SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  17
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Plastics
Manufacturing of plastics
Types of Plastics:1. Thermoplastics
2. Thermosetting plastics
 Advantages of Plastics
 Disadvantages of Plastics
 Recycling of Plastics
The production of plastics can be roughly divided
into four categories:
1. Acquiring the raw material or monomer.
2. Synthesizing the basic polymer.
3. Compounding the polymer into a material
that can be used for fabrication.
4. Molding or shaping the plastic into its final
form.
A thermoplastic , or thermosoftening , is a polymer that becomes
pliable or moldable above a specific temperature , and returns to
a solid state upon cooling .
Most thermoplastics have a high molecular weight .
The polymer chains associate through intermolecular forces , which
permits thermoplastics to be remolded because the
intermolecular interactions increase upon cooling and restore the
bulk properties .
In this way , thermoplastics differ from thermosetting polymers
which form irreversible chemical bonds during the curing process .

Thermosets often do not melt , but break down and do not reform
upon cooling .
Polythene is the most common plastic. The annual global production is
approximately 80 million tones. Its primary use is in packaging (plastic
bag, plastic films, containers including bottles, etc.). Many kinds of
polyethylene are known, with most having the chemical
formula (C2H4)nH2. Thus it is usually a mixture of similar organic
compounds.

Poly(vinyl chloride), commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third-most
widely produced plastic. PVC is used in construction because it is more
effective than traditional materials such as copper, iron or wood in pipe
and profile applications. It can be made softer and more flexible by the
addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates. In this
form, it is also used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation, inflatable
products and many applications in which it replaces rubber






Polystyrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from
the monomer styrene, a liquid petrochemical. Polystyrene can be rigid or
foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle. It is a very
inexpensive resin per unit weight. It is a rather poor barrier to oxygen
and water vapor and has a relatively low melting point. . Polystyrene can
be naturally transparent, but it can be colored with colorants. It is used in
protective packaging (such as packing peanuts and CD
and DVD cases), containers (such as
"clamshells"), lids, bottles, trays, tumblers, and disposable cutlery.
Perspex is a transparent thermoplastic, often used as a lightweight or
shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
Teflon is used as a non-stick coating for pans and other cookware. It is
very non-reactive, partly because of the strength of carbon–fluorine
bonds and so it is often used in containers and pipe work for reactive and
corrosive chemicals. Where used as a lubricant, PTFE reduces
friction, wear and energy consumption of machinery. It is also commonly
used as a graft material in surgical interventions.
Plastics




Bakelite is one of the first plastics made from
synthetic components, It was used for its
electrical non conductivity and heat-resistant
properties in electrical insulators, radio and
telephone casings, and such diverse products
as kitchenware, jewellery, pipe stems, and
children's toys.
Formica laminate is a brand of composite
materials manufactured by New Zealand-based
Formica Group. Formica Group, a division of
the New Zealand company. In common use, the
term Formica refers to the company's classic
product, a heat-resistant, wipe-clean, plastic
laminate of paper or fabric with melamine resin.











1. Generally plastic items like toys, bags can be reused in various ways
such as in the manufacturing of fashionable accessories and other plastic
goods. No doubt the recycling of plastic consume more energy and effort
compare to its manufacturing but it is a good alternate to prevent the
plastic pollution in environment.
2. Plastic materials are light in weight, unbreakable, odourless and can
be easily moulded.
3. They have excellent finishing; possess good shock absorption
capacity, high strength as well as toughness.
4. The plastics materials are corrosion resistant and these are inert as far
chemical or changes due to atmospheric oxygen goes; besides these have
low thermal expansion of co-efficient.
Therefore they possess good thermal and electrical insulating property.
5. Plastics have water resistant property and possess good adhesiveness.
They are strong, durable, good and cheap to produce.
6. It is possible to recycle plastic; therefore no decomposition required
which is much more expensive and hazardous than recycling.
7. Plastic can be used in building, construction, electronics, packing and
transportation industries.










