Experience in the preparation of transport infrastructure and transportation services of international sports events. manelli 20130923

Mobilitysolutions
Experience in the preparation of transport
infrastructure and transportation services of
international sports events
Project UNDP/GEF-MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 00080462
«reducing GHG-Emissions from road transport in Russia’s medium-sized cities»
Eng. Stefano Manelli – CEO CITEC Italy
IOC and UEFA Transport Advisor

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International Conference « Optimisation of transport solutions for national and international mass action to reduce GHG-Emissions from road transport Moscow, September 23rd, 2013
Speaker: Stefano Manelli
 Transport Engineer from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne
(Switzerland) and Torino (Italy)
 IOC Transport Advisor and member of the IOC Evaluation Commission
 Director CITEC Mobility Solution – Transport planning consulting firm
 Lecturer at HES-SO Technical University in Geneva
 UEFA Transport advisor and manager for Euro 2008, 2012 and 2016
 Torino 2006 transport operations manager
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Introduction
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Warnings…
 Global and Olympic Transport and their relations with City development and the
environment are the main themes of this presentation
 However important in Games organization, transport is only one of the 34
Olympic Games functions
 However important Olympic transport projects can be, they remain minimal
(even in Rio) in relation to the whole Host City Transport System
 There is a lack of reliable and affordable quantitaive methods to measure impacts
of localized projects on a whole metropolitan system. «quantitative» sustainability
assessment remains elusive
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Events as catalysts…
 This presentation highlights the critical role of transport logistics and mobility
management in the success delivery of world sport events
 Only robust and high performance public transport systems can deliver
very heavy mega-event traffic loads concentrated in time and space
 Mega-events are the best possible catalysts for innovative high capacity
public transport developments targeter to a fixed «prestige opening deadline»
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Olympic sustainability – Copenhagen 2009
«The Olympic Movement fully embraces the importance of embedding
the key values of environmental protection, development and
sustainability within the Olympic ideals»
«As part of this commitment [...] the IOC should accelerate the
integration of sustainability principles in the hosting of the Olympic
Games […] to safeguard their status as a premier event»
XIII Olympic Congress recommendation N°19
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Summary of the presentation
1. Definition, types and key figures of Mega Events
2. Approach to transport infrastructure and services preparation
3. Key milestones in the most recent Olympic Games transport
plans
4. Football events: preparation of UEFA Euro 2012
5. Conclusions
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Definition, types and key
figures of Mega Events
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Definition of a Mega Event

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A mega event “implies major changes in City logistics and transport organization
of the Host City”
Four key elements makes the complexity of these events:
National and International scale
Significant share of foreign guests, officials, VIP, sponsor, fans and spectators
Much higher air + ground transport, accommodation, security and Host City hospitality
requirements
World media coverage with extremely high quality requirements
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Definition of a Mega Event

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Demand of a Mega Event

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Mega events could be:
Mono city and mono venue  UEFA Champions League Final
Mono city and multiple venue  Summer Olympic Games
Multiple city and mono venue  FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro Cup
Multiple city and multiple venue  Winter Olympic Games
Events could be hosted and be influenced by weather conditions (ski venues, sailing, etc.)
or be hosted in a hall or a covered venue with limited impact from weather conditions.
[…]
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Types Mega Event

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Target groups and level of service
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Athletes and Team Officials
Workforce
(Volunteers, Staff, Contractors)
Olympic Broadcast Organisation
Rightsholding Broadcasters
International Olympic Committee
National Olympic Committees
International Federations
Marketing Partners
Spectators
Technical Delegates
Press
Residents and Local Business
General Public
Participants:
LEVEL OF SERVICE / REQUIREMENTS
Spectators and general public:
CAPACITY / TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

