This document discusses the linguistic process of derivation, which is the formation of new words based on existing words through the addition of affixes. Derivation contrasts with inflection, which involves grammatical variations of the same word. Derivation often involves adding affixes like -ness, un-, or -ation to form new words from a base word, such as forming happiness and unhappy from happy or determination from determine.

1. Derivation (linguistics)
In linguistics, derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word,
e.g. happiness and unhappy from happy, or determination from determine. It often involves the
addition of a morpheme in the form of an affix, such as -ness, un- and -ation in the preceding
examples.
Derivation stands in contrast to the process of inflection, which means the formation of grammatical
variants of the sa me word, as withdetermine/determines/determining/determined.[1]
In linguistics, derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word,
e.g. happiness and unhappy from happy, or determination from determine. It often involves the
addition of a morpheme in the form of an affix, such as -ness, un- and -ation in the preceding
examples.
Derivation stands in contrast to the process of inflection, which means the formation of grammatical
variants of the same word, as withdetermine/determines/determining/determined.[1]
Who is Sir Modred?
King Arthur's evil son/nephew
Who is Morgan Le Fay?
King Arthur's sister who may have been one of the queens on the barge
What does it mean to be righteous/
morally right
What is the definition of prevailed?
gained the desired effect
What does it mean to dissuade?
advise against
What is the definition of brandishing?
shaking in a threatening way

2. What is the definition of piteous?
deserving of pity
What is a romance hero?
larger-than-life figure usually of mysterious origins, who performs extraordinary
deeds with the aid of magic
Who is the dead night that visits King Arthur in a dream?
Sir Gawain
What laid concealed in the brush and ultimately caused the outbreak of war between
King Arthur and Sir Modred?
an adder
Who tried to dissuade King Arthur from fighting Sir Modred after the battle had
broken out?
Sir Lucas
On what attempt did Sir Bedivere finally throw Excalibur into the lake?
On the 3rd try
Who wrote Le Morte d'Arthur (the work which contains "The Day of Destiny)?
Sir Thomas Malory
Who betrays King Arthur?
Sir Bedivere
Where is Arthur taken to be healed?
Avalon
What is inscribed on King Arthur's tomb?
Here lies Arthur, the once and future king.

3. How is King Arthur mortally wounded?
He is struck by Sir Modred's sword in the head.
What does Sir Gawain warn King Arthur against?
Not to go to battle with Sir Modred.
What happens when Sir Bedivere finally casts Excalibur into the lake?
A hand appears from below the surface and waves the sword three times before it
disappears again.
What does the phrase "The once and future king" imply?
That King Arthur will return one day and resume his reign
Character and Object Identifications: Lancelot, Sir Bedivere, Sir Gawain, Arthur,
Guinevere (Gwenevere), the Bishop of Canterbury, the Sankgreall (Holy Grail), Sir
Brastias, Sir Pinel, Sir Patrise, Sir Bors, Nineve (the Damsel of the Lake), Excalibur
Introduction Questions: Who are the two possible knights who might be "Sir Thomas
Malory"? What do we know about their pasts? What political struggle was taking place in
England during the author's life? What sources did Malory draw upon as he wrote Le
Morte?
Reading Questions:
 The Poisoned Apple
 Before this section begins, after the quest for the Holy Grail, Lancelot turned
to spiritual matters and renounced his illicit affair with Guinevere. What is
the status of his resolution in the second paragraph of our excerpt? How does
that state compare with their affair "to forehand" (earlier)?
 When Lancelot speaks to Guinevere to address her concerns that he is
behaving distantly towards her and warmly toward other maidens, he
expressed what fear about Sir Agravain and Sir Mordred?
 How does Guinevere respond to his ploy to allay suspicion?
 What commandment does Guinevere give to Lancelot?
 Where does Lancelot go after Guinevere banishes him?
 Why does Guinevere "show outward" that she has great delight in all the
other knights?
 What is Sir Gawain's favorite food?
 How does Sir Pinel's assassination attempt run awry? What is his
motivation?