8. Plastic can be used to produce other product and reduce soil and wind
erosion. Because of nonconductive nature of plastic, they can be easily use in
electrical installations.
9. Plastic is strong, good and cheap to produce.
10. Plastic is a recycling process and it does not decompose.
11. Plastic bottles can be reused and restored over again and again.
12. Advantages of plastic are used to produce another product.
14. Advantages of plastic are corrosion resistant and chemically inert.
15. They possess good shock absorption capacity.
16. They are also used to make - Water bottles, pens, plastic bags, cups etc.




The four disadvantages are:-

1. Flammable – This is definitely an advantage in that they
can be melted down, however smoldering plastics can
release toxic fumes into the environment.
2. Cost of Recycling – While recycling is a plus, recycling is
a very costly endeavor.
3. Volume – In the United States 20% of our landfill is made
up of plastics. As more products are being made of
plastics, where will this lead us in the future?
4. Durability – This is an advantage as well as a
disadvantage. Plastics are extremely durable, which means
that they last a long time. Those plastics in the landfill will
be there for years.
Plastics make our lives easier, however is their cost on the
environment worth it?
Environmental damage
Threat to animal life
Suffocation
Pollution
Fumes
Non renewable
Environmental Damage
Plastic bags have been known to cause a lot of environmental
damage. A single plastic bag can take up to 1000 years, to decay
completely. This makes the bags stay in environments longer, in
turn leading to great build-up on the natural landscape (much
more than degradable materials like paper). In other words, the
more plastic bags you use, the greater the chances of
environmental damage.
Threat To Animal Life
As per Marrickville Council of Australia, as many as 100,000
whales, turtles and birds die have been reported to die every
year, mainly because of plastic in their environment. Plastic bags
not only have adverse effects on our natural habitats, but have
also been found to be responsible for the death of many
animals, mainly on account of the suffocation encountered on
eating them.
Suffocation
Not only animals, infants and young children
have also been reported to have lost their
life, on account of plastic bags. Since plastic
bags are thin and airtight as well, children
often end up blocking their mouths and
nostrils with them. In case they are not being
monitored by an adult, this leads to
suffocation and, in some cases, even death.
Pollution
There are various ways on how plastic bags
can harm the health of humans and the entire
environment. Two major methods that release
toxic chemicals of plastic bags are by burning
and throwing. Whether you burn or throw
plastic bags, all the chemicals are released
which can cause harm to the society.


Fumes
Since plastic bags are not bio-degradable, the
only way to get rid of them is to burn them up.
Though lighting a match to them is easy, it has
more than its fair share of disadvantages. The
biggest of them is that smoldering plastics can
release toxic fumes into the environment, in
turn taking the air pollution to much higher
levels.
Non-renewable
One of the main disadvantages of plastic bags
is that they are not renewable. The reason
behind this is that they are made of
petrochemicals, a non-renewable source of
energy. They can be recycled, but not as easily
as paper bags. Plastic bags can last for as much
as hundred of years. In other words, long after
you are no more, the plastic bag used by you
will be in existence.
Plastics
Done by:
Shriam,Soundarya,Srinath
,Vaibhav,
Varsha,Varshini and
Vigasini

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Plastics : from innovative angle!
Plastics : from innovative angle!Plastics : from innovative angle!
Plastics : from innovative angle!Muskan Maheshwari
 
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and Water
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and Water2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and Water
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and WaterJoshua Amponsem
 
Plastic Impact
Plastic ImpactPlastic Impact
Plastic Impactprogga123
 
----------"KING OF POLLUTION"----------
----------"KING OF POLLUTION"--------------------"KING OF POLLUTION"----------
----------"KING OF POLLUTION"----------JAI SAI AKSHAY RONGALA
 
Plastic pollution
Plastic pollutionPlastic pollution
Plastic pollutioncpricenaik
 
ppt on say no to plastic bags
ppt on say no to plastic bags ppt on say no to plastic bags
ppt on say no to plastic bags Deepika yadav
 
Easy understanding of effects of plastic on the environment
Easy understanding of effects of plastic on the environmentEasy understanding of effects of plastic on the environment
Easy understanding of effects of plastic on the environmentAugustine Okoth
 
Plastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptx
Plastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptxPlastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptx
Plastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptxssuserf6794b1
 
Say NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptx
Say NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptxSay NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptx
Say NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptxDr Ruchi Kushwaha
 
Plastics Disadvantages & Recycling
Plastics Disadvantages & RecyclingPlastics Disadvantages & Recycling
Plastics Disadvantages & RecyclingPankaj Baid
 
Plastic waste management
Plastic waste management Plastic waste management
Plastic waste management niharikajain64
 
ban/say no to plastics
ban/say no to plasticsban/say no to plastics
ban/say no to plasticsparinita8769
 
Ban on use of one time use and throw away plastics
Ban on use of one time use and throw away plasticsBan on use of one time use and throw away plastics
Ban on use of one time use and throw away plasticsCHANDRA KUMARI
 
Pollution due to plastic waste
Pollution due to plastic wastePollution due to plastic waste
Pollution due to plastic wasteSurabhi Pal
 
alternatives to plastic
alternatives to plasticalternatives to plastic
alternatives to plasticaroraabinav93
 

Tendances (20)

Plastics : from innovative angle!
Plastics : from innovative angle!Plastics : from innovative angle!
Plastics : from innovative angle!
 
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and Water
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and Water2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and Water
2018: Effects of Plastic Pollution on Land and Water
 
Plastic Impact
Plastic ImpactPlastic Impact
Plastic Impact
 
Avoid use of plastic
Avoid use of plasticAvoid use of plastic
Avoid use of plastic
 
Say no to plastic
Say no to plasticSay no to plastic
Say no to plastic
 
----------"KING OF POLLUTION"----------
----------"KING OF POLLUTION"--------------------"KING OF POLLUTION"----------
----------"KING OF POLLUTION"----------
 
Plastic Pollution
Plastic PollutionPlastic Pollution
Plastic Pollution
 
Plastic pollution
Plastic pollutionPlastic pollution
Plastic pollution
 
ppt on say no to plastic bags
ppt on say no to plastic bags ppt on say no to plastic bags
ppt on say no to plastic bags
 
Easy understanding of effects of plastic on the environment
Easy understanding of effects of plastic on the environmentEasy understanding of effects of plastic on the environment
Easy understanding of effects of plastic on the environment
 
Plastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptx
Plastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptxPlastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptx
Plastic-Pollution-PowerPoint (1).pptx
 
Plastic pollution
Plastic pollutionPlastic pollution
Plastic pollution
 
Say NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptx
Say NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptxSay NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptx
Say NO to Plastic _ Dr Ruchi Kushwaha.pptx
 
Plastics Disadvantages & Recycling
Plastics Disadvantages & RecyclingPlastics Disadvantages & Recycling
Plastics Disadvantages & Recycling
 
Plastic waste management
Plastic waste management Plastic waste management
Plastic waste management
 
ban/say no to plastics
ban/say no to plasticsban/say no to plastics
ban/say no to plastics
 
Ban on use of one time use and throw away plastics
Ban on use of one time use and throw away plasticsBan on use of one time use and throw away plastics
Ban on use of one time use and throw away plastics
 
Pollution due to plastic waste
Pollution due to plastic wastePollution due to plastic waste
Pollution due to plastic waste
 
alternatives to plastic
alternatives to plasticalternatives to plastic
alternatives to plastic
 
Plastics
PlasticsPlastics
Plastics
 

Similaire à Plastics

Presentation1 2
Presentation1 2Presentation1 2
Presentation1 2parinita27
 
Plastic waste management
Plastic waste managementPlastic waste management
Plastic waste managementakashyen
 
Plastics And Their Environmental Impact
Plastics And Their Environmental ImpactPlastics And Their Environmental Impact
Plastics And Their Environmental ImpactMia Malone
 
Bioplastics Information
Bioplastics InformationBioplastics Information
Bioplastics Informationinduniva
 
chapter 3 science ppt.pptx
chapter 3 science ppt.pptxchapter 3 science ppt.pptx
chapter 3 science ppt.pptxAbhisesSingh
 
Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...
Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...
Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...prakashrohit
 
Polyethylene Glycol 3353 Lab
Polyethylene Glycol 3353 LabPolyethylene Glycol 3353 Lab
Polyethylene Glycol 3353 LabMisty Harris
 
Saniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Saniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTSSaniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Saniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTSSaniton Plastic Corporation
 
Polymer Recycling & Uses
Polymer Recycling & UsesPolymer Recycling & Uses
Polymer Recycling & UsesAbhijit Debnath
 
Properties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdf
Properties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdfProperties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdf
Properties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdfChloe Cheney
 
Gem ppt-4-plastic - boon or bane
Gem ppt-4-plastic - boon or baneGem ppt-4-plastic - boon or bane
Gem ppt-4-plastic - boon or baneijcparish
 

Similaire à Plastics (20)

Presentation1 2
Presentation1 2Presentation1 2
Presentation1 2
 
Plastic waste management
Plastic waste managementPlastic waste management
Plastic waste management
 
Waste recycling plastic ppt ( types of plastic)
Waste recycling plastic  ppt  ( types of plastic)Waste recycling plastic  ppt  ( types of plastic)
Waste recycling plastic ppt ( types of plastic)
 
Plastics And Their Environmental Impact
Plastics And Their Environmental ImpactPlastics And Their Environmental Impact
Plastics And Their Environmental Impact
 
Plastic
PlasticPlastic
Plastic
 
Bioplastics Information
Bioplastics InformationBioplastics Information
Bioplastics Information
 
chapter 3 science ppt.pptx
chapter 3 science ppt.pptxchapter 3 science ppt.pptx
chapter 3 science ppt.pptx
 
Plastic impacts on the natural Environment
Plastic impacts on the natural EnvironmentPlastic impacts on the natural Environment
Plastic impacts on the natural Environment
 
Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...
Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...
Presentation on Plastic By Kanishka and Nishtha from Hillwoods academy school...
 
plastic awareness.pdf
plastic awareness.pdfplastic awareness.pdf
plastic awareness.pdf
 
Polyethylene Glycol 3353 Lab
Polyethylene Glycol 3353 LabPolyethylene Glycol 3353 Lab
Polyethylene Glycol 3353 Lab
 
Saniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Saniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTSSaniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS
Saniton Plastic Corporation - TYPES OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS
 
Plastic's use and abuse
Plastic's use and abusePlastic's use and abuse
Plastic's use and abuse
 
Synthetic fibres
Synthetic fibresSynthetic fibres
Synthetic fibres
 
Food Packaging
Food PackagingFood Packaging
Food Packaging
 
Plastic
PlasticPlastic
Plastic
 
Polymer Recycling & Uses
Polymer Recycling & UsesPolymer Recycling & Uses
Polymer Recycling & Uses
 
Research Paper
Research PaperResearch Paper
Research Paper
 
Properties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdf
Properties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdfProperties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdf
Properties Uses and Complications of Plastic .pdf
 
Gem ppt-4-plastic - boon or bane
Gem ppt-4-plastic - boon or baneGem ppt-4-plastic - boon or bane
Gem ppt-4-plastic - boon or bane
 

Dernier

Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfTalent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfCharles Cotter, PhD
 
PDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdf
PDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdfPDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdf
PDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdfHajeJanKamps
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...Khaled Al Awadi
 
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...TalentView
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentationbaron83
 
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...IMARC Group
 
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsFabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsWristbands Ireland
 
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing ExamplesIntellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing Examplesamberjiles31
 
Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..
Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..
Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..dlewis191
 
Data skills for Agile Teams- Killing story points
Data skills for Agile Teams- Killing story pointsData skills for Agile Teams- Killing story points
Data skills for Agile Teams- Killing story pointsyasinnathani
 
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsEntrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsP&CO
 
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfAMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfJohnCarloValencia4
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsUpgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsIntellect Design Arena Ltd
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003believeminhh
 
7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.ukaroemirsr
 
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...AustraliaChapterIIBA
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.mcshagufta46
 

Dernier (20)

Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfTalent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
 
PDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdf
PDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdfPDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdf
PDT 89 - $1.4M - Seed - Plantee Innovations.pdf
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
 
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
TalentView Webinar: Empowering the Modern Workforce_ Redefininig Success from...
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
 
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
Boat Trailers Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opp...
 