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Events growth: the case of Olympic Games
Both Summer and Winter Games grew tremendously in the last 25 years in all key
areas: participating countries, female share, sport disciplines, athletes and team
officials, technical officials, logistical requirements, new communication and medias,
higher levels of service for ever more numerous client-groups.
Key parameters presented for:
Winter Olympic Games long term (since 1924) and medium term (Sarajevo 1984 to
Sochi 2014)
Summer Olympic Games long term (since 1986) and medium term (Los Angeles
1984 to Beijing 2008)
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Winter Olympic Games growth
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Summer Olympic Games growth
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Event growth impact on transport
Mega-event growth has considerable impacts on transport, travel demands, logistical
organization and operational costs of the Games
Increased travel and mobility demands resulting from Olympic growth are related to:
Longer Olympic travel distances (larger Olympic perimeter)
Larger client numbers and users groups (participants)
More numerous venues of larger capacity (spectators)
Higher levels of service in terms of quantity, quality and security of services
Increased Games complexity and extended travel demands (24h/24h)
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Transport impacts
 The massive temporary traffic overloads generated by events such as the
Olympic Games cannot be accommodated on most often congested City transport
networks
 As shown by all Games since Sydney 2000, Olympic and global mobility cannot
succeed other than being more than 95% by public transport
 In other words: logistical transport requirements of world mega-events on Cities
are such that only Cities with very strong high performance public transport
systems can succeed in hosting mega-events such as the Olympics
 After a successful bid, winning Host Cities have (only) 7 years to deliver the
extended and upgraded transport system
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Transport infrastructure and
services: sustainability and
environmental aspects
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Nobody wants…
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 is often one of the outstanding reasons for “triggering” an integrated effort to win
an Olympic bid with an Olympic Games concept in tune with City long term
development vision
 is an essential tool to meet the four basic Games “transport objectives”
 if started as soon as Games are won, are a necessary condition for on time
delivery of successful Games
Transport infrastructure development

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Objective 1: Ensure safe, secure, reliable, non congested journeys for all
Olympic client groups with top priority for athlete transportation
Through a combination of:
transport infrastructure rehabilitation and extensions,
comprehensive areawide traffic and parking management measures
major shift of travel demands to strongly re-enforced public transport
temporary Games-time travel demand reductions
Transport objectives  infrastructure

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Objective 2: Maintain Host City economic, commercial, leisure and cultural activities
with as little traffic disruptions as possible
Objective 3: Ensure that the Olympic transport concept is aligned with the Olympic
overall Games concept
Objective 4: Ensure that the improved transport infrastructure and new traffic
management systems provide a lasting functional, social, economic and
environmental legacy towards more sustainable City and Metropolitan mobility
developments
Transport objectives  infrastructure

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 Accelerated solutions with a unique fixed deadline. Most world Cities face
severe transport, congestion and environmental problems. The Games do
contribute to accelerated solutions due to Games world image and a fixed event
deadline
 Allow to focus on more sustainable urban mobility developments and
regional legacies
 Infrastructures as support to mobility schemes promoting new travel
behaviours through much improved public transport services
Transport infrastructure opportunities

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From 95% car modal split  To (almost) 0% parking around venue
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Superimposed transport systems
Mega-events are a very short «happening» in the life of a City or a
Region. Two mega-event specific transport systems are temporarly
superimposed on the existing system:
Temporary dedicated priority system for Olympic Family and logistic
accredited traffic
Temporary re-enforced public transport system with bold temporary
capacity increase to cope with extraordinary strong added travel demands
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Olympic transport and traffic challenge
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 Large mega-events do not automatically improve sustainability
 Very large international football tournaments inducing terrific pressures
on City logistics are only starting to integrate environmental policies in
their planning
 IOC signed the Kyoto Protocol and requires from bidders
“exemplary” policies on environment protection and more recently
on sustainability (Copenhagen Oct. 2009)
 Games bidding is more and more oriented towards “carbon-neutral”
policies
Contribution to sustainability

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 Mega-events are overwhelmingly public transport events
 Extended public transport operational priorities for after Games
 Targeted or blanket car traffic reduction scheme experiments
 Environmentally oriented carbon neutral schemes
 Legacy oriented infrastructure investments and eco-friendly traffic
management
Transport sustainability

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 Mega-events are heavy concentrations of traffic flows in time and space
impossible to handle with private traffic means
 95-97% of mega-event venue accessibilities by public transport
 “zero” mega-event parking within 1 km radius of venues other than
accredited logistical + VIP needs
 Public transport extended to 24 hour operations to cover
all client needs especially world media coverage
 To locate the venues on high performance public transport routes
Mega events  Public transport events

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 Extraordinary heavy additional traffic loads generated by the mega-
event handled by strongly re-enforced public transport means
 Accelerated development of long delayed public transport projects
 Advanced delivery of rolling stock (high capacity bus / trolleybus /
coaches / rail) generally with higher eco-standards
 Implementation of extensive reserved lane systems for accredited
mega-event vehicles and surface public transport
Mega events  Extended public transport

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 Introduction of temporary “reserved dedicated lanes” can only
function with substantially reduced general traffic
 Last kilometer and hospitality areas around large event venues are
converted into vast pedestrian zones or “live sites” for non-ticketed
visitors
 Taking advantage or extending school holidays / construction work
ban / only night time good transport and deliveries
Mega events  Targeted car traffic reduction

