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Difference between RDF, OData and GData

  RDF                               OData                           GData

  Abbreviation:                     Abbreviation:              Abbreviation:
  RDF stands for Resource           OData stands for Open Data GData stands for Google
  Description Framework             Protocol                   Data Protocol

  Meaning:                          Meaning:                        Meaning:
  RDF is a framework which          The Open Data Protocol          Gdata provides a simple
  follows W3C technology for        (OData) is an open web          protocol for reading and
  representing information in       protocol for querying and       writing data on the Internet,
  the Web.                          updating data. The protocol     designed by Google. GData
                                    allows for a consumer to        combines common XML-
  The design of RDF is              query a datasource over the     based syndication formats
  intended to meet the              HTTP protocol and get the       (Atom and RSS) with a feed-
  following goals:                  result back in formats like     publishing system based on
                                    Atom, JSON or plain XML,        the     Atom         Publishing
     i.having a simple data         including         pagination,   Protocol,       plus      some
  model                             ordering or filtering of the    extensions for handling
     ii.having formal semantics     data.                           queries. It relies on XML or
  and provable inference                                            JSON as a data format.
     iii.using an extensible URI-   Many of the building blocks
  based vocabulary                  that make up OData are          Google provides GData
     iv.using an XML-based          standardized via Atom and       client libraries for Java,
  syntax                            AtomPub. The OData              JavaScript, .NET, PHP,
     v.supporting use of XML        specification is available      Python, and Objective-C.
  schema datatypes                  under the Microsoft Open
     vi.allowing anyone to make     Specification Promise (OSP).
  statements about any resource     Microsoft has released an
                                    OData software development
  It is used in Mozilla to          kit (SDK) consisting of
  integrate and aggregate           libraries for .NET, PHP,
  Internet resources.               Java, JavaScript, webOS,
                                    and the iPhone.
  Mozilla RDF was originally
  used to support the
  Aurora/Sidebar user interface
  and SmartBrowsing metadata
  services. It's main use in
  Mozilla now is as a common
  data model and API for use in
  XUL-based applications

  Logical Model:                    Logical Model:                  Logical Model:
  Graph/EAV.Technology              Graph/EAV. AtomPub and          Unclear/Mixed – whatever
  grounding (esp OWL ) in           EDM grounding in entity         google logical Model is
  Description Logic.[12, 13].       relationship modelling [11].    behind      services,  but
  “Open World Assumption”           “Closed               World     transcoded and exposed as
  [27]                              Assumption”[28] view (?)        AtomPub/JSON.         Data
                                    but with “OpenTypes” and        relations and graphs not
                                    “Dynamic Properties”[29]        controllable by API – eg
cannot define a link between
                                                                  data elements that doesnt
                                                                  already exist. GData is
                                                                  primarily a client API.

Physical model:                  Physical model:                  Physical model:
Not mandated, but probably       Not mandated, but probably       Google applications and
backed by a triple store and     backed by existing RDBMS         services publishing data in
serialised over Http to          persistence [4 - "Abstract       AtomPub/JSON format, with
RDF/XML, Json,TTL, N3 or         Data Model"], or more            Google Data Namespace[58]
other format. RDBMS              precisely a non-triple store.    element.
backing or proxying possible.    (I have no evidence to
                                 support this, but the gist of
                                 docs and examples suggests
                                 it as a typical use case) and
                                 serialised over Http with
                                 Atom/JSON according to
                                 Entity Data Model (EDM)[6]
                                 and Conceptual Schema
                                 Definition Language (CSDL)
                                 [11]

Intent:                          Intent:                          Intent:
Data syndication and web         Data      publishing      and    Google       cloud        data
level linking : "The goal of     syndication : "There is a vast   publishing [55] : "The
the W3C SWEO Linking             amount of data available         Google      Data      Protocol
Open Data community              today and data is now being      provides a secure means for
project is to extend the Web     collected and stored at a rate   external developers to write
with a data commons by           never seen before. Much, if      new applications that let end
publishing various open data     not most, of this data           users access and update the
sets as RDF on the Web and       however is locked into           data stored by many Google
by setting RDF links between     specific    applications    or   products.External developers
data items from different data   formats and difficult to         can use the Google Data
sources"                         access or to integrate into      Protocol directly, or they can
                                 new uses"                        use any of the supported
                                                                  programming         languages
                                                                  provided by the client
                                                                  libraries"

