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Transport in a Metropolis
Issues and Solutions




Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011
We shape a better world | www.arup.com
Presentation Content
• Introduction
• Survey of travel behavior in Russian cities
• Benchmarking Internationally – C40 cities
• Where do we go from here?
• Summary and conclusions




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Travel behaviour in Russian Cities




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
• Research Study by Arup into
  travel demand and patterns in
  Moscow, Saint Petersburg and
  Krasnodar
• Objective was to understand
  peoples perception of current
  transport provision, reasons for
  personal travel behavior and
  barriers to change
• Transport Research (2010)
  based on:
   ‒ passenger interviews
   ‒ user preference surveys


Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
    700
                                                              Car Ownership (cars per 1,000 population)
    600

    500

    400

    300

    200

    100

      0
           Germany         UK           USA    Czech     Russia     Brazil   Turkey   China     India
                                              Republic


• Moscow and Russia figures well below EU and US
• Significant scope for large increases in car ownership
• This needs to be planned for and tackled now

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings - Moscow Commuter Travel
40,0%

35,0%

30,0%

25,0%

20,0%

15,0%

10,0%

    5,0%

    0,0%
                    Private Car         Metro / Trains   Surface PT   Walking

•     Large share of commuting by public transport;
•     Relatively low car use, 18 – 20%;
•     Low share of walking trips (less than 10%)
•     No cycling.

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings - Comparison of mode choice
• Car ownership is lower than in most European conurbations
• Commuter daily car use is also lower (about 21%) - congestion is
  however comparable or worse than in many of those conurbations

     100%
      90%
      80%
      70%
      60%
                                                                                               Others
      50%                                                                                      Cycle
      40%
                                                                                               Walk
      30%
      20%
                                                                                               PT
      10%                                                                                      Car
       0%
      -10%   Krasnodar      Moscow         Saint     Warsaw   Barcelona Amsterdam Copenhagen
                                        Petersburg

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings – Private car use
    40,0%
                                                 35,8%
    35,0%     Reasons to use private car?                 33,7%

    30,0%
                       25,4%
    25,0%

    20,0%

    15,0%

    10,0%
                                        5,2%
     5,0%

     0,0%

                Work / Home             Price   Comfort   Time
                 Location

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings – Car parking
    60%
            Where do you park your car (commuters)?
    50%

    40%

    30%

    20%

    10%

     0%
              Parking at work           Free On-street   Paid On-street   Paid Off-street   P&R


 49% workers predominantly park their car on-street, free of charge – this generates additional traffic
  and congestion during peak periods;
 paid car parking is rare (11%) – Wide availability of free car parking is likely to favour use of the
  private car over alternative modes. (Scope to increase? Instrument for raising funds?)
 almost no Park and Ride (4%) – potential associated with the Metro / rapid trams / buses.

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings – Car users willingness to use Public Transport

                    commuting                                 shopping



                 32,8%                                   40,7%

                                         67,2%                                59,3%




 Significant number of commuters are willing to use alternative modes (67.2%);
 A large number of shoppers driving a car are willing to use public transport (59.3%).


 Infrastructure & Technologies
 (   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings – Public transport users perspective
                                                        Overall negative perception of
                                                         the transport services;
                                        Moscow
                                                        Most respondents (88.2%)
                                                         consider current transport
             12%                                         provision as either ‘not good’ or
                                                         ‘very bad’;
15%                                                     When the question is posed to
                                                         car owners only, the perception
                                                         of the transport services gets
                                 73%      Very Bad
                                                         worse again in Moscow, with
                                                         79.4% of car owners
                                          Not good
                                                         considering PT service as being
                                          Acceptable
                                                         ‘very bad’ (vs. 73.1% of all
                                                         respondents).

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Survey Findings – What do people think is the solution?
             3,0




             2,5




             2,0




             1,5




             1,0




             0,5




             0,0




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities

                                        • Arup co-authored a report
                                          on an analysis of actions
                                          underway in the worlds
                                          megacities to address
                                          climate change
                                        • Surveys of member cities
                                          between March and April
                                          2011
                                        • A key component of this
                                          analysis was an assessment
                                          of the transport sector in
                                          each city and efforts to
                                          drive sustainable transport
                                          planning

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities
• Key finding of the survey is that C40 City Authorities (Mayor)
  typically have the authority to tackle climate change, with transport
  a key lever in delivering on objectives.
• Review of what other cities are doing in transport planning,
  considered under;
        – Personal Transport Modes
        – Passenger Transit within the City
        – Passenger and Freight transport to and from the city




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here?




