1. Google 55.2%<br />Yahoo 21.7%<br />Msn 9.6%<br />Aol 3.8<br />Terra lycos 2.6<br />Google<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />This article is about the corporation. For the search engine, see Google search. For the number 10100, see Googol. For other uses, see Google (disambiguation).<br />Google Inc.TypePublic (NASDAQ: GOOG, FWB:GGQ1)FoundedMenlo Park, California (September 4, 1998)[1]Founder(s)Sergey M. BrinLawrence E. PageHeadquartersMountain View, California, United StatesArea servedWorldwideKey peopleEric E. Schmidt(Chairman & CEO)Sergey M. Brin(Technology President)Lawrence E. Page(Products President)IndustryInternet, Computer softwareProductsSee list of Google products.Revenue▲US$23.651 billion (2009)[2][3]Operating income▲US$8.312 billion (2009)[2][3]Profit▲US$6.520 billion (2009)[2][3]Total assets▲US$40.497 billion (2009)[2][3]Total equity▲US$36.004 billion (2009)[3]Employees19,835 (2009)[2]SubsidiariesYouTube LLC, DoubleClick,GrandCentralWebsiteGoogle.com<br />Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG, FWB: GGQ1) is a multinational public cloud computing and Internet search technologies corporation. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through itsAdWords program.[2][4] The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while the two were attending Stanford University as Ph.D. candidates. It was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998, with its initial public offering to follow onAugust 19, 2004. The company's stated mission from the outset was quot;
to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and usefulquot;
,[5] and the company's unofficial slogan – coined by Google engineer Paul Buchheit – is Don't be evil.[6][7] In 2006, the company moved to their current headquarters in Mountain View, California.<br />Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world,[8] and processes over one billion search requests[9] and twentypetabytes of user-generated data every day.[10][11][12] Google's rapid growth since its incorporation has triggered a chain of products,acquisitions and partnerships beyond the company's core search engine. The company offers online productivity software, such as itsGmail e-mail software, and social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz. Google's products extend to thedesktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and theGoogle Talk instant messaging application. More notably, Google created the Android mobile phone operating system, used on a number ofHTC phones such as the Nexus One and Droid Eris. Because of its popularity and numerous products, Alexa lists Google as the Internet's most visited website.[13] Google is also Fortune Magazine's fourth best place to work,[14] and BrandZ's most powerful brand in the world.[15]However, the company has also faced criticism over issues relating to the privacy of personal information, copyright, and censorship.<br />Contents [hide]1 History1.1 Financing and initial public offering1.2 Growth1.3 Acquisitions and partnerships2 Products and services2.1 Advertising2.2 Search engine2.2.1 Books2.3 Productivity tools2.4 Enterprise products3 Platform4 Corporate affairs and culture4.1 Googleplex4.2 Innovation Time Off4.3 Easter eggs and April Fool's Day jokes4.4 IPO and culture4.5 Philanthropy4.6 Network neutrality5 See also6 References7 Further reading8 External links<br />History<br />Google in 1998<br />The first iteration of Google production servers was built with inexpensive hardware and was designed to be very fault-tolerant<br />Main article: History of Google<br />Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.[16] While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.[17] They called this new technologyPageRank, where a website's relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.[18] A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy.[19] Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine quot;
BackRubquot;
, because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.[20][21]Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word quot;
googolquot;
,[22][23] the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was meant to signify the amount of information the search engine was to handle. Originally, Google ran under the Stanford University website, with the domain google.stanford.edu. The domain google.com was registered on 15 September 1997,[24] and the company was incorporated on 4 September 1998, at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.<br />Financing and initial public offering<br />The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of US$100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was even incorporated.[25] On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was announced,[26] with major investors including theventure capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital.[25]<br />Google's initial public offering took place five years later on 19 August 2004. The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.[27][28] Shares were sold in a unique online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal.[29][30] The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion.[31] The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place.[32]<br />The stock's performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on 31 October 2007,[33] primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.[34] The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds.[34] The company is now listed on the NASDAQstock exchange under the ticker symbol GOOG and under the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ1.<br />Growth<br />In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups.[35] The next year, against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine,[36] Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords.[16] In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and clickthroughs, with bidding starting at five cents per click.[16] This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto.com, an Idealab spin off created by Bill Gross.[37][38] When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company's pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo! and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing. The case was then settled out of court, with Google agreeing to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a perpetual license.[39]<br />During this time, Google was granted a patent describing their PageRank mechanism.[40] The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased their current office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.[41] The complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SGI for $319 million.[42] By that time, the name quot;