Protocol,operations:             Protocol,operations:       Protocol,operations:
http, content negotiation,       http, content negotiation, http,REST     (PUT/POST?
RDF, REST-GET. Sparql 1.1        AtomPub/JSON,        REST- GET/PATCH/DELETE)[56]
for update                       GET/PUT/POST/DELETE
                                 [9]

Openness/Extensibility:          Openness/Extensibility:        Openness/Extensibility:
Any and all,create your own       Any and all (with a “legacy” Google applications and
ontology/namespace/URIs          Microsoft base), while reuse services only.
with RDFS/OWL/SKOS/…,            Microsoft       classes   and
large opensource tooling &       types,namespaces (EDM)[6]
community, multiple              with               Atom/JSON
serialisation                    serialisation. Large microsoft
RDF/XML,JSON, N3, TTL,           tooling and integration with
…                                others following.[7,8]


URI minting,dereferencing :      URI                              URI minting,dereferencing
Create your own URIs and         minting,dereferencing :          :
namespaces following             Unclear whether concept          Atom namespace. <link
guidelines (“slash vs hash”)     URI and Location URI are         rel=”self”
[15,16] Subject, predicate and   distinguished in specification   …/> denotes URI
object URIs must be              -values can certainly be         of item. ETags also used for
dereferencible, content          Location URIs, and IDs can       versioned updates. Google
negotiation expected.            be URIs, but attribute           Data namespace for content
Separation of concept URI        properties              aren’t   “Kinds”.[59],
and location URI central.        dereferencible to Location       no dereferencing.
                                 URIs.Well specified URI
                                 conventions [21]

Linking, matching,               Linking,matching,                Linking,matching,
equivalence:                     equivalence:                     equivalence:
External entities can            Navigation properties link       URIS Not dereferencable,
inherently be directly linked    entity elements within a         linkage outside of google not
by reference, and equivalence    single OData materialisation     possible.
is possible with owl:sameAs,     -external     linkage     not
owl:seeAlso (and other           possible.      Dereferencable
equivalence assertions)          attribute    properties   not
                                 possible but proposed[10].

Namespace handling,              Namespace         handling,      Namespace       handling,
vocabularies:                    vocabularies:                    vocabularies:
Declare namespaces as            Namespaces supported in          AtomPub and Google Data
required when importing          EDM but unclear if possible      namespace only.
public or “well known”           to     create   and      use
ontologies/vocabularies,         namespace,or if it can be
creating SPARQL queries,         backed with a custom
short hand URIs,create new       class/property    definition
as required for your own         (ontology). $metadata seems
custom classes, instances.       to separate logically and
                                 physically type and service
                                 metadata from instance data
                                 – ie oData doesn’t “eat its
                                 own dog food”.

Content negotiation:             Content negotiation:          Content negotiation:
Client and server negotiate      Client specifies or server Use alt query param (accept-
content to best determination.   fails, or default to Atom header not used)[57]
[17,18]                          representation.[19].    Only
                                 XML serialisation for service
                                 metadata.[40]. New mime-
                                 types introduced.

Query capability :               Query capability :          Query capability :
Dereferencibility central        Proposed     dereferencible Query                          by
principle to linked data,          URIs with special $metadata author,category,fields.
  whether in document, local         path element allow type
  endpoint or federated.             metadata to be retrieved [10].
  SPARQL [14] query language         Running a structured query
  allows suitably equipped           against an OData service
  endpoints to service               with     something        like
  structured query requests and      SPARQL isn’t possible.
  return serialised RDF, json,
  csv, html, …

  Security, privacy,                 Security,           privacy,    Security,            privacy,
  provenance:                        provenance:                     provenance:
  No additional specifications       No additional specifications    Http wire protocols, but in
  above that supplied in             above that mandated in          addition       authentication
  web/http architecture. CORS        http/atom/json.[23,       31]   (OpenID) and authorization
  becoming popular as access         CORS use possible for cross     are         required(OAuth).
  filter method for cross-site       site             syndication.   “ClientLogin&#8221
  syndication capability at          Dallas/Azure Datamarket for     ;    and     AuthSub      are
  client level. Server side          “trusted commercial and         deprecated.     [60].     No
  access control. Standards for      premium public domain           provenance handling.
  Provenance and privacy             data”.[26]
  planned and under
  development[24]. W3C XG
  provenance group[25]

Sources:

http://uoccou.wordpress.com/2011/02/17/linked-data-odata-gdata-datarss-comparison-matrix/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GData

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework

http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-rdf-concepts-20031215/

References:

[1] http://www.w3.org/wiki/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData
[2] http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
[3] http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch
[4] http://www.microsoft.com/interop/osp/default.mspx
[5] http://www.w3.org/QA/2010/03/microsoft_bring_odata_to_a_w3c.html
[6] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#EntityDataModel
[7] http://www.odata.org/producers
[8] http://www.odata.org/consumers
[9] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations
[10] http://www.odata.org/blog/2010/4/22/queryable-odata-metadata
[11] http://www.odata.org/media/16348/%5Bmc-csdl%5D.pdf
[12] http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_logic
[14] http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
[15] http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/
[16] http://www.w3.org/wiki/DereferenceURI
[17] http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#def-coneg
[18] http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/#implementation
[19]
http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations#RepresentationFormatsAndContentTypeNeg
otiation
[20] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/batch
[21] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/uri-conventions
[22] http://code.google.com/p/void-impl/
[23] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#SecurityConsiderations
[24] http://lod2.eu/Welcome.html
[25] http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Relevant_Technologies
[26] https://datamarket.azure.com/
[27] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_world_assumption
[28] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_world_assumption
[29] http://www.odata.org/media/16343/%5Bmc-edmx%5D.pdf
[30] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations#InvokingServiceOperations
[31] http://blogs.msdn.com/astoriateam/archive/2010/05/10/odata-and-authentication-part-1.aspx
[32] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#ServiceMetadataDocument
[33] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#ProtocolVersioning
[34] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#AbstractTypeSystem
[35] http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2
[36] http://ckan.net/
[37] http://www.w3.org/wiki/SemanticWebTools#head-
805c63479c854babe4657d5184de605910f6d3e2
[38] http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
[39] http://www.odata.org/developers/articles
[40] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations#Retrievingthemetadatadocument
[41]
http://www.odata.org/blog/2010/8/6/enhancing-odata-support-for-querying-derived-types—
revisited
[42] http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-sparql11-update-20091022/
[43] http://www.swsi.org/
[44] http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/
[45] http://www.serviceweb30.eu/cms/
[46] http://www.w3.org/Submission/WSDL-S/
[47] http://webofdata.wordpress.com/2010/04/14/oh-it-is-data-on-the-web/
[48] http://blog.jonudell.net/2010/01/29/odata-for-collaborative-sense-making/
[49] http://www.powerpivot.com/
[50] http://sqlblog.com/blogs/jamie_thomson/archive/2010/02/03/microsoft-odata-and-rdf.aspx
[51] http://www.wsmo.org/
[52] http://void.rkbexplorer.com/
[53] http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/wssem
[54] http://rapporter.ffi.no/rapporter/2010/00015.pdf
[55] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/directory.html
[56] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/2.0/basics.html
[57] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/2.0/reference.html#QueryRequests
[58] http://schemas.google.com/g/2005
[59] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/2.0/elements.html
[60] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/auth/overview.html


And, further updates on difference between questions and answers, please visit my blog @
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Difference between rdf, odata and gdata