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here?
• Key drivers for transport planning in Russian Cities include;
        – Increasing consolidation of population into cities
        – A need for integrated land-use and transport planning (contain ‘urban
           spread’)
        – Potential for significant car ownership growth
        – Urgent need to tackle existing congestion in cities
        – Climate change




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Assess needs and plan

•          City Authorities must plan and have
           the authority and resources to
           deliver integrated land use and
           transport planning
       –       Requires skilled teams of planners and
               transport engineers within the City
               Authorities (e.g. DfTDTI Moscow)
       –       Understand the issues and needs
       –       Develop the appropriate planning tools
               (e.g. transport modelling as a tool, not
               a solution)
       –       Establish clear development and
               transport planning policies, objectives
               and guidelines for city (including
               ‘Transport Impact Assessment’)


Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
A city for people, not cars

• If you plan for cars, the result will be
  more cars. However, if you plan for
  people, the result will be more people!
• In Moscow (as in many other cities), a
  minority (20 – 25%) of daily
  commuters creates major impacts for
  the majority of the population, also
  taking the majority of the public
  space;
• Busy wide traffic corridors and lack
  of pedestrian facilities create
  severance, making it less attractive to
  walk or use public transport;


Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Demand Management
Sustainable cities need brave leaders




 Infrastructure & Technologies
 (   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Expansion of PT Networks

Transport network integration mixture of;
•   Carefully planned expansion of mass transit
    networks
•   Better use of surface transport modes (Bus,
    LRT)
•   Development of Public Transport Interchanges
•   Use of ‘Park and Ride’




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – the humble bus
•          Bus networks will continue to have a significant role in city transport
           solutions and future planning
•          Strong drive to make the bus attractive again as a travel mode
       –       Bus Rapid Transit
       –       Reallocation of road space for priority




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Make our streets attractive for walking and cycling




•      Moscow has a low share of walking only trips to work (less than 10%) vs. Cities with comparable climate
       (Warsaw 21%, Copenhagen 19%). Only 10- 15% of daily shopping trips are on foot;
•      climatic conditions do have an influence in transport choice, but it is not a major consideration for more
       than 40% commuters;

Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – The return of the bike!
                                        The Copenhagenize Index -
                                        Bicycle-Friendly Cities 2011




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Where do we go from here? – Traffic Network
Management and Intelligent Transport Systems




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Summary and Conclusions

          Integration of land-use and transport planning
          Optimisation of existing street and transport networks
          Public Transport Network Integration
          Restrict car travel and parking in city centres
          Policies and measures to support walking and cycling
          Freight management within city centres




Infrastructure & Technologies
(   Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
Thank You
                                               For further information on the research
800
600
                                               project, contact Arup at;
400                                            36 Krasnoproletarskaya Street   Ул. Краснопролетарская, д. 36
200                                            4-th Floor                      4-ый этаж
  0                                            Moscow 127473                   Москва, 127473
                                               Russia                          Россия
                                               T+7 495 933 7557
                                               Moscow@arup.com




                                                   For further information on the
                                                   C40 Cities Research visit
                                                   www.c40cities.org/


      Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011
      We shape a better world | www.arup.com

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Donal McDaid. Transport in a Metropolis. Issues and Solutions

