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Secondary storage devices.
Secondary storage devices.
Secondary storage devices
 Since Primary storage has a limited storage
and is not permanent ,We use secondary
storage devices.
 Secondary storage devices are used to store
large amount of data Permanently.
Types of Secondary storage devices
Types include:
 Hard disks.
 Floppy disks.
 CD ROMs.
 DVDs.
 Pen drives.
 Blue Ray Disks.
Secondary storage devices.
Floppy Disks-History
 The first floppy disks were 8 Inches in diameter.They hold
upto 256 KB.
 The next generation were 5.25 inches in diameter.It Could
hold up to 1.44 MB.It is a standard one.
 The next generation were 3.5 inches in diameter.
 These disks are held within a hard plastic case
 A spring loaded flap protects the disk from dust and
greasy fingers.
 Could hold up to 2.88 MB
Floppy Disks(Diskette)
 It is one of the oldest type of portable storage devices
still in use.
 It is used to transfer small files between computers.
 It is also used to store data as backup.
 Floppy disks are made of a flexible substances called
Mylar.
 A standard floppy disk can store 1.44Mb of data(300
A4 pages).
Floppy Disks(Diskette)
 The Floppy disks can take more space for
graphics/pictures than texts.
 All disks are formatted before data can be written to
disks.
Formatting:
 Formatting means Marking and dividing the disk into
tracks and sectors.
 Disks are divided into concentric circles called tracks.
 Each track is subdivided into sectors.
Floppy disks
Floppy Disks (Diskette)
Parts of disks
 Read write head in the disks
Internal parts of floppy disk.
 Internal parts of a 3 1⁄2-inch floppy disk.
1) A hole that indicates a high-capacity
disk.
2) The hub that engages with the drive
motor.
3) A shutter that protects the surface when
removed from the drive.
4) The plastic housing.
5) A polyester sheet reducing friction
against the disk media as it rotates within
the housing.
6) The magnetic coated plastic disk.
7) A schematic representation of one
sector of data on the disk; the tracks and
sectors are not visible on actual disks.
Secondary storage devices.
Hard Disks
 A hard disk drive (HDD) is a data storage device used
for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly
rotating discs (platter) coated with magnetic material.
 A HDD memories store information on one or more
circular platters which are continually spinning.
 Information is recorded on the surface of rotating data by
magnetic heads as tiny magnetic spots.
 These heads are mounted on arms.
Hard Disks
 Information is recorded in bands.
 Each band of information in a given disk is called a
track.
 The tracks are commonly subdivided into pie-shaped
sections called sectors.
 A motor rotates the disk at a rapid speed.
 Data are recorded on the tracks and read by using
read/write heads.
Hard Disks
Secondary storage devices.
Compact Discs
 The Compact Disc or CDs are optical media.
 The CDs are relatively cheap and have a storage
capacity of up to 700Mb.
 The Compact Disc-Read Only Memory:
This is used only to store information ,not to
store data.
 Manufacturers use CD-ROMs to record information
including text ,graphics or audio on CD distribution.
CD-ROMs
 CD Roms use the same technology as audio Compact Discs.
 A master disc is created.
 Copies of the disc are created through a pressing
process
 The discs are aluminum sandwiched between plastic
 CDs are single sided.
Label
Acrylic
Aluminum
Plastic
CD-R(Recordable)
 Datas are recorded on these discs only once.
 The CD-Rs allow you to write on one part of the disc
on one time another part at a later time.
 Each part of CD-Rs allow you to write on only once and
can’t be erased.
Label
Acrylic
Aluminum
Plastic
Dye
CD-R(Recordable)
 CD Rs are made out of aluminum and plastic, but
also contain a dye layer
 This dye is modified by a laser when the disc is
being written.
 The laser heats up the dye and it becomes non-
reflective.
CD-RW(Rewritable)
 The CD-RW is an erasable disc.
 We can write it on multiple times like floppy or hard
disks.
 This is the main advantage in this.
 Too much of erasing fades the dye.
Label
Acrylic
Aluminum
Plastic
Dye
Secondary storage devices.
DVDs
 DVD is an optical storage device that looks like the
same as a CD.
 But,it ables to hold about 15 times as much
information and transfer it to the computer about 20
times as fast as CD-ROMs.
 Also called super density disk.
 It can hold 17 gigabytes of data.
DVD-ROM
 The DVD-ROM is high capacity optical disc capable of
storing 4.7 GB to 17GB.
 DVDs were originally developed for the movie
industry.
 It can read audio CDs,CD-ROMs,CD-Rs,CD-RWs
DVD-R
 It is similar to CD-Rs which allows user to write on
the disc once but read it many times.
 Dye layer is used for data writing.
DVD-RW
 Most writable DVD drives are DVD-RW.
 We can erase and read many times on them.
 DVD –R and DVD-RW have two additional formats
which are + and -.
Secondary storage devices.
Pen-Drive
 A pen drive, or a USB flash drive, is a portable data-
storage device.