4.  How does Sir Patrise die?
 How does Sir Mador respond to Sir Patrise's death?
 Why can't King Arthur represent Guinevere in a trial-by-combat? Who ends
up as her public defender initially?
 When King Arthur asks Guinevere, "What aileth you . . . that ye cannot keep
Sir Lancelot upon your side," there are two ways to interpret his statement.
Do you think Malory wants us to interpret this as an example of dramatic
irony, in which we as the audience know more about Lancelot and Guinevere
than the king, and see the statement as ironic? Or do you think Malory wants
to suggest that King Arthur knows about Lancelot and Guinevere's affair?
 What is the punishment for murder in Camelot?
 Who shows up to take Sir Bors' place?
 When Lancelot defeats Sir Mador, what two demands does he make to spare
Sir Mador's life?
 What is the ethical problem Lancelot voices when he says he is "ever . . . her
knight in right other in wrong" (i.e., he will serve Guinevere and defend her
whethr it is right or wrong to do so)?
 Who comes to reveal the truth magically about the murder attempt?
 The Day of Destiny
 How does Mordred use forgery skills to sieze power in England? Why isn't
Arthur around to stop him?
 Why does Guinevere lock herself upin the Tower of London with supplies
and food? What scandalous desire does Mordred have?
 What is the Bishop's threat that he will "curse [Mordred] with book, bell, and
candle," i.e., what Catholic rite is he threatening to use? Why is he making
such a dire threat? What is Mordred's reaction?
 In the battle, Sir Gawain receives a wound over the scar of an older wound
Lancelot gave him in the battle of Joyous Garde near Benwick. As he is
dying, to whom does he write a final letter? What is the gist of the letter, and
what request does he make? In addition to using ink, he reveals in the last
paragraph of his letter that he used what other fluid to write the letter?
 According to Malory, what relic of Sir Gawain is still on display within
Dover Castle?
 Before the battle at Salisbury, Arthur has two dreams. What horrible imagery
appears in the first dream? In the second dream, what figure from the past
appears with an oneiromantic warning? What is that warning?
 When Arthur confronts Sir Mordred's forces, how many men does Mordred
have in his "grim host"?
 What peace pact does Arthur propose to Sir Mordred? Does this strike you as
a reasonable compromise? Why or why not?
 What instructions has Arthur given to his men regarding a specific military
target if they "see any sword drawn"? Why does Arthur say he gives them
this command?
 How does an innocent soldier end up triggering the battle by drawing his
sword in error?
 What's the possible symbolism of that battle-trigger in biblical terms? How

5. might it connect with Genesis? What about in terms of symbolism in
bestiaries?
 At the end of the apocalyptic battle, who is left standing on Morded's side?
How many are left alive on Arthur's side? Do you agree with Sir Lucan the
Butler's assessment of who has won the field? Why or why not?
 What weapon does Arthur use against Mordred? Why do you suppose he
doesn't use Excalibur?
 What is Mordred's last dying action?
 As the moon rises over the battlefield, who appears on the field before Sir
Lucan?
 As Sir Lucan helps lift Arthur to his horse, what happens to Sir Lucan?
 What instruction does Arthur give Bedivere regarding Excalibur? How does
Bedivere fail in the first two attempts? Why does he disobey Arthur in this
regard?
 Who and what appears in the lake when Sir Bedivere obeys Arthur?
 Who comes to take Arthur away as he lies injured?
 According to Malory, what do men say in many parts of England?
 Does Malory appear to believe this legend? What does he assert instead?
 What is carved on Arthur's tomb, according to legend? What does this phrase
mean in English?
 Where does Guinevere live out her last days, and how does her personality
change?
Lecture Questions:
How does King Arthur's dream connect with Boethian imagery? How is the presence of
serpents and "worms" (dragons) either a bit of foreshadowing or a bit of symbolism
involving Arthur's lineage?
Our excerpt ends before the final chapter of Malory. In the full story, how does Lancelot
die? Where is Guinevere buried? Lancelot?
Passage Identifications:
A: Then as the book saith, Sir Lancelot began to resort unto Queen Guinevere again and
forgat the promise and the perfection that he made in the quest.
B: "And wit you well, madam, the boldness of you and me will bringus to shame and
slander; and that were me loath to see you dishonoured. And that is the cause I take upon
me more for to do for damsels and maidens than ever I did toforn."
C: So the queen let make a privy dinner in London unto the knights of the Round Table, and
all was for toshow outward that she had as great joy in all other knights of the Round Table
as she had in Sir Lancelot.
D: But Sir Gawain had a custom that he used daily at meat and at supper, that he loved well
all manner of fruit, and in especial apples and pears. And therefore whosomever dined other

