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2. http://www.abcgallery.com/A/aivazovsky/aivazovskybio.html Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900) Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born in the family of a merchant of Armenian origin in the town of Feodosia, Crimea. His parents were under strained circumstances and he spent his childhood in poverty. With the help of people who had noticed the talented youth, he entered the Simpheropol gymnasium, and then the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he took the landscape painting course and was especially interested in marine landscapes. In the autumn of 1836 Aivazovsky presented 5 marine pictures to the Academic exhibition, which were highly appreciated. In 1837, Aivazovsky received the Major Gold Medal for Calm in the Gulf of Finland (1836) and The Great Roads at Kronstadt (1836), which allowed him to go on a long study trip abroad. However the artist first went to the Crimea to perfect himself in his chosen genre by painting the sea and views of Crimean coastal towns. During the period of 1840-1844 Aivazovsky, as a pensioner of the Academy of Arts, spent time in Italy, traveled to Germany, France, Spain, and Holland. He worked much and had many exhibitions, meeting everywhere with success. He painted a lot of marine landscapes, which became very popular in Italy: The Bay of Naples by Moonlight (1842), Seashore. Calm (1843), Malta. Valetto Harbour (1844). His works were highly appreciated by J.W.M. Turner, a prominent English landscape and marine painter. In the course of his work, Aivazovsky evolved his own method of depicting the motion of the sea – from memory, without preliminary sketches, limiting himself to rough pencil outlines. Aivazovsky’s phenomenal memory and romantic imagination allowed him to do all this with incomparable brilliance.

3. The development of this new method reflected the spirit of the age, when the ever-increasing romantic tendencies put an artist's imagination to the front. When in 1844 the artist returned to St. Petersburg, he was awarded the title of Academician, and became attached to the General Naval Headquarters. This allowed him to travel much with Russian fleet expeditions on different missions; he visited Turkey, Greece, Egypt, America. From 1846 to 1848 he painted several canvases with naval warfare as the subject; the pictures portrayed historical battles of the Russian Fleet The Battle of Chesme (1848), The Battle in the Chios Channel (1848), Meeting of the Brig Mercury with the Russian Squadron... (1848). Towards the 1850s the romantic features in Aivazovsky’s work became increasingly pronounced. This can be seen quite clearly in one of his best and most famous paintings The Tenth Wave (1850) and also in Moonlit Night (1849), The Sea. Koktebel. (1853), Storm (1854) and others. The process, which determined the development of Russian art in the second half of the 19th century, also affected Aivazovsky. A new and consistently realistic tendency appeared in his work, although the romantic features still remained. The artist's greatest achievement of this period is The Black Sea (1881), a picture showing the nature of the sea, eternally alive, always in motion. Other important pictures of the late years are The Rainbow (1873), Shipwreck (1876), The Billow (1889), The Mary Caught in a Storm (1892). Aivazovsky left more than 6000 pictures, which are of very different value. There are masterpieces and there are very timid works. He failed to draw landscapes, could not draw a man. Aivazovsky got good commissions and became rich. He spent much money for charity, especially for his native town, he opened in Feodosia the first School of Arts (in 1865), then the Art Gallery (in 1889). He was a member of Academies of Stuttgart, Florence, Rome and Amsterdam.

4. View of the Cost Near St. Petersburg. 1835

5. The Great Roads at Kronstadt. 1836

6. Windmill on the Sea Coast. 1837

7. The Roads at Kronstadt. 1840.

8. Sea Seashore. 1840 shore. 1840 Seashore. 1840

9. The Coast at Amalfi. 1841

10. The Bay of Naples by Moonlight. 1842

11. Seashore. Calm. 1843

12. Malta. Valetto Harbour. 1844

13. Reval (Tallinn). 1844

14. View of Odessa by Moonlight. 1846

15. View of Constantinople by Moonlight. 1846 .

16. The Battle in the Chios Channel. 1848

17. Meeting of the Brig Mercury with the Russian Squadron

18. View of the Leander Tower in Constantinople. 1848

19. Moonlit Night. 1849

20. The Tenth Wave. 1850

21. The Sea. Koktebel. 1853

22. Moonlit Night. A Bathing Hut in Feodosia. 1853

23. Storm. 1854

24. Towers on the Rock Near Bosporus. 1859

25. On the Island of Rhodes. 1861

26. View of the Sea from the Mountains at Sunset. Crimea. 1864

27. On the Island of Crete. 1867 On the Island of Crete. 1867

28. Stormy Sea. 1868

29. Mountain Village Gunib in Daghestan. View from the East. 1869

30. The Rainbow. 1873

31. Naufragiul

32. View of the Sea by Moonlight. 1878

33. The Black Sea. 1881

34. Ivan Aivazovsky and Ilya Repin. Pushkin's Farewell to the Sea. 1887

35. The Billow. 1889

36. The Mary Caught in a Storm. 1892

37. Breakers on the Crimean Coast. 1892

38. The Caucasian Range from the Sea. 1894

39. Sunset at Sea

40. Batalia de la Chesme 1848

41. Flota Marii Negre

42. Dimineata pe malul portului Ialta

43. In toiul razboiului

44. Batalie langa Crimeea

45. Insula Ischia

46. Batalia din Navara

47. Pe insula Creta Pe insula Creta

48. Marea

49. MA L A G A

50. Noapte cu luna in estul Ialtei

51. Muntii de gheata

52. Naufragiul

53. Muntii Caucazului si Marea

54. Furtuna

55. Iesirea la batalia Sevastopolului

56. Apus de soare

57. Apus de luna la Feodosia

58. Razboiul

59. Seara la Venetia

60. Venetia

61. Venetia

62. Bricul Mercur

63. Bricul Mercur

64. Contrabandistii

65. Shtil u Krymskikh beregov

66. Svadba na Ukraine

67. Koktebelskaya bukhta

68. Kamyshi na Dnepre