  • 1. Transport in a Metropolis Issues and Solutions Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011 We shape a better world | www.arup.com
  • 2. Presentation Content • Introduction • Survey of travel behavior in Russian cities • Benchmarking Internationally – C40 cities • Where do we go from here? • Summary and conclusions Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 3. Travel behaviour in Russian Cities Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 4. Travel behaviour in Russian Cities • Research Study by Arup into travel demand and patterns in Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Krasnodar • Objective was to understand peoples perception of current transport provision, reasons for personal travel behavior and barriers to change • Transport Research (2010) based on: ‒ passenger interviews ‒ user preference surveys Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 5. Travel behaviour in Russian Cities 700 Car Ownership (cars per 1,000 population) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Germany UK USA Czech Russia Brazil Turkey China India Republic • Moscow and Russia figures well below EU and US • Significant scope for large increases in car ownership • This needs to be planned for and tackled now Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 6. Survey Findings - Moscow Commuter Travel 40,0% 35,0% 30,0% 25,0% 20,0% 15,0% 10,0% 5,0% 0,0% Private Car Metro / Trains Surface PT Walking • Large share of commuting by public transport; • Relatively low car use, 18 – 20%; • Low share of walking trips (less than 10%) • No cycling. Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 7. Survey Findings - Comparison of mode choice • Car ownership is lower than in most European conurbations • Commuter daily car use is also lower (about 21%) - congestion is however comparable or worse than in many of those conurbations 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Others 50% Cycle 40% Walk 30% 20% PT 10% Car 0% -10% Krasnodar Moscow Saint Warsaw Barcelona Amsterdam Copenhagen Petersburg Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 8. Survey Findings – Private car use 40,0% 35,8% 35,0% Reasons to use private car? 33,7% 30,0% 25,4% 25,0% 20,0% 15,0% 10,0% 5,2% 5,0% 0,0% Work / Home Price Comfort Time Location Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 9. Survey Findings – Car parking 60% Where do you park your car (commuters)? 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Parking at work Free On-street Paid On-street Paid Off-street P&R  49% workers predominantly park their car on-street, free of charge – this generates additional traffic and congestion during peak periods;  paid car parking is rare (11%) – Wide availability of free car parking is likely to favour use of the private car over alternative modes. (Scope to increase? Instrument for raising funds?)  almost no Park and Ride (4%) – potential associated with the Metro / rapid trams / buses. Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 10. Survey Findings – Car users willingness to use Public Transport commuting shopping 32,8% 40,7% 67,2% 59,3%  Significant number of commuters are willing to use alternative modes (67.2%);  A large number of shoppers driving a car are willing to use public transport (59.3%). Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 11. Survey Findings – Public transport users perspective  Overall negative perception of the transport services; Moscow  Most respondents (88.2%) consider current transport 12% provision as either ‘not good’ or ‘very bad’; 15%  When the question is posed to car owners only, the perception of the transport services gets 73% Very Bad worse again in Moscow, with 79.4% of car owners Not good considering PT service as being Acceptable ‘very bad’ (vs. 73.1% of all respondents). Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 12. Survey Findings – What do people think is the solution? 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 13. Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities • Arup co-authored a report on an analysis of actions underway in the worlds megacities to address climate change • Surveys of member cities between March and April 2011 • A key component of this analysis was an assessment of the transport sector in each city and efforts to drive sustainable transport planning Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 14. Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities • Key finding of the survey is that C40 City Authorities (Mayor) typically have the authority to tackle climate change, with transport a key lever in delivering on objectives. • Review of what other cities are doing in transport planning, considered under; – Personal Transport Modes – Passenger Transit within the City – Passenger and Freight transport to and from the city Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 15. Where do we go from here? Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 16. Where do we go from here? • Key drivers for transport planning in Russian Cities include; – Increasing consolidation of population into cities – A need for integrated land-use and transport planning (contain ‘urban spread’) – Potential for significant car ownership growth – Urgent need to tackle existing congestion in cities – Climate change Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 17. Where do we go from here? – Assess needs and plan • City Authorities must plan and have the authority and resources to deliver integrated land use and transport planning – Requires skilled teams of planners and transport engineers within the City Authorities (e.g. DfTDTI Moscow) – Understand the issues and needs – Develop the appropriate planning tools (e.g. transport modelling as a tool, not a solution) – Establish clear development and transport planning policies, objectives and guidelines for city (including ‘Transport Impact Assessment’) Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 18. A city for people, not cars • If you plan for cars, the result will be more cars. However, if you plan for people, the result will be more people! • In Moscow (as in many other cities), a minority (20 – 25%) of daily commuters creates major impacts for the majority of the population, also taking the majority of the public space; • Busy wide traffic corridors and lack of pedestrian facilities create severance, making it less attractive to walk or use public transport; Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 19. Where do we go from here? – Demand Management Sustainable cities need brave leaders Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 20. Where do we go from here? – Expansion of PT Networks Transport network integration mixture of; • Carefully planned expansion of mass transit networks • Better use of surface transport modes (Bus, LRT) • Development of Public Transport Interchanges • Use of ‘Park and Ride’ Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 21. Where do we go from here? – the humble bus • Bus networks will continue to have a significant role in city transport solutions and future planning • Strong drive to make the bus attractive again as a travel mode – Bus Rapid Transit – Reallocation of road space for priority Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 22. Make our streets attractive for walking and cycling • Moscow has a low share of walking only trips to work (less than 10%) vs. Cities with comparable climate (Warsaw 21%, Copenhagen 19%). Only 10- 15% of daily shopping trips are on foot; • climatic conditions do have an influence in transport choice, but it is not a major consideration for more than 40% commuters; Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 23. Where do we go from here? – The return of the bike! The Copenhagenize Index - Bicycle-Friendly Cities 2011 Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 24. Where do we go from here? – Traffic Network Management and Intelligent Transport Systems Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 25. Summary and Conclusions  Integration of land-use and transport planning  Optimisation of existing street and transport networks  Public Transport Network Integration  Restrict car travel and parking in city centres  Policies and measures to support walking and cycling  Freight management within city centres Infrastructure & Technologies ( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
  • 26. Thank You For further information on the research 800 600 project, contact Arup at; 400 36 Krasnoproletarskaya Street Ул. Краснопролетарская, д. 36 200 4-th Floor 4-ый этаж 0 Moscow 127473 Москва, 127473 Russia Россия T+7 495 933 7557 Moscow@arup.com For further information on the C40 Cities Research visit www.c40cities.org/ Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011 We shape a better world | www.arup.com