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Audio for the Web
                               Digital Journalism Workshop




Saturday, February 21, 2009
When to go with audio

                              What are the advantages of audio over
                              video, text and photo?
                              What are situations when audio would
                              be appropriate and useful?




Saturday, February 21, 2009
When to go with audio

                              Not a lot of visuals
                              Interesting interviews
                              Can broaden up your text story
                                 full-length interviews and comments
                                 links to full audio in the text story



Saturday, February 21, 2009
When to go with audio


                              Can take it with you and listen in a gym
                              or in a car
                              Can do something else while listening




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Introducing audio

                              Your audience should know what the
                              audio is about and why it can be
                              interesting
                                    short paragraph describing audio
                                    maybe photo (if relevant)



Saturday, February 21, 2009
Shooting video for the
                                 Web



Saturday, February 21, 2009
Video structure




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Video structure
                                       Films




                                       scenes




                                       shots


                              static            moving



Saturday, February 21, 2009
extreme close-up




Saturday, February 21, 2009
static shots




                              long


                                     medium



                                           close-up


                                                      extreme close-up




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Shots


                              Bust shot
                              Two-shot (or three-shot)
                              Over-the-shoulder shot




Saturday, February 21, 2009
What is closure?


                              our minds fill in information that we
                              cannot actually see on-screen




Saturday, February 21, 2009
moving




                              tilt    pan

                                              zoom




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Tips for Great Video
                              Planning is a key (what shots will you
                              need?)
                                    Let’s brainstorm a story on
                                    sustainability in Ithaca
                              Use a tripod (even when moving
                              around)


Saturday, February 21, 2009
Tips for Great Video
                              You need four shots for everything you want/need to
                              record
                                        wide shot (10 sec)
                                        medium shot (10 sec)
                                        two close-ups (face and hands)(5-10 sec)
                                        medium and close-ups work well with interviews
                              You will have enough footage to work with and it is easier
                              to edit



Saturday, February 21, 2009
Tips for Great Video

                              Mind the Light!
                              Avoid shooting against the sources of
                              light
                              Beware of shadows




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Tips for Great Video
                              Remember the rules of photo
                              composition
                                   The Rule of Thirds
                                   Patterns
                                   Natural frame
                                   Leading lines


Saturday, February 21, 2009
Tips for Great Video

                              Change your point of view (it always
                              works)
                                   put your camera on the ground
                                   put your camera up




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Tips for Great Video

                              Subject perspective shots
                                   follow the feet of a mailman
                                   try to go beyond eye-level
                                   (practice and experiment)




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Tips for Great Video


                              Experiment with shifting focus
                                   from background to foreground
                                   need to have a tripod




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Opening your video

                              Avoid starting your video with a talking
                              head
                                     use visuals to introduce a story
                              One way to start is to use a series of
                              quick sound bites



Saturday, February 21, 2009
Opening your video

                              Open with your strongest shot
                              Define your story within first 15-20
                              seconds
                              Or don’t define your story




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Opening your video

                              You can open with a black screen and
                              sounds
                              Change your shots to keep viewers
                              interested




Saturday, February 21, 2009
Video Interview
                              Ask your source to look at you instead of
                              looking at camera (leave enough nose room)
                              Avoid making comments and sounds during an
                              interview
                              Beware of distracting sounds (AC, car, washing
                              machine)
                              Don’t be afraid to ask the same question several
                              times


Saturday, February 21, 2009
Video Interview

                              Use a clip on mic
                              Take some shots of the person walking
                              around the office, sitting, talking to
                              someone, etc.




Saturday, February 21, 2009

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Lecture 3. Audio and Video For the Web

  • 1. Audio for the Web Digital Journalism Workshop Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 2. When to go with audio What are the advantages of audio over video, text and photo? What are situations when audio would be appropriate and useful? Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 3. When to go with audio Not a lot of visuals Interesting interviews Can broaden up your text story full-length interviews and comments links to full audio in the text story Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 4. When to go with audio Can take it with you and listen in a gym or in a car Can do something else while listening Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 5. Introducing audio Your audience should know what the audio is about and why it can be interesting short paragraph describing audio maybe photo (if relevant) Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 6. Shooting video for the Web Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 8. Video structure Films scenes shots static moving Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 10. static shots long medium close-up extreme close-up Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 11. Shots Bust shot Two-shot (or three-shot) Over-the-shoulder shot Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 12. What is closure? our minds fill in information that we cannot actually see on-screen Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 13. moving tilt pan zoom Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 14. Tips for Great Video Planning is a key (what shots will you need?) Let’s brainstorm a story on sustainability in Ithaca Use a tripod (even when moving around) Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 15. Tips for Great Video You need four shots for everything you want/need to record wide shot (10 sec) medium shot (10 sec) two close-ups (face and hands)(5-10 sec) medium and close-ups work well with interviews You will have enough footage to work with and it is easier to edit Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 16. Tips for Great Video Mind the Light! Avoid shooting against the sources of light Beware of shadows Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 17. Tips for Great Video Remember the rules of photo composition The Rule of Thirds Patterns Natural frame Leading lines Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 18. Tips for Great Video Change your point of view (it always works) put your camera on the ground put your camera up Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 19. Tips for Great Video Subject perspective shots follow the feet of a mailman try to go beyond eye-level (practice and experiment) Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 20. Tips for Great Video Experiment with shifting focus from background to foreground need to have a tripod Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 21. Opening your video Avoid starting your video with a talking head use visuals to introduce a story One way to start is to use a series of quick sound bites Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 22. Opening your video Open with your strongest shot Define your story within first 15-20 seconds Or don’t define your story Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 23. Opening your video You can open with a black screen and sounds Change your shots to keep viewers interested Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 24. Video Interview Ask your source to look at you instead of looking at camera (leave enough nose room) Avoid making comments and sounds during an interview Beware of distracting sounds (AC, car, washing machine) Don’t be afraid to ask the same question several times Saturday, February 21, 2009
  • 25. Video Interview Use a clip on mic Take some shots of the person walking around the office, sitting, talking to someone, etc. Saturday, February 21, 2009