2.  War Period 1992-1995 / Current population estimate 3.5 – 4 mil. people
 Administrative set-up:
› State level
› 2 Entities and District Brcko:
Federation of BiH + Republika Srpska + District Brcko
(decentralised) (centralised) (under State jurisdiction,
formally protectorate of IC)
› 10 Cantons Municipalities DB doubles as municipality
› Municipalities
 Consensus decision making – either with three parties or 14
 Three statistical offices (1 state and 2 entity level), data usually
aggregated and presented at state, entity and DB level only
 Last Population Census in 1991 – Law on Census 2011 not passed
 EU Accession most important process – BiH not yet a candidate country

3.  EU Regional Policy – Implemented through structural funds - The
European Fund for Regional Development (EFRD), European Social Fund
(ESF) , Cohesion Fund contribute to three objectives:
› Supporting Development in the Less Prosperous Regions
› Regional Competitiveness and Employment
› European Territorial Cooperation
 In the period 2007-2013, cohesion policy will benefit from 35.7% of the
total EU budget or 347.41 billion EUR aimed at Member States whose
Gross National Income (GNI) per inhabitant is less than 90% of the
Community average (all non EU-15 member states + Spain)
 Europe is divided into various groups of regions corresponding to the
classification known by the acronym NUTS (for collection of
statistics, analysis, framing of EU policies)
 Key EU research – European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) and Regional
Disparity Analysis - Perspective 2020 (2009)

5.  A useful innovation and addition to the existing resources and statistical
findings and a user-friendly reference for all those who wish to find as
much information as possible in one place, especially at sub-entity
administrative level
 official data in one place for 17 different territorial units/regions and
142 municipalities.
 43 different sets of inputs encompassing
economic, poverty, social, infrastructural and other parameters.
 19 indicators used for regional ranking and 5 indicators for municipal
ranking
 Key summary section and analysis of findings on a regional level in the 7
distinct areas: Demography; Education; Access to Utilities
(Electricity, Water and Sewerage); Quality of Life, Standard of
Living, Transport Infrastructure and Health; Employment; Economic
Disparity, Income and Poverty and Social Inclusion and Vulnerable Groups

6. Indicators used for regional ranking Indicators used for municipal ranking
Employment rate (%) Net salary (Ø 2008)
Unemployment rate (%) Employment rate
GDP per capita (KM) Unemployment rate
Salary -monthly average (KM) Total number of students in all levels of
Average expenditure (KM) (Consumer Basket Cost) education per 1000 people
Poverty rate (%) Number of population to one doctor
Number of doctors per 1000 people
Total number of students per 1000 people
Number of registered travel cars per 1000 people
Percentage of households with sewerage system
Share of 4 member HHs without any income (%)
Share of 4 member HHs with only one income source (%)
Share of 4 member HHs with two or more income source (%)
Number of hospital beds per 1000 people
Number of displaced persons per 1000 people
Poverty gap (%)
Percentage of households with potable water
ILO Employment rate (%)
ILO Unemployment rate (%)

7.  Combining the findings of two largest household surveys – Household
Budget Survey (HBS) 2007 (n=7468) and Labour Force Survey (LFS) 2008
(n=9261) conducted by statistical institutions in BiH; and administrative
data
 Access to electronic HBS and LFS databases secured through MoU
between BHAS and UNDP
 Team and timeframe: Edin Sabanovic (BHAS Statistician), Nedim Catovic
(UNDP), Envesa Hodzic-Kovac (RCO) and Nicola Nixon (UNDP) – Phase 2
took place in the period May-June 2010
 Purpose of the assessment multi-fold – for planning, more accurate
targeting, further research and assessment, advocacy and fundraising

8.  The five best ranked regions are Sarajevo Canton, Hercegovina-Neretva
canton, Istočno Sarajevo region, Banja Luka region and Zenica-Doboj canton.
 Five worst ranked regions are Canton 10, Una-Sana Canton, Bosnian
Podrinje Canton, Posavina Canton and Bijeljina region.
 While the regional ranking does not come as a surprise, this report highlights
the level of disparities, which is considerable
 The report offers ranking of regions, ranking of municipalities within each
region and overall municipalities ranking, highlighting extremely
underdeveloped (34) and underdeveloped municipalities (55)
 89 municipalities in total or 62% are underdeveloped or extremely
underdeveloped
 Sometimes municipalities alone are both too small and too diverse to
constitute useful units of measurement. Differences in municipal population
are enormous. The estimated population of East Drvar of 110 residents or of
Petrovac of 259, while Sarajevo municipality has a reported population of
304,614 citizens and Banja Luka municipality has 223,641.

