SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  15
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Beryllium
Muhammad Umair Bukhari

   Engr.umair.bukhari@gmail.com
      www.bzuiam.webs.com
         03136050151
 Has a charge of +2
 Is referred to by two names
   Glucinium – from the Greek word sweet
   Beryllium – named after the material beryl in which it is
      most commonly found.
 Pure beryllium only occurs naturally in small amounts, more
  commonly found as a compound.
 Most common ore of beryllium is beryl (Be3(Al2(SiO3))
 Found in the earths crust, 2 to 10 ppm (parts per million).
  This means it is relatively common metal.
   State at room temperature - solid

   Steel greyish-white surface

   Density – 1.85 g.cmˉ³

   Non-magnetic

   Melting point - 1287°C

   Boiling point - 2469°C

   Heat capacity – 16.443 J-mol ˉ ¹.K ˉ ¹

   Excellent thermal conductor

   Many of its salts display a sweet taste
 When left exposed beryllium will quickly react with oxygen to form beryllium
  oxide. This BeO from the reaction coats the metal with a layer which prevents
  further oxidization.
 Reacts with acids to form water and hydrogen gas
 Does however, resist attack by nitric acid.
 Solubility of beryllium and its salts vary
     Beryllium chloride, fluoride, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate are all soluble
      BeCl2, BeF2, Be(NO3)2, Be3(PO4)2 and BeSO4.
     Other beryllium compounds are either insoluble or slightly soluble
   Has one naturally occurring isotope and six other radioactive isotopes. These
    isotopes have no commercial use.
        ▪ Radioactive isotopes are ones that break apart and give off some form of
          radiation. These isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired
          at the atoms.
   Extensively used in X-ray machines. Thin sheets filter out visible light and only allow x-
    rays to be detected.
   Nuclear industry as a neutron reflector and moderator in nuclear reactors. Also used in
    nuclear weapons as a shell to surround the plutonium.
   Used in defense and airspace industries. These include high-speed aircraft, missile
    space vehicles and communication satellites.
   Liquid fueled rockets have nozzles of pure beryllium.
   In telecommunication, tools of beryllium are used to tune highly magnetic klystrons.
   Hardening agent in alloys.
     Most commonly beryllium-copper alloys. Three quarters of beryllium produced
        goes towards this process. This material has high electrical/thermal conductivity,
        high strength/hardness, non-magnetic and good corrosion/fatigue resistance.
        Used in spot-welding electrodes, springs, non-sparking tools and electrical
        contacts.
     Beralcast (alloy of beryllium and aluminium) used in helicopters and guidance
        systems as it is 3 times as stiff yet 25% lighter than aluminium.
 Widely used in jewelry.
   Two popular gemstones, emeralds and aquamarines, are in fact beryl that
     have impurities in them. Traces of chromium result in a brilliant green, and
     iron as an impurity results in beautiful blues.
   Can also be found as a tie tack or clip.
 Used to be used in florescent lighting tubes                                 (use
  was discontinued due to health risks to workers)
 Used for mirrors and lenses in the James Webb Space Telescope and Spitzer
  Space Telescope, as the mirrors will have to face temperatures of -240 °C. The
  beryllium doesn’t contract and deform as much as glass when presented with
  these temperatures.




James Webb Space Telescope
   Nuclear spin 3/2-
   Large scattering cross-section for high energy
    neutrons
   6 barns (defined as 10−28 m2 )
   Works as neutron reflector and neutron
    moderator
   9Be undergoes (n,2n) neutron reaction to
    produce 8Be which breaks into alpha particles
   It is a neutron multiplier, releasing more
    neutrons than it absorbs
   Beryllium also releases neutrons under
    bombardment by gamma rays
  as reflector material in nuclear weapons
  Surrounds spherical plutonium pit
  Is surrounded by high explosives
  Beryllium liner acts as
1.Reflector
2.Tamper
3.Generator
  A medium that reduces the speed of fast
   neutrons
  Turning them into thermal neutrons
  Capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction
  Use of beryllium is limited because:
1.It is expensive
2.toxic
   Powder metallurgy” techniques are used
    manufacturing different designs of
    “beryllium”
             These techniques include
                       HIP
                        CIP
Beryllium
EXTRUSION
  is a conventional approach to the creation of thick-walled
                       beryllium tubes
                              &
                          shapes.
 Extrusion provides consistent mechanical properties,
  dimensions and tolerances.
   Sections are made to dimensions that are well within
    commercial tolerances, and mechanical properties are
    superior to those of hot-pressed block in the direction of
    metal flow.
   Directional properties are produced in varying degrees as
    a function of crystallographic orientation.
Beryllium
Beryllium