Googlequot;
had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb quot;
googlequot;
to be added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as quot;
to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet.quot;
[43][44]<br />Acquisitions and partnerships<br />See also: List of acquisitions by Google<br />Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, mainly focusing on small venture capital companies. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc..[45] The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a 3-D view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to Google Earth in 2005. Two years later, Google bought the online video site YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock.[46] On 13 April 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.[47] Later that same year, Google purchased GrandCentral for $50 million.[48] The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. On August 5 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million.[49] Most recently, Google acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for $50 million. Google commented in their internal blog, quot;
we're looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take itquot;
.[50]<br />In addition to the numerous companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for everything from research to advertising. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of offices.[51] The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management,nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Later that year, Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to help share and distribute each other's technologies.[52] The company also partnered with AOL of Time Warner,[53] to enhance each other's video search services. Google's 2005 partnerships also included financing the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson.[54] Google would later launch quot;
Adsense for Mobilequot;
, taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.[55] Increasing their advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corp. entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on popular social networking site MySpace.[56]<br />In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, a service started by the North American Aerospace Defense Command that quot;
tracksquot;
Santa as he travels the world on Christmas eve.[57][58][59] Though AOL had previously been the sponsor and key partner for the program, Google displaced the Time Warner company, using Google Earth to track Santa in 3-D for the first time.[60] That first year, the NORAD Tracks Santa Web site received 10.6 plus million unique visitors from 212 countries and territories.[61][62] Furthermore, video sharing site YouTube, now owned by Google, would give NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel as part of the partnership.[63] In December 2008, BBC News interviewed Google Earth and Google Mapsengineering director Brian McClendon on the NORAD Tracks Santa project, who described it as project quot;
that reaches [sic] and audience and educate them and help them use the computers in new and innovative ways.quot;
[64][65] In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 6 September 2008.[66] Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting a archive of Life Magazine's photographs as part of its latest partnership. Some of the images in the archive were never published in the magazine.[67] The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status.[68]<br />Products and services<br />Google appliance as shown atRSA Conference 2008<br />Main article: List of Google products<br />Advertising<br />99% of Google's revenue is derived from its advertising programs.[69] For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues.[70] Google is able to precisely track users' interests across affiliated sites using DoubleClick technology[71] and Google Analytics.[72] Google's advertisements carry a lower price tag when their human ad-rating team working around the world believes the ads improve the company's user experience.[73] Google AdWords allows Web advertisers to display advertisements in Google's search results and the Google Content Network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme.[74] Google AdSense website owners can also display adverts on their own site, and earn money every time ads are clicked.[75] Google began in March 2009 to use behavioral targeting based on users' interests.[76]<br />Google has also been criticized by advertisers regarding its inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script is used to generate a charge on an advertisement without really having an interest in the product. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid.[77]<br />In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo!, which would have allowed Yahoo! to feature Google advertisements on their web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized due to antitrust concerns by the U.S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November, 2008.[78][79]<br />Search engine<br />The Google web search engine is the company's most popular service. According to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the US market, with a market share of 65.6%.[80] Google indexes billions of Web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords andoperators, although at any given time it will only return a maximum of 1,000 results for any specific search query. Google has also employed the Web Search technology into other search services, including Image Search, Google News, the price comparison site Google Product Search, the interactive Usenet archive Google Groups, Google Maps, and more.<br />In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which allowed users to both upload videos, and search and watch videos from the larger Internet.[81] In 2009 uploads to Google video were discontinued.[82]<br />Google has also developed several desktop applications, including Google Desktop, Picasa, SketchUp and Google Earth, an interactive mapping program powered by satellite and aerial imagery that covers the vast majority of the planet. Many major cities have such detailed images that one can zoom in close enough to see vehicles and pedestrians clearly. Consequently, there have been some concerns about national security implications; contention is that the software can be used to pinpoint with near-precision accuracy the physical location of critical infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, bases, government agencies, and so on. However, the satellite images are not necessarily frequently updated, and all of them are available at no charge through other products and even government sources; the software simply makes accessing the information easier. A number of Indian state governments have raised concerns about the security risks posed by geographic details provided by Google Earth's satellite imaging.[83]<br />Google has promoted their products in various ways. In London, Google Space was set-up in Heathrow Airport, showcasing several products, including Gmail, Google Earth and Picasa.[84][85] Also, a similar page was launched for American college students, under the name College Life, Powered by Google.[86]<br />In 2007, some reports surfaced that Google was planning the release of its own mobile phone, possibly a competitor to Apple's iPhone.[87][88][89] The project, called Android, turned out not to be a phone, but an operating system. It provides a standard development kit that will allow any quot;