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and FestivalsFabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
Fabric RFID Wristbands in Ireland for Events and Festivals
 
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing ExamplesIntellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
 
Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..
Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..
Team B Mind Map for Organizational Chg..
 
Data skills for Agile Teams- Killing story points
Data skills for Agile Teams- Killing story pointsData skills for Agile Teams- Killing story points
Data skills for Agile Teams- Killing story points
 
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizationsEntrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
Entrepreneurship & organisations: influences and organizations
 
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdfAMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
AMAZON SELLER VIRTUAL ASSISTANT PRODUCT RESEARCH .pdf
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
 
Investment Opportunity for Thailand's Automotive & EV Industries
Investment Opportunity for Thailand's Automotive & EV IndustriesInvestment Opportunity for Thailand's Automotive & EV Industries
Investment Opportunity for Thailand's Automotive & EV Industries
 
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsUpgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
 
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
The Vietnam Believer Newsletter_MARCH 25, 2024_EN_Vol. 003
 
7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk
 
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
IIBA® Melbourne - Navigating Business Analysis - Excellence for Career Growth...
 
WAM Corporate Presentation Mar 25 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation Mar 25 2024.pdfWAM Corporate Presentation Mar 25 2024.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation Mar 25 2024.pdf
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
 

Plastics

  • 2. Manufacturing of plastics Types of Plastics:1. Thermoplastics 2. Thermosetting plastics  Advantages of Plastics  Disadvantages of Plastics  Recycling of Plastics
  • 3. The production of plastics can be roughly divided into four categories: 1. Acquiring the raw material or monomer. 2. Synthesizing the basic polymer. 3. Compounding the polymer into a material that can be used for fabrication. 4. Molding or shaping the plastic into its final form.
  • 4. A thermoplastic , or thermosoftening , is a polymer that becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature , and returns to a solid state upon cooling . Most thermoplastics have a high molecular weight . The polymer chains associate through intermolecular forces , which permits thermoplastics to be remolded because the intermolecular interactions increase upon cooling and restore the bulk properties . In this way , thermoplastics differ from thermosetting polymers which form irreversible chemical bonds during the curing process . Thermosets often do not melt , but break down and do not reform upon cooling .
  • 5. Polythene is the most common plastic. The annual global production is approximately 80 million tones. Its primary use is in packaging (plastic bag, plastic films, containers including bottles, etc.). Many kinds of polyethylene are known, with most having the chemical formula (C2H4)nH2. Thus it is usually a mixture of similar organic compounds. Poly(vinyl chloride), commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third-most widely produced plastic. PVC is used in construction because it is more effective than traditional materials such as copper, iron or wood in pipe and profile applications. It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates. In this form, it is also used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation, inflatable products and many applications in which it replaces rubber
  • 6.    Polystyrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid petrochemical. Polystyrene can be rigid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle. It is a very inexpensive resin per unit weight. It is a rather poor barrier to oxygen and water vapor and has a relatively low melting point. . Polystyrene can be naturally transparent, but it can be colored with colorants. It is used in protective packaging (such as packing peanuts and CD and DVD cases), containers (such as "clamshells"), lids, bottles, trays, tumblers, and disposable cutlery. Perspex is a transparent thermoplastic, often used as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. Teflon is used as a non-stick coating for pans and other cookware. It is very non-reactive, partly because of the strength of carbon–fluorine bonds and so it is often used in containers and pipe work for reactive and corrosive chemicals. Where used as a lubricant, PTFE reduces friction, wear and energy consumption of machinery. It is also commonly used as a graft material in surgical interventions.