9. REGIONAL DISPARITIES MUNICIPAL DISPARITIES

10. GENERAL DEVELOPMENT AND LIVING STANDARDS PER TERRITORIAL UNIT IN BiH - INDICATORS
INDICATORS
Number of displaced persons
Share of 4 member HHs with
Share of 4 member HHs with
Number of hospital beds per
two or more income sources
ILO Unemployment rate (%)
Average expenditure (BAM)
Number of registered travel
only one income source (%)
Total number of students
Percentage of households
Percentage of households
ILO Employment rate (%)
Salary -monthly average
Unemployment rate (%)
without any income (%)
(Consumer Basket Cost)
Share of 4 member HHs
GDP per capita (BAM)
Employment rate (%)
cars per 1000 people
with sewage system
with potable water
Number of doctors
Areas
per 1000 people
per 1000 people
per 1000 people
Poverty rate (%)
Poverty gap (%)
1000 people
(BAM)
(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
BIH 21.9 40.6 6,429 752 1,655 18.2 1.5 160 185 47.7 1.6 34.3 64.1 3.5 32 26.2 94.1 33.6 23.4
FBiH 22.6 44.0 6,718 751 1,777 17.0 1.6 174 192 55.3 2.0 32.5 65.5 3.5 24 25.2 96.9 31.8 25.0
Una-Sana 15.0 51.2 4,060 686 1,719 19.5 1.0 165 146 45.2 9.1 40.1 50.8 2.6 15 25.3 97.2 26.8 27.7
Posavina 15.5 50.3 4,274 656 1,822 11.7 1.2 144 176 8.1 7.5 38.7 53.8 2.3 14 23.2 96.4 34.0 20.0
Tuzla 20.4 50.8 5,802 707 1,459 26.5 1.7 173 182 50.2 1.1 41.6 57.3 2.9 39 28.1 95.6 33.0 23.4
Zenica-Doboj 22.6 45.6 5,588 621 1,483 23.5 1.2 173 167 60.3 1.7 32.0 66.3 2.6 12 24.0 98.7 35.5 23.5
Bosnian-Podrinje 16.8 46.6 4,238 599 1,350 29.2 1.1 141 145 68.9 0.0 27.4 72.6 2.2 106 39.4 95.3 34.5 25.5
Central Bosnia 18.5 49.0 4,445 608 1,739 15.3 1.1 173 168 46.0 0.9 34.4 64.7 5.1 31 21.8 99.2 26.1 38.8
Neretva 22.5 40.9 7,592 822 2,242 9.9 2.0 174 234 38.7 0.0 25.6 74.4 3.9 21 19.2 94.0 38.9 16.7
West Herzegovina 19.6 39.9 4,860 616 1,880 7.5 0.8 190 263 14.7 0.0 68.6 31.4 0.0 2 18.8 97.4 28.7 21.7
Sarajevo 33.7 34.5 13,024 941 2,207 5.2 2.8 186 253 92.9 0.9 16.3 82.8 5.7 22 21.4 99.2 31.4 24.6
Canton 10 13.8 46.7 3,953 676 1,492 19.6 1.0 121 147 25.0 0.0 28.6 71.4 1.1 20 30.1 79.9 20.4 33.6
RS 20.6 33.9 5,906 755 1,463 20.1 1.4 138 166 33.8 0.6 37.9 61.5 3.4 47 27.5 89.6 37.3 20.5
Banja Luka 22.7 30.0 6,659 773 1,526 19.5 1.6 139 175 40.0 0.0 41.0 59.0 4.4 32 31.3 91.2 33.8 22.0
Bijeljina 17.2 39.3 4,899 749 1,431 18.7 1.0 129 160 18.7 1.8 41.6 56.6 1.7 57 26.1 89.5 41.5 18.4
Doboj 17.2 37.4 4,255 646 1,411 20.2 1.1 121 158 29.6 0.0 30.0 70.0 2.7 52 26.3 88.2 43.1 14.7
East Sarajevo 22.0 34.5 6,672 782 1,590 17.3 1.5 133 160 33.1 0.0 13.8 86,2 3.6 57 20.0 92.8 42.7 17.0
Foca 17.9 42.2 5,667 810 1,086 37.0 2.4 116 121 62.5 0.0 45.5 54.5 5.1 63 23.4 98.9 29.9 26.7
Trebinje 24.9 34.6 6,846 740 1,367 22.9 1.6 151 178 36.9 3.7 47.5 48.7 2.5 91 20.3 73.6 31.9 34.8
DB 25.5 42.3 7,681 730 1,395 25.8 1.5 163 268 57.3 1.5 42.4 56.1 3.8 15 26.2 88.9 25.1 31.9
*The data displayed in this table is a compilation of the most relevant findings presented in the rest of the document which contains refference to the
sources of information.