Androidquot;
phone to run software developed for the Android SDK, no matter the phone manufacturer. In September 2008, T-Mobile released the first phone running the Android platform, the G1.<br />Google Translate aka Google Language Tools is a server-side machine translation service, which can translate 35 different languages to each other, forming 595 language pairs. Browser extension tools (such as Firefox extensions) allow for easy access to Google Translate from the browser. The software uses corpus linguistics techniques from translated documents, (such as United Nations documents,[citation needed] which are professionally translated) to extract translations accurate up to 88 percent. A quot;
suggest a better translationquot;
feature appears with the original language text in a pop-up text field, allowing users to indicate where the current translation is incorrect or else inferior to another translation.<br />On 1 September 2008, Google pre-announced the upcoming availability of Google Chrome, an open-source web browser,[90] which was released on 2 September 2008.<br />On May 27, 2009, Google announced plans to develop Google Wave, a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. A quot;
wavequot;
is equal parts conversation and document, where users can almost instantly communicate and work together with richly formatted text, photos, videos, maps, and much more. Google Wave is currently still in what the company calls quot;
preview mode,quot;
in which a potential user must request access from Google to be given a Wave account.<br />On 7 July 2009, Google announced the project to develop Google Chrome OS, an open-source Linux-based operating system in a quot;
window of opportunityquot;
.[91][92]<br />Books<br />Main article: Google Books<br />Google indexes a number of books and reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U.S., the U.K., Australia and Canada.[93] The Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking them to remove the works of La Martinière (Éditions du Seuil) from their database.[94] In competition with Amazon.com, Google plans to sell digital versions of new books.[95]<br />Productivity tools<br />Main article: Gmail<br />Gmail, known in the United Kingdom and Germany as Google Mail, is a free webmail, POP3 and IMAP service provided by Google. It was launched as an invitation-only beta release on April 1, 2004, and became available to the general public as a beta product on February 7, 2007. The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, along with the rest of the Google Apps suite, at which time it had 146 million users monthly.[citation needed]. With an initial storage capacity offer of 1 GB per user, Gmail significantly increased the webmail standard for free storage from the 2 to 4MB its competitors offered at that time. The service currently offers over 7400 MB of free storage with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for $5 to $4,056 (US) per year.<br />Gmail has a search-oriented interface and a quot;
conversation viewquot;
similar to an Internet forum. Software developers know Gmail for its pioneering use of the Ajax programming technique.<br />Gmail runs on Google Servlet Engine and Google GFE/1.3 which runs on Linux.<br />Enterprise products<br />Google entered the enterprise market in February 2002 with the launch of its Google Search Appliance, targeted toward providing search technology to larger organizations.[96] Providing search for a smaller document repository, Google launched the Mini in 2005.<br />Late in 2006, Google began to sell Custom Search Business Edition, providing customers with an advertising-free window into Google.com's index.[97] In 2008, Google re-branded its next version of Custom Search Business Edition as Google Site Search.[97]<br />In 2007, Google launched Google Apps Premier Edition, a version of Google Apps targeted primarily at the business user. It includes such extras as more disk space for e-mail, API access, and premium support, for a price of $50 per user per year. A large implementation of Google Apps with 38,000 users is at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.[98]<br />Also in 2007, Google acquired Postini[99] and continued to sell the acquired technology[100] as Google Security Services.[101]<br />Platform<br />Main article: Google platform<br />Google runs its services on several server farms, each comprising thousands of low-cost commodity computers running stripped-down versions of Linux. While the company divulges no details of its hardware, a 2006 estimate cites 450,000 servers, quot;
racked up in clusters at data centers around the world.quot;
[102] The company has about 24 server farms around the world of various configurations. The farm in The Dalles, Oregon is powered by hydroelectricity at about 50 megawatts.[103]<br />Corporate affairs and culture<br />Left to right, Eric E. Schmidt, Sergey Brinand Larry Page<br />Google is known for its informal corporate culture, of which its playful variations on its own corporate logo are an indicator. In 2007 and 2008,Fortune Magazine placed Google at the top of its list of the hundred best places to work.[14] Google's corporate philosophy embodies such casual principles as quot;
you can make money without doing evil,quot;
quot;
you can be serious without a suit,quot;
and quot;
work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun.quot;
[104]<br />Google has been criticized for having salaries below industry standards.[105] For example, some system administrators earn no more than $35,000 per year – considered to be quite low for the Bay Area job market.[106] However, Google's stock performance following its IPO has enabled many early employees to be competitively compensated by participation in the corporation's remarkable equity growth.[107]<br />After the company's IPO in August 2004, it was reported that founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, requested that their base salary be cut to $1.[108] Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because, quot;
