carrierethernetandproviderbackbonebridging_33.php Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 75. Content NGN & transformation OSI model and protocols Wireline networks Ethernet MPLS LAN WAN technologies Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 76. MPLS • Traffic is switched • Control signal is routed (IP/MPLS) • Mechanism in high-performance telecommunications networks that directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table • Labels identify virtual links (paths) between distant nodes rather than endpoints (LSP) • Can encapsulate packets of various network protocols • Supports a range of access technologies, including T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay & DSL Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 77. Outer label 1 Ethernet Inner label Ethernet Inner label Outer label 2 Ethernet Inner label Outer label 3 Ethernet Inner label Outer label 4 EthernetEthernet A E D C B Ethernet Ethernet MPLS LDP signaling session (TCP port 646) RSVP-TE signaling MPLS operation (carrier Ethernet) Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 78. Traffic Service Ethernet Service Switch Physical Network Ethernet over MPLS over Ethernet MPLS Ethernet Physical IP Ethernet MPLS or GRE .1q GE,10GE etc. Outer label Service label=VC label=inner label Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 79. Source: http://blog.ipexpert.com/2012/06/06/introduction-to-mpls/ Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 80. Relation between pseudowire, tunnel and LSP Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 81. The world of headers 1 Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 82. Usage of IP in SP networks (ex:-) • Networks – IP/Ethernet • L3 (IP) – Core (Private IP + routing + MPLS) – Edge (Private IP + routing + MPLS) – Aggregation (Private IP + routing + MPLS) • L2 (Ethernet) – Access (Private IP (only for management )) – TDM • No IP – Management (Private IP) • Core • Edge • Aggregation • Access • Services – IP based • Private IP (VPN, IPTV, NGN voice) • Public IP (Internet) – Ethernet based • E-LINE, E-LAN (customer may use private IPs) – TDM based • PP, IPLC (customer may use private IPs) Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 83. Service flow scenarios IP network TDM Network IP network TDM Network IP Service IP Service TDM Service TDM Service • Service is routed/switched • Service end points have IP addresses • Service is tunneled • Service end points do NOT have IP addresses • Service takes a dedicated circuit path • Service end points have IP addresses • Service takes a dedicated circuit path • Service end points do NOT have IP addresses Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU
  • 84. Aggregation of IP traffic over a packet-optical infrastructure Aggregation network can be made less complex and given better performance if the IP functionality is restricted to the end nodes, i.e. the access nodes and the routers of the core network. Source: Transmode Anuradha Udunuwara | udunuwara@ieee.org | www.linkedin.com/in/anuradhau | @AnuradhU