6. feasted Sir Gawainw ould commonly purvey for good fruit for him.
E: "Fair lords, me repenteth of this trouble,but the case is so I may not have ado in this
matter, for I must be a rightful judge. And that repenteth me that I may not do battle for my
wife, for, as I deem, this deed came never by her."
F: "What aileth you . . . that ye cannot keep Sir Lancelot upon your side?"
G: "As for our most noble King Arthur, we love him and honour him as well as ye do, but
as for Queen Guinevere, we love her not, because she is a destroyer of knights."
H: And a great fire was made about an iron stake. . . . She should there be brent; for such
custom was used in those days: for favour, love, nother affinity there should be none other
but righteous judgment, as well upon a king as upon a knight, and as well upon a queen as
upon another poor lady.
I: And afterward, he drew him unto Winchester, and there he took the queen, and said
plainly that he would wed her (which was his uncle's wife and his father's wife). [The
queen] was passing heavy, but spake fair, and agreed to [his] will.
J: "I . . . send thee greeting, letting thee to have knowledge that the tenth day of May I was
smitten upon the old wound that thou gave me afore the city of Benwick, and through that
wound I am come to my death-day. . . . Wherefore I beseech thee, to return again unto this
realm and see my tomb and pray some prayer more or less for my soul. And the date of this
letter was written with mine own hand and subscribed with part of my heart blood. And
therefore I require thee, most famous knight of the world, that thou wilt see my tomb."
K: And in his dream him seemed that he saw upon a chaflet a chair, and the chair was fast
to a wheel, and thereupon sat [the king] in the richest cloth of gold that might be made. And
the king thought there was under him, far from him, an hideous deep black water, and
therein was all manner of serpents and worms, and wild beasts, foul and horrible. And
suddenly the king though that the wheel turned upside down, and he fell among the
serpents.
L: . . . he warned all his host that an they see any sword drawn, "look ye come on fircely
and slay that traitor . . . for I in no way trust him."
M: Right so came out an adder of a little heath-bush, and it stang a knight in the foot. And
so when the knight felt him so stung, he looked down and saw the adder; and anon he drew
his sword to slay the adder, and thought him none other harm.
N: Speaker 1: "Now give me my spear for yonger I have espied teh traitor that all this woe
hath wrought."
Speaker 2: "Sir, let him be for he is unhappy. And if ye pass this unhappy day ye shall be
right well revenged. Ye have won the field; for yet we been here three on live, and with

7. [him] is not one of live. And therefore if ye leave off now, this wicked day of Destiny is
passed."
O. And by the way he beheld that noble sword and the pommell and the haft was all
precious stones. And then he said to himself, "If I throw this rich sword in the water, thereof
shall never come good, but harm and loss." And then [he] hid Excalibur under a tree, and so
soon as he might came again unto the king and said he had been at the water and had
thrownthe sword into the water.
P. Yet some men say in many parts of England that King Arthur not dead, but had by the
will of Lord Jesu[s] unto another place; and men say that he shall come again, and he shall
win the Holy Cross. Yet I will not say that it shall be so, but rather I would say: here in this
world he changed his life
Q: HIC IACET ARTHURUS REX QUONDAM REXQUE FUTURUS
Day of Destiny
Compound Word List #1
lifetime elsewhere upside grandmother
cannot baseball fireworks passport
together become became sunflower
crosswalk basketball sweetmeat superstructure
moonlight football railroad rattlesnake
anybody weatherman throwback skateboard
meantime earthquake everything herein
sometimes also backward schoolhouse
butterflies upstream nowhere bypass
fireflies because somewhere spearmint
something another somewhat airport

8. anyone today himself grasshopper
inside themselves playthings footprints
therefore uplift supergiant homemade
without backbone scapegoat peppermint
Compound Word List # 2
eyeballs longhouse forget afternoon
southwest northeast alongside meanwhile
keyboard whatever blacksmith diskdrive
herself nobody seashore nearby
silversmith watchmaker subway horseback
itself headquarters sandstone limestone
underground glassmaking riverbanks touchdown
honeymoon bootstrap toothpick toothpaste
dishwasher household township shadyside
popcorn airplane pickup housekeeper
bookcase babysitter saucepan lukewarm
bluefish hamburger honeydew raincheck