their primary compensation continues to come from returns on their ownership stakes in Google. As significant stockholders, their personal wealth is tied directly to sustained stock price appreciation and performance, which provides direct alignment with stockholder interests.quot;
[108] Prior to 2004, Schmidt was making $250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earned a salary of $150,000.[dubious – discuss][108]<br />They have all declined recent offers of bonuses and increases in compensation by Google's board of directors. In a 2007 report of the United States' richest people, Forbes reported thatSergey Brin and Larry Page were tied for #5 with a net worth of $18.5 billion each.[109]<br />In 2007 and through early 2008, Google has seen the departure of several top executives. Gideon Yu, former chief financial officer of YouTube, a Google unit, joined Facebook[110] along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer, who left in October 2007.[111] In March 2008, two senior Google leaders announced their desire to pursue other opportunities. Sheryl Sandburg, ex-VP of global online sales and operations began her position as COO of Facebook[112] while Ash ElDifrawi, former head of brand advertising, left to become CMO of Netshops Inc.[113]<br />Google's persistent cookie and other information collection practices have led to concerns over user privacy. As of 11 December 2007, Google, like the Microsoft search engine, stores quot;
personal information for 18 monthsquot;
and by comparison, AOL (Time Warner) quot;
retain[s] search requests for 13 monthsquot;
,[114] and Yahoo! 90 days.[115]<br />U.S. District Court Judge Louis Stanton, on July 1, 2008 ordered Google to give YouTube user data / log to Viacom to support its case in a billion-dollar copyright lawsuit against Google.[116][117] Google and Viacom, however, on July 14, 2008, agreed in compromise to protect YouTube users' personal data in the $1 billion copyright lawsuit. Google agreed it will make user information and Internet protocol addresses from its YouTube subsidiary anonymous before handing over the data to Viacom. The privacy deal also applied to other litigants including the FA Premier League, the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organisation and the Scottish Premier League.[118][119] The deal however did not extend the anonymity to employees, since Viacom would prove that Google staff are aware of uploading of illegal material to the site. The parties therefore will further meet on the matter lest the data be made available to the court.[120]<br />Googleplex<br />The Googleplex<br />Main article: Googleplex<br />Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California, is referred to as quot;
the Googleplexquot;
in a play of words; a googolplex being 1010100, or a one followed by a googol of zeros, and the HQ being a complex of buildings (cf. multiplex, cineplex, etc). The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, foosball, a baby grand piano, a pool table, and ping pong. In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks.[121]<br />Sign at the Googleplex<br />In 2006, Google moved into 311,000 square feet (28,900 m2) of office space in New York City, at 111Eighth Ave. in Manhattan.[122] The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships, most recently deals with MySpace and AOL.[122] In 2003, they added an engineering staff in New York City, which has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets, and others.[122] It is estimated that the building costs Google $10 million per year to rent and is similar in design and functionality to its Mountain View headquarters, including foosball, air hockey, and ping-pong tables, as well as a video game area.[122] In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellon's campus in Pittsburgh.[123] By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan.[124]<br />Google is taking steps to ensure that their operations are environmentally sound. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs.[125]The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.[125] Google has faced accusations in Harper's Magazine[126] of being extremely excessive with their energy usage, and were accused of employing their quot;
Don't be evilquot;
motto as well as their very public energy saving campaigns as means of trying to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy their servers actually require.<br />In 2009 Google announced it was deploying herds of goats to keep grassland around the Googleplex short, helping to prevent the threat from seasonal bush fires while also reducing the carbon footprint of mowing the extensive grounds.[127][128]<br />Innovation Time Off<br />As a motivation technique (usually called Innovation Time Off), all Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Google's newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors.[129] In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, stated that her analysis showed that 50% of the new product launches originated from the 20% time.[130]<br />Easter eggs and April Fool's Day jokes<br />Main article: Google's hoaxes<br />Google has a tradition of creating April Fool's Day jokes—such as Google MentalPlex, which allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web.[131] In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the secret behind their growing search engine.[132] In 2004, they featured Google Lunar (which claimed to feature jobs on the moon),[133] and in 2005, a fictitious brain-boosting drink, termed Google Gulp was announced.[134] In 2006, they came up with Google Romance, a hypothetical online dating service.[135] In 2007, Google announced two joke products. The first was a free wireless Internet service called TiSP (Toilet Internet Service Provider)[136] in which one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet and waiting only an hour for a quot;
Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD)quot;
to connect it to the Internet.[136] Additionally, Google's Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, which allows users of their free email service to have email messages printed and shipped to a snail mail address.[137]<br />Google's services contain a number of Easter eggs; for instance, the Language Tools page offers the search interface in the Swedish Chef's quot;
Bork bork bork,quot;
Pig Latin, quot;
Hackerquot;
