" To rise to withstand hard core competition one needs to alter policies Six Sigma was my seminar topic in my college It helped me in my academics so standards upgraded that to achievable in any institute any field you are it serves its role.

1. Six Sigma
Prepared by:-
Guided by: -
Dixit Nehal Subhashbhai
Mr. Saurabh Tandel
(4th Computer, Roll No: 5108)

2. 1.0 Introduction
• “A methodology to manage
process variations that
cause defects and to
systematically work towards
managing variation to
eliminate those defects.”
• The objective of Six Sigma is
to deliver to the end
customer:-
– High performance
– Reliability
– Value

3. 1.0 Introduction CTD..
1.1 What is Quality?
 Internal orientation—
company’s perspective.
 The degree to which a
specific product conforms to
a design or specification.
 Differences in quality
amount to differences in the
quantity of some desired
ingredient or attribute.
 External orientation—
customer’s perspective.
 Fitness for use.
 Quality consists of the
capacity to satisfy wants.
Fig 1.1.1 In the modern era cut
throat competition demands
Quality

4. 1.0 Introduction
1.1 What is Quality? (CTD..)
Quality Is:
Conformance to

Requirements-
Meeting standards!

Fitness for use-

Meeting & Exceeding

customer’s needs!
Quality Dimensions-

Reliability

Responsiveness

Assurance

Empathy


5. 1.0 Introduction
1.1 What is Quality? (CTD..)
 Importance of
Quality
 Quality Control
Implement testing
procedures against
quality definitions.
 Quality Testing
Activities & processes
for specific testing
tasks.

6. 2.0 Six Sigma Concept
 σ : Indicates standard
deviation.
 Used to relate the ability
of a process to perform
defect free work.
 The higher the value the
better the process is
performing and the lower
the probability that a
defect will occur.

7. 2.0 Six Sigma Concept CTD..
2.2 Why Six?
Sigma Level Defects Per Cost Of Poor
Sigma % Good % Bad DPMO
Million Quality
Opportunities
1 30.9% 69.1% 691,462
2 308,537 N/A
2 69.1% 30.9% 308,538 (Noncompetitive
companies)
3 93.3% 6.7% 66,807
3 66,807 25-40% of sales
4 6210 15-52% of sales
4 99.38% 0.62% 6,210
(Industry Average)
5 99.977% 0.023% 233
5 233 5-15% of sales
6 3.4 <1% of sales
6 99.9997% 0.00034% 3.4
(World Class)
2.2.1 Table showing variation and 2.2.2 Table showing how world
striking difference that Six Sigma is Class companies eliminate their
having compared to all defect rate to minima and hence
compatible previously devised optimize their standards .
Sigma.

8. Larry Bossidy
WIPRO -
US DOD Launches 6sigma @
History India
introduces FMEA allied Signal
1997
Walter A. Shewhart
- control chart |
1994 1995
special vs. common Kano
cause variation >> Model
process problems.
1970’s 1986 Jack Welch -
IshiKawa GE
Wilfred Pareto Diagram
introduces
1960 Bill Smith – 6Sigma @
80/20
Motorola
1949
1924
1896 Alex Osborn of BBDO sets
1941 “brainstorming” definitions
1815 Gauss Uses Normal Curve for error
analysis, probability
1735 De Moivre Creates normal Curve

9. 2.0 Six Sigma Concept
2.4 Definitions
• “A term used to describe a measure of
quality control that is higher than quot;normal“.”
• “A measure of quality that strives for near
perfection. The Six Sigma process uses data
and rigorous statistical analysis to identify
quot;Defectsquot; in a process or product, reduce
variability, and achieve as close to zero
defects as possible.”
• “A disciplined data driven approach and
methodology for eliminating defects in any
process from manufacturing to transactional
& from product to service. It allows
organizations to make customer focused,
data driven decisions that ultimately yield a
reduction in product defect rate, increase
profits and employee morale and high
Fig 2.4.1 Defining the working
quality products-a accentuating situation for
model using Six Sigma to have
everyone involved.”
minimum defect i.e. zero defect
ideally.