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 All measures above: much higher public transport use and restricted
temporary car use lead to a more sustainable equilibrium
 Mega-events are “live laboratories” for new mobility patterns, different
travel behaviors linked to the festive atmosphere of these mega-events
 Carbon reduction scheme apply to all mega-event operations but
also, in the case of London 2012, to all mega-event construction and
rehabilitation projects
Mega events  More eco-friendly traffic

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 Too many “white elephants”, grossly oversized projects in former
prestigious mega-events including in Olympic Games
 Each mega-event major project shall have a 10 year post-mega-
event business plan / an owner and operator
 More use of “temporary assembled and disassembled structures”
for part or the full venue capacity
 The mega-event transport concept shall be coherent with
Metropolitan Transport Plans-- so only absolutely justified transport
projects are added or pre-implemented for the mega-event
Mega events  More legacy oriented infrastructure

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Last words…
“A developed country is not a place where the poor have
cars. It's where the rich use public transportation.”
[Gustavo Petro]
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Key milestones in the most
recent Olympic Games
transport plans
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Sydney 2000 transport policies
After Atlatnta 1996 embarassing transport logistical difficulties, Sydney 2000 marked
a new «era» for Olympic Transport
 100% spectators, workforce and volunteers by public transport
 24h free public transport as a part of the event for ticketed spectators + all
Olympic officials, staff, workforce, volunteers and other accredited
 Sydney Olympic Park = 77% by rail, 15% by express bus, 3% walking and only 5%
by car
 New mega-event travel behavior induced during Sydney Games
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Sydney 2000 sustainability
 Sydney 2000 could deliver excellent Olympic transport and traffic experience,
based essentially on innovative resource management
 Games were assessed as environmentally sound from the transport standpoint
 Other than a little used Olympic rail connection to former Olympic Park, Sydney
2000 Olympic games did not induce much long term transport and mobility
sustainability
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Athens 2004 Olympic lanes
Athens 2004 first Olympic Games ever to have its own Olympic traffic lane full
continuous network
 160km network of Olympic priority lanes for all Olympic accredited vehicles +
express bus lines
 Average Games bus speed increased from usual 12 to 20km/h to 55km/h at
everybody surprise!
 Road congestion – one of the biggest worry in Athens – was replaced by the
fastest road+bus traffic system ever during the Games
 These were all termporary measures, without real sustainability
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JUNE 2009 MILANO©.. 42
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Athens 2004 first Olympic lane network of
150km of directional lanes

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Athens 2004 transport sustainability
 In Athens many sport permanent infrastructures built for the Games are «sport
white elephants», with little or no use, expensive maintenance and high
dismantling costs
 Athens considerable new metropolitan transport infrastructure has not produced
any «transport white elephant»
 All 1999-2004 Athens region transport projects are long term legacy for
roadway, airway and rail public transport systems
 Athens 2004 much improved transport systems, particularly rail systems, are
a contribution to better long term mobility sustainability in Attika Region
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Athens 2004 sustainability
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Beijin 2008 massive traffic reduction
 Beijing had witnessed growth of 1’000 cars per day during 7 years // tremendous
congestion in 2007 and worries for 2008
 Very severe August (hot+wet month) air pollution cumulated with heavy
construction dust
 4 day test in August 2007 (1 year prior) with 40% car traffic reduction
 O-lane system would be ineffective without massive vehicular traffic
reduction
 2008 Games, reduction of 45-55% of all registered motor vehicles allowed
every day / odd-even licence plates during 60 days
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Beijing transport sustainability
 Beijing considerable 2002-2008 transport development program (worth more than
20 billion USD) was delivered on time for the Games
 All projects were on Beijing Municipal Master Development Plan, but were
accelerated or anticipated fof 5 to 10 years
 Transport and mobility needs were so big: no transport white elephant in
Beijing
 The Beijing Games were a major catalyst for better transport sustainability in
a context of a very fast growth and major efforts to decrease pollution
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Beijing policeman controlled arterial Olympic lane
on Tian’anmen
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London 2012
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 London profited of the biggest urban industrial waste land rehabilitation
program in Europe to create the 2012 Olympic Park
 Heathrow express and tube service were a success beyond expectations
(Media A&D procedures and more…)
 Traffic management solutions were a well design mix of coherent and
comprehensive measures, highly sophisticated, with continuous adaptation to
the competition schedule
 25% of traffic reduction during the Games acheived