(actuallyleetspeak), Elmer Fudd, and Klingon.[138] In addition, the search engine calculator provides the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything from Douglas Adams'The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.[139] As Google’s search box can be used as a unit converter (as well as a calculator), some non-standard units are built in, such as the Smoot. A newly discovered easter egg is the spell-checker's result for the properly spelled word quot;
recursionquot;
. The spell-checker built into Google search returns quot;
Did you mean: recursion?quot;
in a recursive link back to the same page.[140] In Google Maps, searching for directions between places, such as Los Angeles and Tokyo results in one direction being quot;
kayak across the Pacific Ocean.quot;
Google also routinely modifies its logo in accordance with various holidays or special events throughout the year, such as Christmas, Mother's Day, or the birthdays of various notable individuals.[141] Other logo switches are based on search terms. For instance, if the term quot;
ascii artquot;
(all lower-case required) is searched, an ASCII art version of the Google logo will appear next to the search box.[142]<br />IPO and culture<br />Many people speculated that Google's IPO would inevitably lead to changes in the company's culture,[143] because of shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions and short-term advances, or because a large number of the company's employees would suddenly become millionaires on paper. In a report given to potential investors, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the company's culture.[144] Later Mr. Page said, quot;
We think a lot about how to maintain our culture and the fun elements. We spent a lot of time getting our offices right. We think it's important to have a high density of people. People are packed together everywhere. We all share offices. We like this set of buildings because it's more like a densely packed university campus than a typical suburban office park.quot;
[145]<br />However, in 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.[146][147][148] In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google has designated a Chief Culture Officer in 2006, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on in the beginning—a flat organization with a collaborative environment.[149]<br />Google has faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.[150][151]<br />Philanthropy<br />Main article: Google.org<br />In 2004, Google formed a not for-profit philanthropic wing, Google.org, with a start-up fund of $1 billion.[152] The express mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects is to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 mpg. The founder is Dr Larry Brilliant[153] and the current director is Megan Smith.[154]<br />In 2008 Google announced its quot;
project 10^100quot;
which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then will allow Google users to vote on their favorites.[155]<br />Network neutrality<br />Google is a noted supporter of network neutrality. According to Google's Guide to Net Neutrality:<br />Network neutrality is the principle that Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet. The Internet has operated according to this neutrality principle since its earliest days... Fundamentally, net neutrality is about equal access to the Internet. In our view, the broadband carriers should not be permitted to use their market power to discriminate against competing applications or content. Just as telephone companies are not permitted to tell consumers who they can call or what they can say, broadband carriers should not be allowed to use their market power to control activity online. [156]<br />On February 7, 2006, Vinton Cerf, a co-inventor of the Internet Protocol (IP), and current Vice President and quot;
Chief Internet Evangelistquot;
at Google, in testimony before Congress, said, quot;
allowing broadband carriers to control what people see and do online would fundamentally undermine the principles that have made the Internet such a success.quot;
[157]<br />See also<br />San Francisco Bay Area portalCompanies portal<br />Censorship by Google<br />Criticism of Google<br />Google China – Chinese subsidiary<br />Google economy<br />Google File System – internal distributed file system<br />Google logo<br />Google Ventures – venture capital fund<br />Googlebot – web crawler<br />Search engine<br />TrustRank<br />List of Google products<br />Google Variations<br />References<br />^ Incorporation document. April 29, 2004. Retrieved 2008-09-27.<br />^ a b c d e f quot;
Financial Tablesquot;
. Google Investor Relations. Retrieved 2010-02-18.<br />^ a b c d e U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2009). quot;
Form 10-Kquot;
. Washington, D.C.: United States of America. Part II, Item 6. Retrieved 2010-02-18.<br />^ David A. Vise (2005-10-21). [David A. Vise quot;
Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profitquot;
]. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ quot;
Google Corporate Informationquot;
. Google, Inc.. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ quot;
Google Code of Conductquot;
. Google, Inc.. 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ Lenssen, Philip (2007-07-16). quot;
Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and Morequot;
. Google Blogscoped. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ quot;
Pandia Search Engine News — Google: one million servers and countingquot;
. Pandia Search Engine News. 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ Kuhn, Eric (2009-12-18). quot;
CNN Politics — Political Ticker... Google unveils top political searches of 2009quot;
. CNN. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ Czajkowski, Grzegorz (2008-11-21). quot;
Sorting 1PB with MapReducequot;
. Official Google Blog. Google, Inc.. Retrieved 16 February 2010.<br />^ Kennedy, Niall (2008-01-08). quot;
Google processes over 20 petabytes of data per dayquot;
. Niall Kennedy's Weblog. Niall Kennedy. Retrieved 16 February 2010.<br />^ Schonfeld, Erick (2008-01-09). quot;
Google Processing 20,000 Terabytes A Day, And Growingquot;
. TechCrunch. TechCrunch. Retrieved 16 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Alexa Traffic Rank for Google (three month average)quot;
. Alexa Internet. Retrieved 2009-09-06.<br />^ a b quot;
100 Best Companies to Work For 2010quot;
. Fortune Maganize. CNN. 2010-02-08. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ quot;
Top 100 Most Powerful Brands of 2009quot;
(PDF). BrandZ. 2008. p. 9. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ a b c quot;
Google Milestonesquot;
