Urban Permaculture Institute on Aquaculture

1. Aquaculture Urban Permaculture Institute

3. Plant nutrients are soluble and available

4. Water organisms waste little energy in movement

5. Light, nutrients, plants, and organisms occupy a 3D space

6. Aquaculture systems are traditionaly polycultural

7. Bodies of water have more uses than food: energy production, transportation, recreation, irrigation.

11. Founded in 1325

12. Chinampas provided up to 2/3 of food

13. Destroyed in 1521 by Cortes

18. Fish require less cooking which save energy in preparation

19. A diverse ploycultural system may require little or no food input

20. Water is an energy efficient means of transporting a harvest.

21. Chinampas of Xochimilco

27. Trout (feeds very high on food chain)

28. Bass (feeds high on foodchain)

29. Perch (yellow perch: lower on foodchain – zooplankton, invertebrates, occasional small fish)

30. Catfish (omnivores, may be expensive to feed)

31. Carp (mostly does not eat other fish, many species feed on diverse sources. Best aquaculture species)

32. Tilapia (sometimes called water hog, eats vegetation primarily. Grows very fast in warm climates. Good food species. Up to 30-40% of food goes into body mass.)

33. Common Carp Black Carp Silver Carp Grass Carp Herbivore, grows fast Filter feeders, phytoplankton Grows large, favored food fish eats snails and mollusks Omnivores, main food species in China

35. Edge

36. Ebb-flow

37. Shallows

38. Semi-shallows

39. Deep

40. Floating

42. Shrubs add habitat and shading for water

43. Grasses and reeds may provide shelter and habitat for water animals

45. Vaccinium palustre - Small Cranberry: The fruit is edible and is held by some to be the most delicious of our native wild fruits.

48. Trapa natans - Water Chestnut: Native of Asia and the Mediterranean, this plant is hardy in all but the coldest parts of Britain and it grows in water up to two feet deep. Its seed, which is about 50% starch, can be eaten raw, cooked, or dried and ground into flour. It is often cultivated for its seed in Asia. Propagation is by seed only.

50. Water Lotus: Roots roasted or pickled. Seeds eaten raw or popped like popcorn. Stems peeled and eaten.

53. Eutrophication

54. Gulf Dead Zone The large region of low oxygen water often referred to as the 'Gulf Dead Zone,' shown here, crosses nearly 7,700 square miles of the Gulf of Mexico.

55. The dead zone starts in Midwestern corn country when farmers fertilize their fields with nitrogen. The fertilizer run-off flows down the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico, making algae bloom on the surface and cutting oxygen to creatures that live on the bottom.

65. Tagari Farm