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The train as fastest and most effective way to connect the world to London
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1 London 2012 Organising Committee for the first time in history of modern Olympics used the
train for Olympic guests’ Arrival and Departure as connection between the airport and the
city centre.
More than 20’000 Media arriving to London were loaded on the Heathrow Express from
Heathow Airport to London Paddington Station with a 15 minutes trip.
Upon their arrival at Paddington they were provided with a dedicated shuttle service to their
accommodation.
Thanks to the agreement between the OCOG and the Heathrow Express Company
accredited Clients could travel for free
Travel time
Heathrow Airport – central London:
By train 15min
By car/bus 45min to 1h30
depending on traffic conditions

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London 2012 legacy plan: Stratford Queen Elisabeth Olympic Park
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1 Thanks to the Games, years of investment turned this once neglected area into a spectacular
stage for the greatest sporting event on earth, but the attention hasn’t ended once the Games
were over.
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is set to become London’s leading destination for leisure, life
and business; a model of modern, sustainable urban regeneration, attracting an estimated
9.3 million visitors each year.
Social and recreational spaces
Urban park and green
Five new residential neighbourhoods
Business and commercial district
Sport and leisure
Work to transform the park is
now under way and an new area
of entertainment, sport,
recreation, commerce and
community will be created.

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Stratford Queen Elisabeth Olympic Park: before, during and after the Olympic Games
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before

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during

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after

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Rio 2016 legacy promotion
 Rio 2016 strategic option n°1 is the build-up of a full high performance RIO public
transport ring interconnecting all four City quadrants
 The concept of «interlinked four zones» is materialized by a mixed program of
public transport projects with suburban rail rehabilitation, metro capacity upgrade,
metro extension and 75km of high capacity BRT-Bus Rapid Transit
 This boldest public transport development in Rio history shall be fully
delivered in 6 years
 The high performance transport ring will help connect areas of very diverse
socio-economic and urban characteristics
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Rio 2016 legacy promotion
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… towards Tokyo 2020
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 Revitalization of a series of man-made island in the Tokyo Bay, with potential high
urban value
 Venues located in proximity to existing performing public transport and rail public
transport in particular
 Long term Tokyo 2020 transport plan with traffic reduction in city centre, thanks to
completion of city road ring. Expected 30% traffic reduction in the city centre
 Traffic management measures for city centre access control, to be used for the
Games to enforce Olympic Lanes and Routes

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… towards Tokyo 2020
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Footbal Events: preparation of
UEFA Euro 2012
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 Extraordinary short-term travel patterns for Football event related
participants and spectators
 High pressure on long-distance transport infrastructures such as
airports and railways
 With 8-10 Host Cities, but 1 single venue per Host City, extremely
temporary solutions are often the most preferred option in the Host
City
 Live sites and fan zones could attract 5-10 times more (local)
spectators (without ticket) than the Stadia
Seoul - Initial Transport Briefing - May 2013
Football Mega-events  Even more pressure on transport

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Mega Event transport integration – EURO2012
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General datas
Two countries – Ukraine and Poland
31 Matches in 8 Host Cities
16 National Teams
1.4 mln. tickets
Scales of analysis
International accessibility and demand
Intercity transport and accessibility
Host City mobility plan
Venue last kilometre transport

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National/International accessibility and transport planning
Airports:
Huge pressure on airports on Match days, in particular for Knock-out
stage and final
Development on long term
New procedures and operational plans
Slot coordination
Night flight restrictions
Railways:
In countries such as Russia train is traditional main carrier
Promote the train for the national and intercity travellers
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 Assessment of exisisting situation in terms of infrastructure and
services
 Analysis of the multimodal expected transport demand, based on
Event owner’s requirements
 Gap analysis and confirmation of the need for new or temporary
infrastructures
New infrastructures are only motivated when a long-term plan with
post-event legacy can be proved.
 Realistic development plan with clear budget and timelines
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National/International accessibility and transport planning

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Airports
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 Temporary new passenger handling procedures (fast lanes for charter flights
and dedicated "EURO lanes" for UEFA target groups), airport customers were
highly satisfied with the services provided. Immigration and customs authorities
adopted as well their procedures to ease and speed up in- and outbound controls.
 A very good cooperation with National Air Authorities had been established:
night flight bans were lifted whenever necessary in Poland, in both countries the
slot coordination scheme has been applied temporarily and in Ukraine the APIS
(Advanced Passenger Information System) was used to exchange information
between airlines and the border control services
 Eight out of nine airports got new terminals and six airports put new or
extended runways into operations; all airports coped very well with high match
day peaks and handled three to four times more runway movements compared to
regular daily operations.