11. GENERAL DEVELOPMENT AND LIVING STANDARD PER REGIONS IN BIH – INDICATOR RANK
REGION RANK BY INDICATORS
Number of displaced persons
with potable water available
Share of 4 member HHs with
Share of 4 member HHs with
Number of hospital beds per
two or more income sources
ILO Unemployment rate (%)
Average expenditure (BAM)
Number of registered travel
without any income source
only one income source (%)
possessing sewage system
Total number of students
Percentage of households
Percentage of households
Unemployment rate (%)
ILO Employment rate (%)
Salary -monthly average
(Consumer Basket Cost)
Share of 4 member HHs
GDP per capita (BAM)
Employment rate (%)
cars per 1000 people
Number of doctors
Areas
per 1000 people
per 1000 people
per 1000 people
Poverty rate (%)
Poverty gap (%)
1000 people
(BAM)
(%)
(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Una-Sana 16 17 16 10 6 9 16 7 15 8 17 10 15 11 13 10 6 14 13
Posavina 15 15 13 12 4 4 10 10 7 17 16 9 14 13 15 7 7 7 5
Tuzla 8 16 7 9 11 15 4 5 5 6 11 12.5 10 8 7 14 8 9 8
Zenica-Doboj 5 11 9 14 10 13 9 6 10 4 13 7 7 10 16 9 4 5 9
Bosnian-Podrinje 14 12 15 17 16 16 12 11 16 2 4.5 4 4 14 1 17 9 6 11
Central Bosnia 10 14 12 16 5 5 11 5 9 7 9.5 8 8 2 9 6 1.5 16 17
Neretva 6 8 3 2 1 3 3 3 4 10 4.5 3 3 5 11 2 10 4 2
West Herzegovina 9 7 11 15 3 2 17 1 2 16 4.5 17 17 17 17 1 5 13 6
Sarajevo 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 9.5 2 2 1 10 5 1.5 11 10
Canton 10 17 13 17 11 9 10 15 15 14 14 4.5 5 5 16 12 15 16 17 15
Banja Luka 4 1 6 5 8 9 5 12 8 9 4.5 11 9 4 8 16 12 8 7
Bijeljina 12 6 10 6 12 7 14 14 12 15 14 12.5 11 15 5 11 13 3 4
Doboj 13 4 14 13 13 11 13 16 13 13 45 6 6 9 6 13 15 1 1
East Sarajevo 7 5 5 4 7 6 8 13 12 12 4.5 1 1 7 4 3 11 2 3
Foca 11 9 8 3 17 17 2 17 17 3 4.5 15 13 3 3 8 3 12 12
Trebinje 3 3 4 7 15 12 6 9 6 11 15 16 16 12 2 4 17 10 16
Brčko District 2 10 2 8 14 14 7 8 1 5 12 14 12 6 14 12 14 15 14