Contenu connexe

Tendances (20)

Boron and Boron in Turkey
Boron and Boron in TurkeyBoron and Boron in Turkey
Boron and Boron in Turkey
 
7 facts that you should know about boron
7 facts that you should know about boron7 facts that you should know about boron
7 facts that you should know about boron
 
Properties of silicon_carbide-0852968701
Properties of silicon_carbide-0852968701Properties of silicon_carbide-0852968701
Properties of silicon_carbide-0852968701
 
carbon
carboncarbon
carbon
 
Nickel: A Corrosion-Resistant Element
Nickel: A Corrosion-Resistant ElementNickel: A Corrosion-Resistant Element
Nickel: A Corrosion-Resistant Element
 
Nickel cadmium battery
Nickel cadmium battery Nickel cadmium battery
Nickel cadmium battery
 
COBALT and ALLOYS by IAM,BZU multan PAKISTAN
COBALT and ALLOYS by IAM,BZU multan PAKISTANCOBALT and ALLOYS by IAM,BZU multan PAKISTAN
COBALT and ALLOYS by IAM,BZU multan PAKISTAN
 
Non ferrous metals & alloys it's properties & application
Non ferrous metals & alloys it's properties & applicationNon ferrous metals & alloys it's properties & application
Non ferrous metals & alloys it's properties & application
 
Synthetic Diamond for Aerospace Applications
Synthetic Diamond for Aerospace ApplicationsSynthetic Diamond for Aerospace Applications
Synthetic Diamond for Aerospace Applications
 
Aluminum Group
Aluminum GroupAluminum Group
Aluminum Group
 
04 copper and copper alloys
04 copper and copper alloys04 copper and copper alloys
04 copper and copper alloys
 
vlsi fabrication
vlsi fabricationvlsi fabrication
vlsi fabrication
 
Oxidation
OxidationOxidation
Oxidation
 
Lecture 10
Lecture 10Lecture 10
Lecture 10
 
Emil negoita
Emil negoitaEmil negoita
Emil negoita
 
Bismuth_final_with-references
Bismuth_final_with-referencesBismuth_final_with-references
Bismuth_final_with-references
 
METALS AND ALLOYS
METALS AND ALLOYSMETALS AND ALLOYS
METALS AND ALLOYS
 
Metallization
MetallizationMetallization
Metallization
 
Diamond thin films
Diamond   thin   filmsDiamond   thin   films
Diamond thin films
 
Nickel electroplating
Nickel electroplatingNickel electroplating
Nickel electroplating
 

En vedette (11)

Plutonium
PlutoniumPlutonium
Plutonium
 
Pu plutonium
Pu plutoniumPu plutonium
Pu plutonium
 
Plutonium
PlutoniumPlutonium
Plutonium
 
Radium Box company profile
Radium Box company profileRadium Box company profile
Radium Box company profile
 
Thorium
ThoriumThorium
Thorium
 
Thorium
ThoriumThorium
Thorium
 
Uranium (Josh Dorman)
Uranium (Josh Dorman)Uranium (Josh Dorman)
Uranium (Josh Dorman)
 
Uranium
Uranium Uranium
Uranium
 
Uranium
Uranium Uranium
Uranium
 
WATER JET CUTTING
WATER JET CUTTINGWATER JET CUTTING
WATER JET CUTTING
 
U R A N I U M!!!!
U R A N I U M!!!!U R A N I U M!!!!
U R A N I U M!!!!
 

Similaire à Beryllium

Machining Beryllium.pptx
Machining Beryllium.pptxMachining Beryllium.pptx
Machining Beryllium.pptxSalmaElnashar
 
Canada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, Construction
Canada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, ConstructionCanada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, Construction
Canada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, Constructioncanadametal
 
Use of Sheet Lead as the Protective Shielding
Use of Sheet Lead as the Protective ShieldingUse of Sheet Lead as the Protective Shielding
Use of Sheet Lead as the Protective Shieldingcanadametal
 
Copper & its properties
Copper & its propertiesCopper & its properties
Copper & its propertiessalman yousaf
 
The Importance Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment
The Importance Of Deep Cryogenic TreatmentThe Importance Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment
The Importance Of Deep Cryogenic TreatmentJulie Brown
 
Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid medium
Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid mediumCorrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid medium
Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid mediummohammed rida
 
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation RevisedLumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation RevisedTom Valente
 
Chapter 9 manufactured substances
Chapter 9 manufactured substancesChapter 9 manufactured substances
Chapter 9 manufactured substancesRossita Radzak
 
Materials of construction sb
Materials of construction sbMaterials of construction sb
Materials of construction sbMirza Salman Baig
 
Pharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptx
Pharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptxPharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptx
Pharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptxNikita Gupta
 
NON FERROUS ALLOYS.
NON FERROUS ALLOYS. NON FERROUS ALLOYS.
NON FERROUS ALLOYS. JadavParth
 
Chapter 9 manufacture substances
Chapter 9 manufacture substancesChapter 9 manufacture substances
Chapter 9 manufacture substancesFaridah Hamat
 
The use of ground blast furnace slag
The use of ground blast furnace slagThe use of ground blast furnace slag
The use of ground blast furnace slagGeraldo Braho
 

Similaire à Beryllium (20)

Machining Beryllium.pptx
Machining Beryllium.pptxMachining Beryllium.pptx
Machining Beryllium.pptx
 
Base metal alloys
Base metal alloys Base metal alloys
Base metal alloys
 
Canada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, Construction
Canada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, ConstructionCanada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, Construction
Canada Metal: Lead sheet metal for nuclear shielding, Construction
 
Non ferrous alloy
Non ferrous alloyNon ferrous alloy
Non ferrous alloy
 
Use of Sheet Lead as the Protective Shielding
Use of Sheet Lead as the Protective ShieldingUse of Sheet Lead as the Protective Shielding
Use of Sheet Lead as the Protective Shielding
 
Cswip 111 of painting
Cswip 111 of paintingCswip 111 of painting
Cswip 111 of painting
 
Copper & its properties
Copper & its propertiesCopper & its properties
Copper & its properties
 
The Importance Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment
The Importance Of Deep Cryogenic TreatmentThe Importance Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment
The Importance Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment
 
Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid medium
Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid mediumCorrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid medium
Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of copper alloys in acid medium
 
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation RevisedLumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
 
Presentation of copper
Presentation of copperPresentation of copper
Presentation of copper
 
Unit 6
Unit 6Unit 6
Unit 6
 
Introduction to material science
Introduction to material scienceIntroduction to material science
Introduction to material science
 
F04734043
F04734043F04734043
F04734043
 
Chapter 9 manufactured substances
Chapter 9 manufactured substancesChapter 9 manufactured substances
Chapter 9 manufactured substances
 
Materials of construction sb
Materials of construction sbMaterials of construction sb
Materials of construction sb
 
Pharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptx
Pharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptxPharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptx
Pharmaceutical Engineering Unit -5.pptx
 
NON FERROUS ALLOYS.
NON FERROUS ALLOYS. NON FERROUS ALLOYS.
NON FERROUS ALLOYS.
 
Chapter 9 manufacture substances
Chapter 9 manufacture substancesChapter 9 manufacture substances
Chapter 9 manufacture substances
 
The use of ground blast furnace slag
The use of ground blast furnace slagThe use of ground blast furnace slag
The use of ground blast furnace slag
 

Plus de onlinemetallurgy.com (20)

Twinning
TwinningTwinning
Twinning
 
TTT diagram of eutectoid steel and martensitic transformation
TTT diagram of eutectoid steel and martensitic transformationTTT diagram of eutectoid steel and martensitic transformation
TTT diagram of eutectoid steel and martensitic transformation
 
Tolerances and allowances
Tolerances and allowancesTolerances and allowances
Tolerances and allowances
 
Tolerance and allowance 2
Tolerance and allowance 2Tolerance and allowance 2
Tolerance and allowance 2
 
Time temperature transformation curves 2
Time temperature transformation curves 2Time temperature transformation curves 2
Time temperature transformation curves 2
 
The structure and properties of polymers
The structure and properties of polymersThe structure and properties of polymers
The structure and properties of polymers
 
Stress corrosion cracking
Stress corrosion crackingStress corrosion cracking
Stress corrosion cracking
 
Stainless steel in nuclear
Stainless steel in nuclearStainless steel in nuclear
Stainless steel in nuclear
 
Shore hardness
Shore hardnessShore hardness
Shore hardness
 
Sheet forming
Sheet formingSheet forming
Sheet forming
 
Rusting of fe and ss
Rusting of fe and ssRusting of fe and ss
Rusting of fe and ss
 
Rolling
RollingRolling
Rolling
 
Radioactivity & waste
Radioactivity & wasteRadioactivity & waste
Radioactivity & waste
 
Radiation hazards
Radiation hazardsRadiation hazards
Radiation hazards
 
Ultrasonic hardness testing
Ultrasonic hardness testingUltrasonic hardness testing
Ultrasonic hardness testing
 