  • 1. Difference between RDF, OData and GData RDF OData GData Abbreviation: Abbreviation: Abbreviation: RDF stands for Resource OData stands for Open Data GData stands for Google Description Framework Protocol Data Protocol Meaning: Meaning: Meaning: RDF is a framework which The Open Data Protocol Gdata provides a simple follows W3C technology for (OData) is an open web protocol for reading and representing information in protocol for querying and writing data on the Internet, the Web. updating data. The protocol designed by Google. GData allows for a consumer to combines common XML- The design of RDF is query a datasource over the based syndication formats intended to meet the HTTP protocol and get the (Atom and RSS) with a feed- following goals: result back in formats like publishing system based on Atom, JSON or plain XML, the Atom Publishing i.having a simple data including pagination, Protocol, plus some model ordering or filtering of the extensions for handling ii.having formal semantics data. queries. It relies on XML or and provable inference JSON as a data format. iii.using an extensible URI- Many of the building blocks based vocabulary that make up OData are Google provides GData iv.using an XML-based standardized via Atom and client libraries for Java, syntax AtomPub. The OData JavaScript, .NET, PHP, v.supporting use of XML specification is available Python, and Objective-C. schema datatypes under the Microsoft Open vi.allowing anyone to make Specification Promise (OSP). statements about any resource Microsoft has released an OData software development It is used in Mozilla to kit (SDK) consisting of integrate and aggregate libraries for .NET, PHP, Internet resources. Java, JavaScript, webOS, and the iPhone. Mozilla RDF was originally used to support the Aurora/Sidebar user interface and SmartBrowsing metadata services. It's main use in Mozilla now is as a common data model and API for use in XUL-based applications Logical Model: Logical Model: Logical Model: Graph/EAV.Technology Graph/EAV. AtomPub and Unclear/Mixed – whatever grounding (esp OWL ) in EDM grounding in entity google logical Model is Description Logic.[12, 13]. relationship modelling [11]. behind services, but “Open World Assumption” “Closed World transcoded and exposed as [27] Assumption”[28] view (?) AtomPub/JSON. Data but with “OpenTypes” and relations and graphs not “Dynamic Properties”[29] controllable by API – eg
  • 2. cannot define a link between data elements that doesnt already exist. GData is primarily a client API. Physical model: Physical model: Physical model: Not mandated, but probably Not mandated, but probably Google applications and backed by a triple store and backed by existing RDBMS services publishing data in serialised over Http to persistence [4 - "Abstract AtomPub/JSON format, with RDF/XML, Json,TTL, N3 or Data Model"], or more Google Data Namespace[58] other format. RDBMS precisely a non-triple store. element. backing or proxying possible. (I have no evidence to support this, but the gist of docs and examples suggests it as a typical use case) and serialised over Http with Atom/JSON according to Entity Data Model (EDM)[6] and Conceptual Schema Definition Language (CSDL) [11] Intent: Intent: Intent: Data syndication and web Data publishing and Google cloud data level linking : "The goal of syndication : "There is a vast publishing [55] : "The the W3C SWEO Linking amount of data available Google Data Protocol Open Data community today and data is now being provides a secure means for project is to extend the Web collected and stored at a rate external developers to write with a data commons by never seen before. Much, if new applications that let end publishing various open data not most, of this data users access and update the sets as RDF on the Web and however is locked into data stored by many Google by setting RDF links between specific applications or products.External developers data items from different data formats and difficult to can use the Google Data sources" access or to integrate into Protocol directly, or they can new uses" use any of the supported programming languages provided by the client libraries" Protocol,operations: Protocol,operations: Protocol,operations: http, content negotiation, http, content negotiation, http,REST (PUT/POST? RDF, REST-GET. Sparql 1.1 AtomPub/JSON, REST- GET/PATCH/DELETE)[56] for update GET/PUT/POST/DELETE [9] Openness/Extensibility: Openness/Extensibility: Openness/Extensibility: Any and all,create your own Any and all (with a “legacy” Google applications and ontology/namespace/URIs Microsoft base), while reuse services only. with RDFS/OWL/SKOS/…, Microsoft classes and large opensource tooling & types,namespaces (EDM)[6] community, multiple with Atom/JSON serialisation serialisation. Large microsoft
  • 3. RDF/XML,JSON, N3, TTL, tooling and integration with … others following.[7,8] URI minting,dereferencing : URI URI minting,dereferencing Create your own URIs and minting,dereferencing : : namespaces following Unclear whether concept Atom namespace. <link guidelines (“slash vs hash”) URI and Location URI are rel=”self” [15,16] Subject, predicate and distinguished in specification …/> denotes URI object URIs must be -values can certainly be of item. ETags also used for dereferencible, content Location URIs, and IDs can versioned updates. Google negotiation expected. be URIs, but attribute Data namespace for content Separation of concept URI properties aren’t “Kinds”.[59], and location URI central. dereferencible to Location no dereferencing. URIs.Well specified URI conventions [21] Linking, matching, Linking,matching, Linking,matching, equivalence: equivalence: equivalence: External entities can Navigation properties link URIS Not dereferencable, inherently be directly linked entity elements within a linkage outside of google not by reference, and equivalence single OData materialisation possible. is possible with owl:sameAs, -external linkage not owl:seeAlso (and other possible. Dereferencable equivalence assertions) attribute properties not possible but proposed[10]. Namespace handling, Namespace handling, Namespace handling, vocabularies: vocabularies: vocabularies: Declare namespaces as Namespaces supported in AtomPub and Google Data required when importing EDM but unclear if possible namespace only. public or “well known” to create and use ontologies/vocabularies, namespace,or if it can be creating SPARQL queries, backed with a custom short hand URIs,create new class/property definition as required for your own (ontology). $metadata seems custom classes, instances. to separate logically and physically type and service metadata from instance data – ie oData doesn’t “eat its own dog food”. Content negotiation: Content negotiation: Content negotiation: Client and server negotiate Client specifies or server Use alt query param (accept- content to best determination. fails, or default to Atom header not used)[57] [17,18] representation.[19]. Only XML serialisation for service metadata.[40]. New mime- types introduced. Query capability : Query capability : Query capability : Dereferencibility central Proposed dereferencible Query by