. Corporate Information. Google, Inc.. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ Page, Lawrence; Brin, Sergey; Motwani, Rajeev; Winograd, Terry (1999-11-11). quot;
The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Webquot;
. Stanford University. Retrieved 15 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Technology Overviewquot;
. Corporate Information. Google, Inc.. Retrieved 15 February 2010.<br />^ Li, Yanhong (2002-08-06). quot;
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The Birth of Googlequot;
. Wired Magazine.<br />^ quot;
9 People, Places & Things That Changed Their Namesquot;
. Mental Floss. Retrieved 2009-12-20.<br />^ Koller, David (January 2004). quot;
Origin of the name quot;
Googlequot;
quot;
. Stanford University. Retrieved 15 February 2010.<br />^ Hanley, Rachael (2003-02-12). quot;
From Googol to Googlequot;
. The Stanford Daily (Stanford University). Retrieved 15 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
WHOIS — google.comquot;
. Retrieved 2008-08-18.<br />^ a b Kopytoff, Verne (2004-04-29). quot;
For early Googlers, key word is $$$quot;
. San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco: Hearst Communications). Retrieved 19 February 2010.<br />^ Google (June 7, 1999). quot;
Google Receives $25 Million in Equity Fundingquot;
. Press release. Archived from the original on 2000-03-09. Retrieved 2009-02-16.<br />^ Elgin, Ben (2004-08-19). quot;
Google: Whiz Kids or Naughty Boys?quot;
. BusinessWeek (Bloomberg, L.P.). Retrieved 19 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
2004 Annual Reportquot;
. Mountain View, California: Google, Inc.. 2004. pp. 29. Retrieved 19 February 2010.<br />^ La Monica, Paul R. (2004-04-30). quot;
Google sets $2.7 billion IPOquot;
. CNN Money. CNN. Retrieved 19 February 2010.<br />^ Kawamoto, Dawn (2004-04-29). quot;
Want In on Google's IPO?quot;
. ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 19 February 2010.<br />^ Webb, Cynthia L.. quot;
Google's IPO: Grate Expectationsquot;
. Washington Post (Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company). Retrieved 19 February 2010.<br />^ Kuchinskas, Susan (2004-08-09). quot;
Yahoo and Google Settlequot;
. internet.com (QuinStreet, Inc.). Retrieved 19 February 2010.<br />^ Daily Telegraph Issue 47,409 Business Section Page B5 date, 7 November 2007<br />^ a b La Monica, Paul R. quot;
Bowling for Google.quot;
CNN. 25 May 2005. Retrieved on 28 February 2007.<br />^ Fried, Ian (2002-10-04). quot;
A building blessed with tech successquot;
. CNET News (CNET). Retrieved 15 February 2010.<br />^ Stross, Randall (September 2008). quot;
Introductionquot;
. Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know. New York: Free Press. pp. 3-4. ISBN 978-1-4165-4691-7. Retrieved 2010-02-14.<br />^ Sullivan, Danny (1998-07-01). quot;
GoTo Going Strongquot;
. SearchEngineWatch.com (Incisive Interactive Marketing). Retrieved 18 February 2010.<br />^ Pelline, Jeff (1998-02-19). quot;
Pay-for-placement gets another shotquot;
. CNET News (CNET). Retrieved 18 February 2010.<br />^ Olsen, Stephanie (2004-08-09). quot;
Google, Yahoo bury the legal hatchetquot;
. CNET News (CNET). Retrieved 18 February 2010.<br />^ US patent 6285999, quot;
Method for node ranking in a linked databasequot;
, granted 2001-09-04 , assigned to The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University<br />^ Olsen, Stephanie (2003-07-11). quot;
Google's movin' on upquot;
. CNET News (CNET). Retrieved 15 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Google to buy headquarters building from Silicon Graphicsquot;
. Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal (San Jose: American City Business Journals). 2006-06-16. Retrieved 15 February 2010.<br />^ Krantz, Michael (2006-10-25). quot;
Do You quot;
Googlequot;
?quot;
. Google Blog. Google, Inc.. Retrieved 17 February 2010.<br />^ Bylund, Anders (2006-07-05). quot;
To Google or Not to Googlequot;
. MSNBC. Archived from the original on 2006-07-07. Retrieved 17 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Google press announcement: Google acquires Keyhole, Inc.<br />^ La Monica, Paul R. (2006-10-09). quot;
Google to buy YouTube for $1.65 billionquot;
. CNN Money. CNN. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ Story, Louise; Helft, Miguel (2007-04-17). quot;
Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billionquot;
. The New York Times (New York: The New York Times Company). Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ Chan, Wesley (2007-07-02). quot;
All aboardquot;
. Official Google Blog. Google, Inc.. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Google to Acquire On2 Technologiesquot;
. Google Press release. 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-08-05.<br />^ quot;
Google Acquires Aardvarkquot;
. Official Google Blog. google.com. Retrieved February 12, 2010. quot;
we're excited to announce that we've acquired Aardvark, a unique technology company.quot;
<br />^ Mills, Elinor (2005-09-29). quot;
Can Google beat the new-office curse?quot;
. CNET News. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ Kessler, Michelle; Acohido, Byron (2005-10-03). quot;
Google, Sun make 'big deal' togetherquot;
. USA Today (Gannett Co. Inc.). Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ Mills, Elinor (2005-12-28). quot;
What the Google-AOL deal means for usersquot;
. CNET News. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ Lunden, Ingrid (2010-02-12). quot;
DotMobi Sells .Mobi Domain-Name Operatorquot;
. Yahoo! Finance. Yahoo!. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Google AdSense for Mobile unlocks the potential of the mobile advertising marketquot;
. Google, Inc.. 2007-09-17. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Fox Interactive Media Enters into Landmark Agreement with Google Inc.; Multi-Year Pact Calls for Google to Provide Search and Advertising across Fox Interactive Media's Growing Online Network Including the MySpace Communityquot;
. B Net. CBS Interactive. 2006-08-07. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
For more than 50 years, NORAD is Tracking Santa, 14 Dec 2007 by Glenn Lethamquot;
(in en). GISUser.com. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ quot;
Tracking Santa: NORAD & Google Team Up For Christmas, Dec 1, 2007, Danny Sullivanquot;
(in en). Search Engine Land. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ quot;
Tracking Santa, Then and Now, November 30, 2007, by Carrie Farrell, Veteran Santa Trackerquot;
(in en). Google. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ quot;
Behind the scenes: NORAD's Santa tracker for Thur, Dec 21, 2009 By Daniel Terdiman, CNETquot;
(in en). CNET. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ quot;