Gas cooled reactors
Gas cooled reactorsGas cooled reactors
Gas cooled reactors
 
Fiber manufacturing
Fiber manufacturingFiber manufacturing
Fiber manufacturing
 
Hardness testing
Hardness testingHardness testing
Hardness testing
 
Precipitation hardening
Precipitation hardeningPrecipitation hardening
Precipitation hardening
 
Plastics
PlasticsPlastics
Plastics
 

Dernier

HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 

Dernier (20)

Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 

Beryllium

  • 2. Muhammad Umair Bukhari Engr.umair.bukhari@gmail.com www.bzuiam.webs.com 03136050151
  • 3.  Has a charge of +2  Is referred to by two names  Glucinium – from the Greek word sweet  Beryllium – named after the material beryl in which it is most commonly found.  Pure beryllium only occurs naturally in small amounts, more commonly found as a compound.  Most common ore of beryllium is beryl (Be3(Al2(SiO3))  Found in the earths crust, 2 to 10 ppm (parts per million). This means it is relatively common metal.
  • 4. State at room temperature - solid  Steel greyish-white surface  Density – 1.85 g.cmˉ³  Non-magnetic  Melting point - 1287°C  Boiling point - 2469°C  Heat capacity – 16.443 J-mol ˉ ¹.K ˉ ¹  Excellent thermal conductor  Many of its salts display a sweet taste
  • 5.  When left exposed beryllium will quickly react with oxygen to form beryllium oxide. This BeO from the reaction coats the metal with a layer which prevents further oxidization.  Reacts with acids to form water and hydrogen gas  Does however, resist attack by nitric acid.  Solubility of beryllium and its salts vary  Beryllium chloride, fluoride, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate are all soluble BeCl2, BeF2, Be(NO3)2, Be3(PO4)2 and BeSO4.  Other beryllium compounds are either insoluble or slightly soluble  Has one naturally occurring isotope and six other radioactive isotopes. These isotopes have no commercial use. ▪ Radioactive isotopes are ones that break apart and give off some form of radiation. These isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired at the atoms.
  • 6. Extensively used in X-ray machines. Thin sheets filter out visible light and only allow x- rays to be detected.  Nuclear industry as a neutron reflector and moderator in nuclear reactors. Also used in nuclear weapons as a shell to surround the plutonium.  Used in defense and airspace industries. These include high-speed aircraft, missile space vehicles and communication satellites.  Liquid fueled rockets have nozzles of pure beryllium.  In telecommunication, tools of beryllium are used to tune highly magnetic klystrons.  Hardening agent in alloys.  Most commonly beryllium-copper alloys. Three quarters of beryllium produced goes towards this process. This material has high electrical/thermal conductivity, high strength/hardness, non-magnetic and good corrosion/fatigue resistance. Used in spot-welding electrodes, springs, non-sparking tools and electrical contacts.  Beralcast (alloy of beryllium and aluminium) used in helicopters and guidance systems as it is 3 times as stiff yet 25% lighter than aluminium.
  • 7.  Widely used in jewelry.  Two popular gemstones, emeralds and aquamarines, are in fact beryl that have impurities in them. Traces of chromium result in a brilliant green, and iron as an impurity results in beautiful blues.  Can also be found as a tie tack or clip.  Used to be used in florescent lighting tubes (use was discontinued due to health risks to workers)  Used for mirrors and lenses in the James Webb Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope, as the mirrors will have to face temperatures of -240 °C. The beryllium doesn’t contract and deform as much as glass when presented with these temperatures. James Webb Space Telescope
  • 8. Nuclear spin 3/2-  Large scattering cross-section for high energy neutrons  6 barns (defined as 10−28 m2 )  Works as neutron reflector and neutron moderator  9Be undergoes (n,2n) neutron reaction to produce 8Be which breaks into alpha particles  It is a neutron multiplier, releasing more neutrons than it absorbs  Beryllium also releases neutrons under bombardment by gamma rays
  • 9.  as reflector material in nuclear weapons  Surrounds spherical plutonium pit  Is surrounded by high explosives  Beryllium liner acts as 1.Reflector 2.Tamper 3.Generator
  • 10.  A medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons  Turning them into thermal neutrons  Capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction  Use of beryllium is limited because: 1.It is expensive 2.toxic
  • 11. Powder metallurgy” techniques are used manufacturing different designs of “beryllium” These techniques include  HIP  CIP
  • 13. EXTRUSION  is a conventional approach to the creation of thick-walled  beryllium tubes &  shapes.  Extrusion provides consistent mechanical properties, dimensions and tolerances.  Sections are made to dimensions that are well within commercial tolerances, and mechanical properties are superior to those of hot-pressed block in the direction of metal flow.  Directional properties are produced in varying degrees as a function of crystallographic orientation.