12. DEMOGRAPHY
 Most densely populated regions are Sarajevo Canton (330
inhabitants per km2) and Brčko District (188 inhabitants per km2)
and the least Canton 10 and Foča region with only 16 and 17
inhabitants per km2.
 Population of Brčko District and FBiH is younger than the RS (the
share of 0-14 year old population in total population is 20.1% and
18.5% vs 17% respectively, and the share of 65+ year old
population in total population is 14.5% ,13.7% and 17.2%).

13. EDUCATION
 The highest value of the attendance indicator in Western-Hercegovina
and Sarajevo Cantons (190 and 186, respectively). The smallest values are
in Foča, Doboj region and Canton 10 (116, 121 and 121, respectively).
 The country average of current tertiary students is 2.73% of overall
population, disparities at regional level are considerable with Canton
Sarajevo 4.71% (19,854 students) vs. Canton 10 with 0.97% (791
students)
 95% of unemployed staff in BiH have no education at all or no more
than high school diploma. This is a clear indicator that the market within
the country is saturated with low-skilled workforce.
 BiH average of unemployed by education level is at 22.6% with primary
and 70.3% secondary education; worst situation in this respect is at
Posavski Canton with 62.4% with primary and 37.6% with secondary
education, followed by Foca region with 37.5% and 59.1% respectively

14. ACCESS TO UTILITIES
 the percentage of households with access to electric power and water
in BiH as whole is high with very low varibility; it is almost consistent in
all 17 territorial units.
 Considerable problem is sewage collection. Most of the territorial units
have unstisfactory level of access to this services. The best situation is in
Sarajevo and Bosnia-Podrinje cantons (92,9% and 68,9%, respectively)
and the worst is in Posavina and Western-Hercegovina cantons (8,1%
and 14,7%, respectively).
 Private houses are rarely connected to public sewerage systems in
comparison with multifamily residential buildings. Percentage of private
houses in Posavina and Western-Hercegovina cantons are considerable
(98.8% and 81.1%, respectively) in comparison to the share of
multifamily buildings were the highest in Sarajevo Canton and Foča
region (44.5% and 37.1%, respectively).

15. QUALITY OF LIFE, STANDARD OF LIVING, HEALTH SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
 The average value of the Consumer Basket Cost in BiH in 2008 was estimated to
1,655.49 KM/four-member-household/month. The households In FBiH spend
significantly more (1,776.75 KM) than those in RS (1,462.54 KM) and BD (1,394.94
KM). From the perspective of 17 territorial units, the highest consumption
expenditure is present in Hercegovina-Neretva (2,241.83 KM) and Sarajevo Canton
(2,207.39 KM), while the lowest consumption levels were registered in Foča region
(1086.15 KM) and Bosnian-Podrinje Canton (1,349.85 KM).
 The longest roads are in Sarajevo and Western-Hercegovina Cantons (0.8 and 0.7
km/km2) and the shortest in BD and Canton 10 (0.1 and 0.2 km/km2). In FBiH
there are more cars per 1000 inhabitants than in RS (192 and 166 respectively) while
the state average is 185 cars/1000 inhabitants. Statistics for BD (286) is the highest
while the lowest values are registered in Foča region (121) and in Bosnian-Podrinje
and Posavina Canton (145 and 146). The discrepancy betwen this two indicators is
evident in BD showing that it is the region with worst road infrastructure which is
most frequently used by highest number of cars per 1000 inhabitants.

16. QUALITY OF LIFE, STANDARD OF LIVING, HEALTH SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
 In BiH there are is an average of 649 inhabitants per one doctor. According
to EU statistics this ratio in EU zone varies between 250/1 and 465/1.
Although the situation in FBiH is better than in RS (618 and 706,
respectively) it is still below the EU standards. However, among the 17
territorial units Sarajevo Canton is well within these standards (360) while
the worst situation is in Western-Hercegovina and Una-Sana cantons
where the situation is alrming (1299 and 1040).
 In terms of beds per 1000 inhabitants BiH average is 3.5. Sarajevo Canton
(5.7) is better than the EU average (5.9). The lowest values are recorded in
Canton 10 and Bijeljina region (1.1 and 1.7).