10. 2.0 Six Sigma Concept
2.4 Definitions CTD..
Six Sigma is actually many things:
• A Goal
• A Vision
• A Metric
• A Strategy
• A Methodology
• An Application

11. 3.0 Six Sigma Methodology

12. 3.0 Six Sigma Methodology
• the project goals and
customer (internal and
external) requirements
 Objectives
Project’s purpose and
scope defined
 Outputs
Clear statement of
intended improvement,
A list of what is important
to the customer(s)

13. 3.0 Six Sigma Methodology
• The process to determine
current performance
 Objectives
Focus the improvement
effort by gathering
information on the
current situation.
 Outputs
Data that pinpoints
problem location or
occurrence.
A more focused problem
statement.

14. 3.0 Six Sigma Methodology
• Determine the root
cause(s) of the defects.
 Objectives
Identify root cause(s) and
confirm them with data.
 Outputs
Theory that has been
tested and confirmed

15. 3.0 Six Sigma Methodology
• The process by
eliminating defect root
causes.
 Objectives
Try out and implement
solutions that address root
causes
 Outputs
Planned, tested actions that
should eliminate or reduce the
impact of the identified root
causes.

16. 3.0 Six Sigma Methodology
 Objectives
Evaluate the solutions and
the plan.
Outline steps for on-going
improvements.
 Outputs
Completed documentation
of results, learning, and
recommendations.

17. 3.0 Six Sigma Methodology CTD…
Other Methodologies are :-
DFSS -Design For Six Sigma
DMADV-Define, Measure, Analyze, Design and
Verify.
DMADOV -Define, Measure, Analyze, Design,
Optimize and Verify.
IDOV -Identify, Design, Optimize and Validate
DMEDI-Define, Measure, Explore, Develop and
Implement.

18. 4.0 Six Sigma Tools
• Brainstorming
• Flow charts and process maps
• Pareto charts
• Control charts
• Cause and Effect Diagram (Fishbone Diagram)
• XY Matrix
• Hypothesis Testing
• Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
• Design of Experiments (DOE)

19. 5.0 Six Sigma Implementation
Six Sigma Implementation
Model Steps :
 Establishing Management
Commitment
 Information gathering
 Training – Master Black
Belt,Black Belt,Green
Belt,Champion.
 Developing Monitoring
Systems
 Business Processes To Be
Improved Are Chosen
 Conducting six sigma
projects

20. 6.0 Why To Adopt Six Sigma?
Opportunities Traditional Six Sigma Quality
(Three Sigma Quality)
300,000 letters delivered 3,000 miss-deliveries 1 miss-delivery
500,000 computer restarts 4,100 crashes < 2 crashes
500 years of end of month 60 months would not .018 months would not
closings balance balance
For every week of TV 1.68 hours of dead air 1.8 seconds of dead air
broadcasting (per channel)
Cleaning 1500 sq ft of 4 sq ft still dirty after Dirty carpet smaller than a
carpet cleaning postage stamp

21. 7.0 Six Sigma Applications
• Health care
• Laboratory
• Banking
• Insurance
• Construction
• Education

23. 8.0 Six Sigma Success Stories

24. 8.1 Cheapest Six Sigma
•Achieved by Dabbawala association running in
Mumbai.
•Daily 2 lac lunches are moved every day by
estimated 5000 dabbawala’s at very moderate
rate.
•600000:1 defect ratio.
•Six Sigma, ISO 2000 certified and this whole
system runs by means of illiterate Lecture MBA’s.
•No Strike for 116 years.
•Acclaimed by Forbes magazine. New York
Times based on survey that this industry expand
5 to 10 percent per year.

25. 9.0 Conclusion
• Today’s World is too competitive and to survive in this cut-
throat race of success and World leaders one has to adopt
the Six Sigma Methodology in any sector with any
designations.
• As we have seen from the world class dignified companies
like MOTOROLA,SEIMENS,MICROSOFT,GE,GM to Mumbai’s
DABBAWALLAS every one can attain this standard if
employees and all other adjoining entities unites under the
common goal for success of company for betterment of
individuals for promoting National Prestige .
• Hence we can draw the conclusion that the equation y =
f(x) is the basic equation of life. You can be sure of the
output only if you can control the inputs. In other words
the output of a process is the function of its inputs.