9. thunderstorm spokesperson widespread weekend
hometown commonplace moreover pacemaker
Compound Word List # 3
supermarket supermen supernaturalsuperpower
somebody someday somehow someone
anymore anyplace anytime anyway
backhand watchdog backlog backpack
backstage waterfall backtrack noisemaker
underage underbelly underbid undercharge
bookworm bookstore bookshelf bookend
superscript supersonic superstar supersensitive
bookkeeper bookmark bookmobile forgive
forklift format fortnight honeycomb
honeysuckle honeybee keyhole keynote
keyway keyword lifeblood lifeboat
lifeguard lifelike lifeline lifelong
forefinger forefather forehand forehead
Compound Word List # 4
onetime supercargo supercharge overabundance
backside backslap backspace backspin
undercut underdevelop underdog underestimate

10. superstrong supertanker superweapon superwoman
underexpose underfoot however eyesight
airfield sidekick crossover sunbathe
anywhere anyhow backache backbite
backbreaker backdrop backfire background
textbook underachieve underact underarm
keypad keypunch keystone keystroke
upstairs softball uptight upstate
supercool superego superfine superhero
foreleg foreman foresee oneself
Compound Word List # 5
washroom blackbird blackboard blackberries
upend blacktop whitecap whitefish
whitewall whitewash friendship pancake
daytime upbringing upbeat upcoming
repairman firefighter standby bedroom
blackjack blacklist blackmail blackout
uphill waterline upkeep upland
firehouse teenager carpool bellbottom
ballroom brainchild pinstripe bodywork
upward upwind upturn storerooms
deadline rainbow watermelon waterway

11. daybreak daybook daydream daylight
update upgrade upheaval upheld
Compound Word List # 6
upload washstand upon upperclassman
lifesaver forearm forbearer forbid
carhop carload carport carpetbagger
wastepaper upshot uplink upstage
newspaper grandchild grandparent grandchildren
fishpond fishtail hookup eyecatching
taxicab taxpayer teacup teamwork
uppercut uppercase uppermost uprising
newsreel newsstand newsworthy granddaughter
grandfather grandmaster grandaunt grandnephew
upright uproar uproot upstart
grandnieces grandson grandstand granduncle
boldface bankbook bankroll dishcloth
dishpan dishwater cardboard carefree
Compound Word List # 7
caretaker carsick carfare cargo

12. uptake upthrust newsroom uptime
carryall cartwheel wheelbase wheelbarrow
washcloth fishlike waterproof fishnet
newsdealer watershed newsman snowdrift
intake courtyard overflow cornmeal
underclothes overcoat undercover undercurrent
takeover talebearer taleteller tapeworm
superhuman wasteland superman superhighways
afterlife setback overland highway
mainland caveman drawbridge lifework
firebomb someplace passbook passkey
airtime firecracker sidewalk fireball
allover notebook throwaway fireproof
buttermilk footnote moonbeam Sunday
Compound Word List # 8
handmade candlelight firearm airline
crossbow sideshow software sunfish
moonstruck rattletrap weatherproof earthworm
schoolboy sweetheart butternut hereafter
playback foothill eyelid southeast
horseplay headache blueprint raindrop
weekday hammerhead foreclose foreclosure

13. slowdown skyscraper motherhood fatherland
forecast highball forebear mainline
slumlord snowball snakeskin soundproof
firebreak aircraft crosscut railway
earthward buttercup allspice noteworthy
playboy footlocker handgun horsepower
rainstorm bluegrass cheeseburger weeknight
headlight bedrock standoff commonwealth
Compound Word List # 9
cancan fireboat airlift Passover
crossbreed sideburns sunbaked moonshine
schoolbook hereby playhouse butterfingers
footlights handbook backslide eyelash
steamship headline spillway houseboat
longhand horsehair standpipe whatsoever
foresight soybean bookseller blueberry

14. cheesecake raincoat thunderbolt standpoint
bedroll cardsharp bellboy brainwash
bodyguard pinhole ponytail newsboy
careworn duckpin duckbill hookworm
courthouse afterimage highchair mothball
sixfold skintight skylight slapstick
snowbank standout handout eyeglasses
footrest stepson stockroom stonewall
Compound Word List # 10
sailboat watchword timesaving timeshare
salesclerk showoff sharecropper sheepskin
candlestick newsbreak newscaster newsprint
butterscotch turnabout turnaround turnbuckle