  • 4. principle to linked data, URIs with special $metadata author,category,fields. whether in document, local path element allow type endpoint or federated. metadata to be retrieved [10]. SPARQL [14] query language Running a structured query allows suitably equipped against an OData service endpoints to service with something like structured query requests and SPARQL isn’t possible. return serialised RDF, json, csv, html, … Security, privacy, Security, privacy, Security, privacy, provenance: provenance: provenance: No additional specifications No additional specifications Http wire protocols, but in above that supplied in above that mandated in addition authentication web/http architecture. CORS http/atom/json.[23, 31] (OpenID) and authorization becoming popular as access CORS use possible for cross are required(OAuth). filter method for cross-site site syndication. “ClientLogin&#8221 syndication capability at Dallas/Azure Datamarket for ; and AuthSub are client level. Server side “trusted commercial and deprecated. [60]. No access control. Standards for premium public domain provenance handling. Provenance and privacy data”.[26] planned and under development[24]. W3C XG provenance group[25] Sources: http://uoccou.wordpress.com/2011/02/17/linked-data-odata-gdata-datarss-comparison-matrix/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GData http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-rdf-concepts-20031215/ References: [1] http://www.w3.org/wiki/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData [2] http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html [3] http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch [4] http://www.microsoft.com/interop/osp/default.mspx [5] http://www.w3.org/QA/2010/03/microsoft_bring_odata_to_a_w3c.html [6] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#EntityDataModel [7] http://www.odata.org/producers [8] http://www.odata.org/consumers [9] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations
  • 5. [10] http://www.odata.org/blog/2010/4/22/queryable-odata-metadata [11] http://www.odata.org/media/16348/%5Bmc-csdl%5D.pdf [12] http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-direct-semantics-20091027/ [13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_logic [14] http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ [15] http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/ [16] http://www.w3.org/wiki/DereferenceURI [17] http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/#def-coneg [18] http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/#implementation [19] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations#RepresentationFormatsAndContentTypeNeg otiation [20] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/batch [21] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/uri-conventions [22] http://code.google.com/p/void-impl/ [23] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#SecurityConsiderations [24] http://lod2.eu/Welcome.html [25] http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/Relevant_Technologies [26] https://datamarket.azure.com/ [27] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_world_assumption [28] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_world_assumption [29] http://www.odata.org/media/16343/%5Bmc-edmx%5D.pdf [30] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations#InvokingServiceOperations [31] http://blogs.msdn.com/astoriateam/archive/2010/05/10/odata-and-authentication-part-1.aspx [32] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#ServiceMetadataDocument [33] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#ProtocolVersioning [34] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/overview#AbstractTypeSystem [35] http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2 [36] http://ckan.net/ [37] http://www.w3.org/wiki/SemanticWebTools#head- 805c63479c854babe4657d5184de605910f6d3e2 [38] http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ [39] http://www.odata.org/developers/articles [40] http://www.odata.org/developers/protocols/operations#Retrievingthemetadatadocument [41] http://www.odata.org/blog/2010/8/6/enhancing-odata-support-for-querying-derived-types— revisited [42] http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-sparql11-update-20091022/
  • 6. [43] http://www.swsi.org/ [44] http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/ [45] http://www.serviceweb30.eu/cms/ [46] http://www.w3.org/Submission/WSDL-S/ [47] http://webofdata.wordpress.com/2010/04/14/oh-it-is-data-on-the-web/ [48] http://blog.jonudell.net/2010/01/29/odata-for-collaborative-sense-making/ [49] http://www.powerpivot.com/ [50] http://sqlblog.com/blogs/jamie_thomson/archive/2010/02/03/microsoft-odata-and-rdf.aspx [51] http://www.wsmo.org/ [52] http://void.rkbexplorer.com/ [53] http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/wssem [54] http://rapporter.ffi.no/rapporter/2010/00015.pdf [55] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/directory.html [56] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/2.0/basics.html [57] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/2.0/reference.html#QueryRequests [58] http://schemas.google.com/g/2005 [59] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/2.0/elements.html [60] http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/gdata/docs/auth/overview.html And, further updates on difference between questions and answers, please visit my blog @ http://onlydifferencefaqs.blogspot.in/