  • 8.   Bakelite is one of the first plastics made from synthetic components, It was used for its electrical non conductivity and heat-resistant properties in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings, and such diverse products as kitchenware, jewellery, pipe stems, and children's toys. Formica laminate is a brand of composite materials manufactured by New Zealand-based Formica Group. Formica Group, a division of the New Zealand company. In common use, the term Formica refers to the company's classic product, a heat-resistant, wipe-clean, plastic laminate of paper or fabric with melamine resin.
  • 9.         1. Generally plastic items like toys, bags can be reused in various ways such as in the manufacturing of fashionable accessories and other plastic goods. No doubt the recycling of plastic consume more energy and effort compare to its manufacturing but it is a good alternate to prevent the plastic pollution in environment. 2. Plastic materials are light in weight, unbreakable, odourless and can be easily moulded. 3. They have excellent finishing; possess good shock absorption capacity, high strength as well as toughness. 4. The plastics materials are corrosion resistant and these are inert as far chemical or changes due to atmospheric oxygen goes; besides these have low thermal expansion of co-efficient. Therefore they possess good thermal and electrical insulating property. 5. Plastics have water resistant property and possess good adhesiveness. They are strong, durable, good and cheap to produce. 6. It is possible to recycle plastic; therefore no decomposition required which is much more expensive and hazardous than recycling. 7. Plastic can be used in building, construction, electronics, packing and transportation industries.
  • 10.         8. Plastic can be used to produce other product and reduce soil and wind erosion. Because of nonconductive nature of plastic, they can be easily use in electrical installations. 9. Plastic is strong, good and cheap to produce. 10. Plastic is a recycling process and it does not decompose. 11. Plastic bottles can be reused and restored over again and again. 12. Advantages of plastic are used to produce another product. 14. Advantages of plastic are corrosion resistant and chemically inert. 15. They possess good shock absorption capacity. 16. They are also used to make - Water bottles, pens, plastic bags, cups etc.
  • 11.   The four disadvantages are:- 1. Flammable – This is definitely an advantage in that they can be melted down, however smoldering plastics can release toxic fumes into the environment. 2. Cost of Recycling – While recycling is a plus, recycling is a very costly endeavor. 3. Volume – In the United States 20% of our landfill is made up of plastics. As more products are being made of plastics, where will this lead us in the future? 4. Durability – This is an advantage as well as a disadvantage. Plastics are extremely durable, which means that they last a long time. Those plastics in the landfill will be there for years. Plastics make our lives easier, however is their cost on the environment worth it?
  • 12. Environmental damage Threat to animal life Suffocation Pollution Fumes Non renewable
  • 13. Environmental Damage Plastic bags have been known to cause a lot of environmental damage. A single plastic bag can take up to 1000 years, to decay completely. This makes the bags stay in environments longer, in turn leading to great build-up on the natural landscape (much more than degradable materials like paper). In other words, the more plastic bags you use, the greater the chances of environmental damage. Threat To Animal Life As per Marrickville Council of Australia, as many as 100,000 whales, turtles and birds die have been reported to die every year, mainly because of plastic in their environment. Plastic bags not only have adverse effects on our natural habitats, but have also been found to be responsible for the death of many animals, mainly on account of the suffocation encountered on eating them.
  • 14. Suffocation Not only animals, infants and young children have also been reported to have lost their life, on account of plastic bags. Since plastic bags are thin and airtight as well, children often end up blocking their mouths and nostrils with them. In case they are not being monitored by an adult, this leads to suffocation and, in some cases, even death. Pollution There are various ways on how plastic bags can harm the health of humans and the entire environment. Two major methods that release toxic chemicals of plastic bags are by burning and throwing. Whether you burn or throw plastic bags, all the chemicals are released which can cause harm to the society.
  • 15.  Fumes Since plastic bags are not bio-degradable, the only way to get rid of them is to burn them up. Though lighting a match to them is easy, it has more than its fair share of disadvantages. The biggest of them is that smoldering plastics can release toxic fumes into the environment, in turn taking the air pollution to much higher levels. Non-renewable One of the main disadvantages of plastic bags is that they are not renewable. The reason behind this is that they are made of petrochemicals, a non-renewable source of energy. They can be recycled, but not as easily as paper bags. Plastic bags can last for as much as hundred of years. In other words, long after you are no more, the plastic bag used by you will be in existence.