17. EMPLOYMENT
 The real comparison among territorial units could be done by producing
three indicators: registered activity of labor force, employment and
unemployment rates.
 The smallest numbers of active and employed population are in Bosnia-
Podrinje (8,942 and 4,778) and Posavina, largest are in Banja Luka region
(185,967 and 130,242) and Sarajevo Canton (180,893 and 118,418). Sarajevo
Canton and Brčko District are the most active (51.5 and 44.2), while Canton 10
and Doboj region are lagging behind (25.8 and 27.5).
 The highest employment rates are in Sarajevo Canton and Brčko District (33.7%
and 25.5%,) while the smallest are in Canton 10 and Una-Sana Canton (13.8%
and 15.0%). Highest registered unemployment rates are Una-Sana, Tuzla and
Posavina Canton (51.2%, 50.8% and 50.3%, respectively) while the regions with
least number of unemployed are Banja Luka, Sarajevo Canton and Istočno
Sarajevo (30.0%, 34.5% and 34.5%, respectively).

18. EMPLOYMENT
 ILO - the unemployment rate in BiH in 2008 was 23.4% which is one of
highest in the Western Balkan region. The worst situation is in Central
Bosnia Canton and Trebinje region (38.8% and 34.8%) while the most
positive is in Doboj region and Hercegovina-Neretva Canton (14.7% and
16.7%).
 Also, evident is important discrepancy between employed and
unemployed people by gender. In some regions, such as Tuzla and
Bijeljina, the difference reaches almost 50%.

19. ECONOMIC DISPARITY, INCOME AND POVERTY
 In 2008, the average monthly net salary in BiH was 752 KM with almost no
difference between entities (FBiH: 751 KM, RS: 755 KM). The highest average
salaries were in Sarajevo Canton (941 KM) with Hercegovina-Neretva Canton
(822 KM).
 The lowest average salaries appear in Bosnian-Podrinje (599 KM) and Central
Bosnia (608) Cantons. Foča region exhibit very low employment (15th rank), at
the same time it has the third highest average salary rate (810 KM).
 In 2008 the total GDP in BiH was about 25 billion KM. The contribution of FBiH
in GDP was 63.3% vs. 34.4% for RS and 2.4% for BD. Considering discrepancies
in the size of population among regions the GDP per capita needs to be
introduced as an adequate of measuring regional economic disparity. This
indicator shows the highest value in Sarajevo Canton (13,024 KM,) Brčko
District (7,681 KM) and Hercegovina-Neretva Canton (7,592 KM) and the
lowest in Canton 10 (3,953 KM) and Una-Sana Canton (4,060 KM). The
difference between the highest and the lowest level is more than triple.

20. ECONOMIC DISPARITY, INCOME AND POVERTY
 1.6% of four-member-households in BiH live without any income. The proportion is
higher in FBiH (2.0%) than in RS (0.6%) and the highest is in Una-Sana and Posavina
cantons (9.1% and 7.5%), while 8 out of 17 regions show zero percent of these
houseolds.
 More than one third (34.3%) of four-member-household in the country have only
one source of income. These types of the households are the most present in
Western-Hercegovina Canton and Trebinje region (68.6% and 47.5%) and the least
in Istočno sarajevo region and Sarajevo Canton (13.8% and 16.3%). Almost two
thirds (64.1%) of households in BiH have two or more income sources. The highest
percentages are in Istočno Sarajevo region and Sarajevo canton (86.2% and
82.8%), while the lowest are in Western Hercegovina canton and Trebinje region
(31.4% and 48.7%).
 The poorest regions are Foča region and Bosna-Podrinje canton (37.0% and
29.2%), while the least poor are Sarajevo and Western-Hercegovina Cantons (5.2%
and 7.5%).