15. eyewitness starfish stagehand spacewalk
shoemaker turndown turnkey turnoff
horsefly comedown comeback cabdriver
bluebird tablespoon tabletop tableware
stoplight sunlit sandlot snowbird
bluebell wheelhouse fishhook fishbowl
stronghold tailgate taillight taillike
pinup tailspin takeoff takeout
bellhop taproot target taskmaster
steamboat dairymaid teaspoon daisywheel
pinwheel telltale tenderfoot tenfold
Compound Word List # 11
timekeeper watchword timesaving timeshare

16. shoelace showoff sharecropper sheepskin
newfound newsbreak newscaster newsprint
timetable turnabout turnaround turnbuckle
sharpshooter starfish stagehand spacewalk
turncoat turndown turnkey turnoff
aboveboard comedown comeback cabdriver
tablecloth tablespoon tabletop tableware
sundial sunlit sandlot snowbird
wheelchair wheelhouse fishhook fishbowl
tagalong tailgate taillight taillike
tailpiece tailspin takeoff takeout
taproom taproot target taskmaster
teammate dairymaid teaspoon daisywheel
showplace telltale tenderfoot tenfold

17. Compound Word List # 12
shortbread teapot timesaving timeshare
firewater airmen sharecropper sheepskin
moonscape schoolwork newscaster newsprint
hereupon weathercock turnaround turnbuckle
handcuff headdress stagehand spacewalk
housetop forever turnkey turnoff
tailcoat bedclothes comeback cabdriver
upstanding fisheye tabletop tableware
afterglow highland sandlot snowbird
sisterhood skylark fishhook fishbowl
waistline walkways taillight taillike
walleyed wallpaper takeoff takeout
wardroom warehouse target taskmaster
warlike warmblooded teaspoon daisywheel

18. warpath telltale tenderfoot tenfold
Compound Word List # 13
around washbowl fisherman schoolbus
ashtray washboard beachcomb washout
blackball upmarket washtub wastebasket
sunroof sundown snowshovel sunup
upset wastewater superimpose watchband
jailbait jetliner dogwood downbeat
atchcase backlash watchman below
jetport boardwalk jackpot ballpark
watchtower timepieces watercolor watercooler
gumball goodbye nevermore coffeemaker
watercraft backstroke waterfront waterlog

19. moonwalk woodshop jellyfish waterfowl
uphold watermark fishmonger waterpower
shipbottom goodnight nutcracker racquetball
waterscape newsletter waterside waterspout
Compound Word List # 14
scarecrow toolbox gearshift tailbone
watertight waterworks waterwheel wavelength
thunderbird bugspray overshoes paycheck
wavelike warfare waxwork waybill
bowtie crewcut typewriter jumpshot
wayfarer waylaid wayward wayside
deadend eardrum postcard fruitcup

20. overboard jellybean centercut rubberband
sunray clockwise downunder earache
turntable driveway matchbox motorcycle
nightfall graveyard carrack doorstop
tadpole eggshell stopwatch limelight
ironwork cattail nursemaid sunglasses
wipeout egghead eardrop earthbound
daybed earring housework haircut
Compound Word List New
blowgun forethought upscale
duckweed forewarn upstroke
bowlegs foreknowledgeuptown
forebrain foregone washhouse
forefeet foreshadow washrag

21. forefoot foretold
forego foreword
foreground grassland
butterball horseman
forecastle horseradish
foremost moonlit
forepaws catwalk
cardstock newborn
foredoom newsperson
forestall rainwater
Compound(linguistics)
In , a compound is a (less precisely, a ) that consists of more than
one . Compounding or composition is the process of that creates compound lexemes (the
other word-formation process being ). That is, in familiar terms, compounding occurs when
two or more words are joined together to make them one word. The meaning of the
compound may be very different from the meanings of its components in isolation.
Compound Words (190 Words)
=== Things You Can Do w ith This Word List ===
 airport
 anymore
 anyplace
 anything
 anywhere
 armchair
 backache
 background