NORAD Tracks Santa Web site going live, November 24, 2008, Major Stacia Reddish, NORAD Public Affairsquot;
(in en). NORAD. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ quot;
NORAD Tracks Santa at International Business Times for Dec 24, 2008quot;
(in en). International Business Times. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ quot;
Instructions On Tracking Santa With NORAD & Google: The 2007 Edition, Dec 24, 2007, Danny Sullivanquot;
(in en). Search Engine Land. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ Brian McClendon. (2010-02-10). December 2008 - BBC News — Brian McClendon — NORAD Tracks Santa — Google. [Television production]. Mountain View, California: BBC News. Event occurs at 0:20. Retrieved 2010-02-25. quot;
projects that reach and audience and educate them and help them use the computers in new and innovative waysquot;
<br />^ quot;
BBC News — Hi-tech helps track Santa Claus, December 24, 2008quot;
(in en). BBC. Retrieved 2009-12-31.<br />^ Shalal-Esa, Andrea (2008-09-06). [GeoEye launches high-resolution satellite quot;
GeoEye launches high-resolution satellitequot;
]. Washington: Reuters. Retrieved 26 February 2010.<br />^ quot;
Google gives online life to Life mag's photosquot;
. Associated Press. Mountain View, California. 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2010-02-25. quot;
Google Inc. has opened an online photo gallery that will include millions of images from Life magazine's archives that have never been seen by the public before.quot;
<br />^ Greg Stirling (November 18, 2008). quot;
Google Hosting Time-Life Photo Archive, 10 Million Unpublished Images Now Livequot;
. Search Engine Land. Retrieved 2009-12-20.<br />^ Google Annual Report, Feb. 15, 2008<br />^ quot;
Form 10-K — Annual Reportquot;
. EDGAR. SEC. Retrieved 2007-07-14.<br />^ Nakashima, Ellen (August 12, 2008). quot;
Some Web Firms Say They Track Behavior Without Explicit Consentquot;
. The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). Retrieved 2008-09-01.<br />^ Bright, Peter (August 27, 2008). quot;
Surfing on the sly with IE8's new quot;
InPrivatequot;
Internetquot;
. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2008-09-01.<br />^ Vogelstein, Fred. quot;
Why Google needs better antitrust advicequot;
. Wired News (CondéNet). Retrieved 2008-09-22.<br />^ https://www.google.com/accounts/ServiceLogin?service=adwords&cd=null&hl=en-GB&ltmpl=adwords&passive=true&ifr=false&alwf=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fadwords.google.com%2Fselect%2Fgaiaauth%3Fapt%3DNone%26ugl%3Dtrue<br />^ quot;
AdSensequot;
. Retrieved 2009-10-11.<br />^ Helft, Miguel (March 11, 2009). quot;
Google to Offer Ads Based on Interestsquot;
. The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-03-10.<br />^ Mills, Elinor. quot;
Google to offer advertisers click fraud stats.quot;
c net. 25 July 2006. Retrieved on 29 July 2006.<br />^ Bloggingstocks quot;
Yahoo and Google may dump their deal.quot;
Mclntyre, Douglas. Oct. 31, 2008.<br />^ The Official Google Blog. quot;
Ending our agreement with Yahoo!quot;
Drummond, David. Nov. 5, 2008.<br />^ quot;
comScore Releases November 2009 U.S. Search Engine Rankingsquot;
. 2006-12-16.<br />^ Tyler, Nathan. quot;
Google to Launch Video Marketplace.quot;
Google. 6 January 2006. Retrieved on 23 February 2007.<br />^ Cohen, Michael (2009-01-14). quot;
Official Google Video Blog: Turning Down Uploads at Google Videoquot;
. Googlevideo.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2010-01-02.<br />^ Sharma, Dinesh C. quot;
Indian president warns against Google Earth.quot;
c net. 17 October 2005. Retrieved on 23 July 2006.<br />^ quot;
Googlespace Website.quot;
Google. Retrieved on 26 February 2007.<br />^ Donoghue, Andrew. quot;
Google turns Heathrow into testing lab.quot;
ZDNet. 24 November 2005. Retrieved on 25 February 2007.<br />^ quot;
College Life, Powered by Google Website.quot;
Retrieved on 25 February 2007.<br />^ Orlowski, Andrew. quot;
Google Phone - it's for real.quot;
The Register. 16 March 2007. Retrieved on 1 April 2007.<br />^ Smith, David. quot;
The future for Orange could soon be Google in your pocket.quot;
The Guardian. 17 December 2006. Retrieved on 1 April 2007.<br />^ Ricker, Thomas. quot;
The Google Switch: an iPhone killer?.quot;
Engadget. 18 January 2007. Retrieved on 1 April 2007.<br />^ Google Blog - A fresh take on the browser<br />^ Google Blog - Introducing the Google Chrome OS<br />^ , Google sees window of opportunity to launch operating system, Los Angeles Times, July 9, 2009<br />^ Pettersson, Edvard (November 20, 2009). quot;
Google Wins Preliminary Approval of Online Books Settlementquot;
. Bloomberg. Retrieved 2009-12-18.<br />^ Smith, Heather (December 18, 2009). quot;
Google’s French Book Scanning Project Halted by Courtquot;
. Bloomberg. Retrieved 2009-12-18.<br />^ Rich, Motoko (May 31, 2009). quot;
Preparing to Sell E-Books, Google Takes on Amazonquot;
. The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-12-18.<br />^ Google - Corporate Information<br />^ a b Search Engine Land - Google Rebrands Custom Search quot;
Business Editionquot;
as quot;
Google Site Searchquot;
<br />^ Rickwood, Lee. quot;
Google Apps: Killer software or killer decision?.quot;
PCWorld.ca. 23 March 2007. Retrieved on 25 March 2007.<br />^ The Official Google Blog - We've Officially Acquired Postini<br />^ Google Press Center - Google Adds Postini's Security and Compliance Capabilities to Google Apps<br />^ Google - Google Security Services<br />^ Carr, David F. quot;
How Google Works.quot;
Baseline Magazine. 6 July 2006. Retrieved on 7 February 2008.<br />^ quot;
Google’s Green Agenda Could Pay Offquot;
. New York Times. October 27, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-30. quot;
Still, a picture of the scale of its data center operations has emerged through various reports. The company is believed to have about two dozen data centers around the world of various sizes. Some, like the one it built in The Dalles, Ore., which is largely powered by hydroelectricity, are among the largest in the industry. Two people familiar with that facility, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said that it was operating at about 50 megawatts—enough to power 37,500 homes—but was built to handle even more capacity.quot;
<br />^ quot;
Google Corporate Philosophy.quot;
Google. Retrieved on 31 August 2006.<br />^ quot;
Google Employee Salaries Data Survey —Retrieved from mydanwei.com<br />^ Penenberg, Adam L. quot;
Why Google Is Like Wal-Mart.quot;
Wired. 21 April 2005. Retrieved on 25 February 2007.<br />^ Shinal, John. quot;
Google IPO achieved its major goal: It's all about raising cash for the company and rewarding employees, early investors.quot;