 Pen drives have replaced the floppy drives of old and
have become the most popular data-storage devices
among consumers.
 Micro, lightweight and handy, a pen drive can be easily
carried from place to place by students, professionals,
academicians and independent tech consultants
Pen-Drive
 Currently available pen drives with storage capacities
ranging from 4GB and 32GB can be used to store
graphics-heavy documents, photos, music files and
video clips.
Pen-Drive
Design and implementation
1.USB standard male-A plug
2.USB mass storage control
device.
3.Test points.
4.Flash memory chip.
5.Crystal oscillator
6.LED(optional).
7.Write protect switch(option).
8.Space for second flash
memory.
Advantages Of Pen Drive
 Resistant to scratches, dust and magnetic fields.
 Consumes less power compared to other devices.
 Pen Drives are Universal
 Small Size for Easy Transport
 Affordability
Disadvantages of pen drives
 Due it’s small size, pen drives can be easily misplaced
or lost.
 Improperly wired USB ports can destroy the circuitry
of pen drives.
 Virus attack.
Pen drive Models
Secondary storage devices.
Blu-Ray Disc
 Blu-ray Disc (BD) is an Optical disc storage
medium designed to supersede the DVD format.
 The plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm
thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs.
 Developed by blu-ray disc association (which
includes Apple, Hitachi, HP, LG, Panasonic, Pioneer,
Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony).
 Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm
Blu-Ray Disc-Name
 The blu-ray name is a combination of “blue”, for the
color of the laser that is used and “ray” for optical ray.
 The “e” in “blue” was purposefully left off, according to
the manufacturers, because an everyday word cannot
be a trademark.
Blu-Ray Disc -Formats
 It comes in four different formats:
BD-ROM (read only) : for reading recorded content.
BD-R (recordable) : for PC data storage.
BD-RW (rewritable) : for PC data storage.
BD-RE (rewritable) : for HDTV (high definition
television) recording.
Types Of Blu-Ray Disc
SINGLE LAYER :
- Can hold data up to 25/27 GB that means 2 hrs of HD
video or about 13 hrs of standard video.
DOUBLE LAYER :
- Can hold data up to 50 GB that means 4.5 hrs of HD video
or more than 20 hrs of standard video.
FEATURES of BD
With BD we can:
 Record HDTV without any quality loss
 Instantly skip to any spot on disc.
 Record one program while watching other on the
disc
 Create playlists
 Edit or reorder programs recorded on disc
 Automatically search for an empty space on the
disc to avoid recording over a program
 Access to web to download subtitles and other
extra features
 And many more…
Blu-Ray Vs DVD
CD Vs DVD Vs Blu-Ray Disc
Blu-Ray Disc Products
Secondary storage devices.
Secondary storage devices.

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Secondary storage devices.

  • 3. Secondary storage devices  Since Primary storage has a limited storage and is not permanent ,We use secondary storage devices.  Secondary storage devices are used to store large amount of data Permanently.
  • 4. Types of Secondary storage devices Types include:  Hard disks.  Floppy disks.  CD ROMs.  DVDs.  Pen drives.  Blue Ray Disks.
  • 6. Floppy Disks-History  The first floppy disks were 8 Inches in diameter.They hold upto 256 KB.  The next generation were 5.25 inches in diameter.It Could hold up to 1.44 MB.It is a standard one.  The next generation were 3.5 inches in diameter.  These disks are held within a hard plastic case  A spring loaded flap protects the disk from dust and greasy fingers.  Could hold up to 2.88 MB
  • 7. Floppy Disks(Diskette)  It is one of the oldest type of portable storage devices still in use.  It is used to transfer small files between computers.  It is also used to store data as backup.  Floppy disks are made of a flexible substances called Mylar.  A standard floppy disk can store 1.44Mb of data(300 A4 pages).
  • 8. Floppy Disks(Diskette)  The Floppy disks can take more space for graphics/pictures than texts.  All disks are formatted before data can be written to disks. Formatting:  Formatting means Marking and dividing the disk into tracks and sectors.  Disks are divided into concentric circles called tracks.  Each track is subdivided into sectors.
  • 10. Floppy Disks (Diskette) Parts of disks  Read write head in the disks
  • 11. Internal parts of floppy disk.  Internal parts of a 3 1⁄2-inch floppy disk. 1) A hole that indicates a high-capacity disk. 2) The hub that engages with the drive motor. 3) A shutter that protects the surface when removed from the drive. 4) The plastic housing. 5) A polyester sheet reducing friction against the disk media as it rotates within the housing. 6) The magnetic coated plastic disk. 7) A schematic representation of one sector of data on the disk; the tracks and sectors are not visible on actual disks.
  • 13. Hard Disks  A hard disk drive (HDD) is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly rotating discs (platter) coated with magnetic material.  A HDD memories store information on one or more circular platters which are continually spinning.  Information is recorded on the surface of rotating data by magnetic heads as tiny magnetic spots.  These heads are mounted on arms.