22.  backpack
 basketball
 bathrobe
 bathtub
 battleship
 bedroom
 beeline
 birthday
 blackboard
 bookcase
 booklet
 bookshelf
 bookworm
 briefcase
 buttercup
 butterfly
 campfire
 campground
 candlestick
 cardboard
 carpet
 chopstick
 classmate
 clockwise
 courtyard
 cowboy
 cupboard
 cutlet
 daredevil
 daydream
 dishwasher
 dishwater
 doorbell
 doormat
 doorstep
 doorstop
 doorway
 dragonfly
 droplet
 earache
 earrings
 evergreen
 everybody
 everyday
 eyeball
 fingerprint
 firearm
 firefighter
 fireplace
 fireproof
 fireworks

23.  fishtail
 football
 footprint
 forecast
 foresee
 forget
 forgive
 fourfold
 friendship
 gentleman
 goldfish
 goldfish
 grandfather
 grandmother
 grandstand
 grasshopper
 graveyard
 greenhouse
 groundnut
 hailstorm
 hallway
 handcuff
 headache
 headlight
 headmaster
 headmistress
 heartbeat
 heartbroken
 highway
 homework
 honeycomb
 hookworm
 horsefly
 houseboat
 inside
 jawbone
 ladybug
 landlady
 landlord
 leadership
 leaflet
 lengthwise
 lighthouse
 loudspeaker
 masterpiece
 matchstick
 meatball
 moonlight
 myself
 necktie
 newspaper

24.  nobody
 offhand
 online
 otherwise
 outdoor
 outfield
 outfit
 outgrow
 outlaw
 outlet
 outnumber
 outpatient
 outside
 overboard
 overdose
 overdue
 pancake
 partnership
 penknife
 photocopy
 playground
 playroom
 popcorn
 postman
 railway
 rainbow
 raindrops
 rattlesnake
 ringworm
 sandbags
 sandcastle
 sandpaper
 seafood
 seashore
 seaweed
 shipwreck
 shoestring
 shortbread
 skateboard
 skyscraper
 snowboard
 snowstorm
 something
 soundproof
 spaceship
 staircase
 starlight
 stomachache
 strawberry
 sunlight
 sunshine

25.  superhuman
 superimpose
 supernatural
 surfboard
 tailgate
 teacup
 teapot
 thunderstorm
 tightrope
 timetable
 tombstone
 toolbox
 toothbrush
 understand
 wallpaper
 wardrobe
 warship
 watermelon
 waterproof
 weekend
 wheelbarrow
 wheelchair
 woodcutter
 woodland
 woodpile
 woodshed
 woodwork
 woodworm
 yourself
Examples of Synonyms
Synonyms are words that are similar or have a related meaning to another word. They can be
lifesavers, especially when you want to avoid repeating the same words over and over. Also,
sometimes the word you have in mind might not be the most appropriate word, which is why
finding the right synonym can come in handy. Luckily, we do not have to go searching the
recesses of our mind to come up with a list of synonyms; there are numerous online tools
providing synonym examples at our disposal including right here at YourDictionary.com
Here is a list of adjectives and their synonyms that are commonly used to describe
people.
 Beautiful: Attractive, Pretty, Lovely, Stunning
 Fair: Just, Objective, Impartial, Unbiased
 Funny: Humorous, Comical, Hilarious, Hysterical
 Happy: Content, Joyful, Mirthful, Upbeat
 Hardworking: Diligent, Determined, Industrious, Enterprising
 Honest: Honorable, Fair, Sincere, Trustworthy
 Intelligent: Smart, Bright, Brilliant, Sharp

26.  Introverted: Shy, Bashful, Quiet, Withdrawn
 Kind:Thoughtful, Considerate, Amiable, Gracious
 Lazy: Idle, Lackadaisical, Lethargic, Indolent
 Mean: Unfriendly, Unpleasant, Bad-tempered, Difficult
 Outgoing: Friendly, Sociable, Warm, Extroverted
 Rich: Affluent, Wealthy, Well-off, Well-to-do
 Strong: Stable, Secure, Solid, Tough
 Unhappy: Sad, Depressed, Melancholy, Miserable
 Lucky: Auspicious, Fortunate
 Positive: Optimistic, Cheerful, Starry-eyed, Sanguine
 Bossy: Controlling, Tyrannical