San Francisco Chronicle. 22 August 2004. Retrieved on 25 February 2007.<br />^ a b c La Monica, Paul R. quot;
Google leaders stick with $1 salary.quot;
CNN. 31 March 2006. Retrieved on 28 February 2007.<br />^ quot;
The 400 Richest Americans.quot;
Forbes. 20 September 2007. Retrieved on 22 September 2007.<br />^ quot;
quot;
Another Googler goes to Facebook: Sheryl Sandburg becomes new COOquot;
quot;
. Venture Beat. 2008-03-04. Retrieved 2008-03-31.<br />^ quot;
quot;
Top Google exec jumps to Facebookquot;
quot;
. Fortune. 2008-03-04. Retrieved 2008-03-31.<br />^ quot;
quot;
Facebook Raids Google for Executivequot;
quot;
. Washington Post. 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-03-31.<br />^ quot;
quot;
Netshops Inc. Appoints Ash ElDifrawi as Company's First Chief Marketing Officerquot;
quot;
. PR Newswire. 2008-03-26. Retrieved 2008-03-31.<br />^ Liedtke, Michael (11 December 2007). quot;
Ask.com will purge search info in hoursquot;
. Journal Gazette (Fort Wayne Newspapers). Retrieved 2007-12-11.<br />^ quot;
Yahoo to purge user data after 90 days — Los Angeles Timesquot;
. Articles.latimes.com. 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2010-01-02.<br />^ Afp.google.com, Judge orders Google to give YouTube user data to Viacom<br />^ quot;
Google must divulge YouTube logquot;
. BBC News. 3 July 2008. Retrieved 2009-12-20.<br />^ reuters.com, Lawyers in YouTube lawsuit reach user privacy deal<br />^ guardian.co.uk/media, Google and Viacom reach deal over YouTube user data<br />^ brandrepublic.com, Viacom backs down over YouTube lawsuit<br />^ quot;
About the Googleplex.quot;
Google. Retrieved on 5 March 2008.<br />^ a b c d Reardon, Marguerite. quot;
Google takes a bigger bite of Big Apple.quot;
c net. 2 October 2006. Retrieved on 9 October 2006.<br />^ quot;
Google Completes Pittsburgh Office, Holds Open Housequot;
. WTAE ThePittsburghChannel. 17 November 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-13.<br />^ quot;
Inside Google's Michigan Officequot;
. InformationWeek. 24 October 2007.<br />^ a b Richmond, Riva. quot;
Google plans to build huge solar energy system for headquarters.quot;
MarketWatch. 17 October 2006. Retrieved on 17 October 2006.<br />^ Strand, Ginger. quot;
Keyword: Evil.quot;
Retrieved on 2008-04-09.<br />^ quot;
Official Google Blog: Mowing with goatsquot;
. Google. 01 May 2009.<br />^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/04/AR2009050400027.html<br />^ quot;
What's it like to work in Engineering, Operations, & IT?.quot;
Google. Retrieved on 2 August 2006.<br />^ Mayer, Marissa. quot;
MS&E 472 Course: Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders Seminar Series.quot;
(video link; an audio podcast is also available in MP3 format). ETL Seminar Series/Stanford University. 17 May 2006. Retrieved on 2 August 2006.<br />^ quot;
Google MentalPlex.quot;
Google. 1 April 2000. Retrieved on 22 February 2007.<br />^ quot;
The technology behind Google's great results.quot;
Google. 1 April 2002. Retrieved on 22 February 2007.<br />^ quot;
Google Copernicus Center is hiring.quot;
Google. 1 April 2004. Retrieved on 22 February 2007.<br />^ quot;
Quench your thirst for knowledge.quot;
Google. 1 April 2005. Retrieved on 22 February 2007.<br />^ Fox, Lynn. quot;
Google to Organize World's Courtship Information with Google Romance.quot;
Google. 1 April 2006. Retrieved on 22 February 2007.<br />^ a b quot;
Welcome to Google TiSP.quot;
Google. 1 April 2007. Retrieved on 1 April 2007.<br />^ quot;
Gmail Paper.quot;
Google. 1 April 2007. Retrieved on 1 April 2007.<br />^ quot;
Language Tools.quot;
Google. Retrieved on 24 January 2007.<br />^ quot;
Google Search Results for 'answer to life the universe and everything'.quot;
Google. Retrieved on 24 January 2007.<br />^ Google results for quot;
recursionquot;
<br />^ quot;
Holiday logos.quot;
Google. Retrieved on 21 May 2007.<br />^ Google search results for quot;
ascii artquot;
<br />^ Associated Press. quot;
Quirky Google Culture Endangered?quot;
Wired Magazine. 28 April 2004.<br />^ Baertlein, Lisa. quot;
Google IPO at $2.7 billion.quot;
CIOL IT Unlimited. 30 April 2004.<br />^ Vise, David A. quot;
Tactics of 'Google Guys' Test IPO Law's Limits.quot;
Washington Post. 17 August 2004. Retrieved on 23 February 2007.<br />^ Rivlin, Gary. quot;
Relax, Bill Gates; It's Google's Turn as the Villain.quot;
New York Times. 24 August 2005.<br />^ Gibson, Owen; Wray, Richard. quot;
Search giant may outgrow its fans.quot;
The Sydney Morning Herald. 25 August 2005.<br />^ Ranka, Mohit. quot;
Google - Don't Be Evil.quot;
OSNews. 17 May 2007.<br />^ Mills, Elinor. quot;
Meet Google's culture czar.quot;
ZDNet. 30 April 2007. Retrieved on 30 April 2007.<br />^ Kawamoto, Dawn. quot;
Google hit with job discrimination lawsuit.quot;
c|net news.com. 27 July 2005.<br />^ Staff Writer. quot;
Google accused of ageism in reinstated lawsuit.quot;
CTV. 6 October 2007. Retrieved on 5 April 2008.<br />^ quot;
About the Foundation.quot;
Google.org. Retrieved on 11 October 2007.<br />^ Hafner, Katie. quot;
Philanthropy Google’s Way: Not the Usual.quot;
The New York Times. 14 September 2006. Retrieved on 11 October 2007.<br />^ Google Chief for Charity Steps Down on Revamp<br />^ Project 10 to the 100th<br />^ Richard Whitt (October 22, 2009). quot;
Time to let the process unfoldquot;
. Google Public Policy Blog. Retrieved 2009-12-20.<br />^ Cerf, Vinton (2006-02-07). quot;
The Testimony of Mr. Vinton Cerf, Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist, Googlequot;
(PDF). p. 8. Retrieved 2008-05-04.<br />Further reading<br />John Battelle (2005-09-08). The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture. Portfolio Hardcover. ISBN 1-59184-088-0.<br />David Vise and Mark Malseed (2005-11-15). The Google Story. Delacorte Press. ISBN 0-553-80457-X.<br />Randall Stross (2008-09-18). Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan To Organize Everything We Know. Free Press (publisher). ISBN 1-41654-691-X.<br />Richard L. Brandt (2009-09-17). Inside Larry and Sergey's Brain. Portfolio Hardcover. ISBN 1-5918-4276-X.<br />Ken Auletta (2009-11-03). Googled: The End of the World As We Know It. Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-235-4.<br />External links<br />Find more about Google on Wikipedia's sister projects:<br /> Definitions from Wiktionary Textbooks from Wikibooks Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Images and media from Commons News stories from Wikinews Learning resources from Wikiversity<br />Google.com<br />Corporate Homepage<br />Official Google Blog<br />On the Origins of Google<br />Google Research<br />quot;
Earliest known google website from 1998quot;
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