  • 14. Hard Disks  Information is recorded in bands.  Each band of information in a given disk is called a track.  The tracks are commonly subdivided into pie-shaped sections called sectors.  A motor rotates the disk at a rapid speed.  Data are recorded on the tracks and read by using read/write heads.
  • 17. Compact Discs  The Compact Disc or CDs are optical media.  The CDs are relatively cheap and have a storage capacity of up to 700Mb.  The Compact Disc-Read Only Memory: This is used only to store information ,not to store data.  Manufacturers use CD-ROMs to record information including text ,graphics or audio on CD distribution.
  • 18. CD-ROMs  CD Roms use the same technology as audio Compact Discs.  A master disc is created.  Copies of the disc are created through a pressing process  The discs are aluminum sandwiched between plastic  CDs are single sided. Label Acrylic Aluminum Plastic
  • 19. CD-R(Recordable)  Datas are recorded on these discs only once.  The CD-Rs allow you to write on one part of the disc on one time another part at a later time.  Each part of CD-Rs allow you to write on only once and can’t be erased. Label Acrylic Aluminum Plastic Dye
  • 20. CD-R(Recordable)  CD Rs are made out of aluminum and plastic, but also contain a dye layer  This dye is modified by a laser when the disc is being written.  The laser heats up the dye and it becomes non- reflective.
  • 21. CD-RW(Rewritable)  The CD-RW is an erasable disc.  We can write it on multiple times like floppy or hard disks.  This is the main advantage in this.  Too much of erasing fades the dye. Label Acrylic Aluminum Plastic Dye
  • 23. DVDs  DVD is an optical storage device that looks like the same as a CD.  But,it ables to hold about 15 times as much information and transfer it to the computer about 20 times as fast as CD-ROMs.  Also called super density disk.  It can hold 17 gigabytes of data.
  • 24. DVD-ROM  The DVD-ROM is high capacity optical disc capable of storing 4.7 GB to 17GB.  DVDs were originally developed for the movie industry.  It can read audio CDs,CD-ROMs,CD-Rs,CD-RWs
  • 25. DVD-R  It is similar to CD-Rs which allows user to write on the disc once but read it many times.  Dye layer is used for data writing.
  • 26. DVD-RW  Most writable DVD drives are DVD-RW.  We can erase and read many times on them.  DVD –R and DVD-RW have two additional formats which are + and -.
  • 28. Pen-Drive  A pen drive, or a USB flash drive, is a portable data- storage device.  Pen drives have replaced the floppy drives of old and have become the most popular data-storage devices among consumers.  Micro, lightweight and handy, a pen drive can be easily carried from place to place by students, professionals, academicians and independent tech consultants
  • 29. Pen-Drive  Currently available pen drives with storage capacities ranging from 4GB and 32GB can be used to store graphics-heavy documents, photos, music files and video clips.
  • 31. Design and implementation 1.USB standard male-A plug 2.USB mass storage control device. 3.Test points. 4.Flash memory chip. 5.Crystal oscillator 6.LED(optional). 7.Write protect switch(option). 8.Space for second flash memory.
  • 32. Advantages Of Pen Drive  Resistant to scratches, dust and magnetic fields.  Consumes less power compared to other devices.  Pen Drives are Universal  Small Size for Easy Transport  Affordability
  • 33. Disadvantages of pen drives  Due it’s small size, pen drives can be easily misplaced or lost.  Improperly wired USB ports can destroy the circuitry of pen drives.  Virus attack.
  • 36. Blu-Ray Disc  Blu-ray Disc (BD) is an Optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format.  The plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs.  Developed by blu-ray disc association (which includes Apple, Hitachi, HP, LG, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony).  Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm
  • 37. Blu-Ray Disc-Name  The blu-ray name is a combination of “blue”, for the color of the laser that is used and “ray” for optical ray.  The “e” in “blue” was purposefully left off, according to the manufacturers, because an everyday word cannot be a trademark.
  • 38. Blu-Ray Disc -Formats  It comes in four different formats: BD-ROM (read only) : for reading recorded content. BD-R (recordable) : for PC data storage. BD-RW (rewritable) : for PC data storage. BD-RE (rewritable) : for HDTV (high definition television) recording.
  • 39. Types Of Blu-Ray Disc SINGLE LAYER : - Can hold data up to 25/27 GB that means 2 hrs of HD video or about 13 hrs of standard video. DOUBLE LAYER : - Can hold data up to 50 GB that means 4.5 hrs of HD video or more than 20 hrs of standard video.
  • 40. FEATURES of BD With BD we can:  Record HDTV without any quality loss  Instantly skip to any spot on disc.  Record one program while watching other on the disc  Create playlists  Edit or reorder programs recorded on disc  Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program  Access to web to download subtitles and other extra features  And many more…
  • 42. CD Vs DVD Vs Blu-Ray Disc