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Airports – observed increase of passengers flows
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Airport Flights 2012 (in+out) Passengers 2012 (in+out) Comparison on same period 2012/ 2011
Warsaw 17’100 1’077’850 +17%
Gdansk 5’400 348’900 +45%
Poznan 3’100 200’100 +28%
Wroclaw 3’860 283’100 +40%
Kyiv-Boryspil 11’800 989’000 +14%
Donetsk 2’500 122’000 +60%
Kharkiv 750 53’000 +150%
Lviv 840 45’000 +200%

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Kharkiv airport during a match day
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Kharkiv airport temporary terminal during a match day
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Host City transport and mobility plan
The Host City shall be in charge of:
Public transport and traffic management concept with «high quality
transport system» linking major sites at Host City level
Enhance and extend public transport operations to 24h for match
days
Promote special transport fares and arrangements for spectators,
guests and organizers (free transport)
Provide information and guidance to spectators and visitors

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Host City transport and mobility plan

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Last km accessibility and Venue management
The event will take place in the stadium:
The Venue management is under the Organiser jurisdiction
Input on the stadium/venue surroundings come from the Organiser
Coordination and clear definition of responsibilities on the stadium/venue
is crucial between the Host City and the Organiser

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Traffic perimeter map
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Main actions for UEFA Euro 2012
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 Each Host City strongly re-enforced and extended its own public transport
services for the period of EURO 2012. Extra shuttle busses and trams were added
on the connections between airport, stadium, city centre and fan zone.
 Urban rail transport played a key role for stadium accessibility, as well. In
Warsaw for example all main sites (Airport – Fan Zone – National Stadium) were
connected by a newly renovated and extended continuous railway line, which was a
huge success. Ukrainian Railways introduced new high-speed trains linking the four
Host Cities on a daily basis during the Tournament.
 “Free Transport” for match-ticket holders and accredited staff has been
introduced and confirmed to be a big success again, and a great occasion of
promoting public transport and the event itself.
 Temporary traffic and pedestrian signage had been produced and installed to
guide Tournament visitors: more than 10’000 signs and stickers overall.

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Main actions for UEFA Euro 2012 (2)
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 Pedestrian accessibility to stadia confirmed the positive experiences from
previous tournaments.
 The introduction of traffic perimeter and activities related proved very useful.
Traffic perimeter operational maps developed were an excellent tool for operational
planning and for fine tune of operations of all projects, to avoid incoherencies and
conflicts in the vicinities of stadia.

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Last km accessibility and venue management
Phisical separation between vehicle and pedestrian flows on the access way
to the Stadium in Kyiv

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Team Bus holding areas in Kyiv

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Pedestrian access to the Warsaw Stadium

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Spectators by train to the Warsaw Stadium on the opening match day
©PhotoManelli_2012©PhotoManelli_2012

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Spectators on their way to the Stadium in Warsaw for the opening match
©PhotoManelli_2012

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Towards Russia FIFA World Cup 2018
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Conclusions
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What contribution to sustainability
 World fierce competition between Cities to get the Olympic Games triggers a
«race» for best possible Games transport systems and traffic management
concepts
 Massive Olympic use of public transport systems, improved and expanded
during the 7 years Games preparation period, becomes an indispensable
landmark of successful Summer Oilympic Games organized in Cities of more than
4 million population
 Olympic transport projects are most often part of the Host City Master Plan
Agenda and can be considered as Games accelerated transport projects
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What sustainability assessment
 Most recent events showed the excellent combination of long-term urban and
transport development programmes oriented to more sustainable and
environmental friendly transport systems with bold temporary traffic and
demand management solutions, to maximise existing capacity, to accelerate and
expand existing public transport services
 Host Cities investing in high performance public transport systems in support
of the Games are investing in long term more «sustainable» transport and
mobility patters, with strong contribution to environmental improvement.
 In the transport sector, the major beneficiary of Olympic sustainability
promotional policies is Public Transport and rail transport projects in
particular
 Summer Games transport long term contributions to sustainability appear
tangible.
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What sustainability assessment (2)
 Summer Games transport long term contributions to sustainability appear
tangible.
 Winter Games transport sustainability remains open to question. It depends
largely on the structural and institutional City-Region setup and technical
characteristics of the City-Mountain transport system.
 Football Events transport long term contribution to sustainability is still
questionable. Bidding process and environmental quality requirements from the
Event owner’s side still have to change.
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Sometimes elephants… but NO WHITE ELEPHANTS!
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Thank you!
Спасибо!
Obrigado!
감사 !
感謝 !
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mobility solutions
Citec Ingénieurs Conseils SA
47, route des Acacias
Case postale 1711
CH-1211 Genève 26
Tél +41 (0)22 809 60 00 ■
e-mail: citec@citec.ch ■
www.citec.ch ■

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