1. Politicas que promueven la integracion residencial urbana: El caso de Estados Unidos y Europa Santiago de Chile, Jueves 11 de Septiembre Nico Calavita, Professor Graduate Program in City Planning San Diego State University
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5. What are Linkage Fees? Linkage Fees are paid by developers of non-residential development to build affordable housing They are called linkage fees because of the link between a new hotel, a winery, etc., and the hiring of new workers at wages that make it impossible for them to afford market-rate housing
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8. Environmental Movement Questioning of the idea that growth is good, that growth is inevitable Emphasis on Quality of Life Outcome: Growth management and expansion of exactions to make developers pay for the costs of growth
9. Exactions and Development Impact Fees (DIFs) Exactions: Exactions are payments made by a developer to local governments for the right to develop to offset the impacts of development Exactions can include Development Impact Fees, the dedication of land for public facilities, linkage fees, etc.
10. Decline in Federal funding for affordable housing in the 1970s and 1980s Outcome: States & localities are left to fend for themselves to provide affordable housing
11. Affordability Problems During the late 1970s interest rates exploded and housing prices rose much faster than incomes, especially in places such as California and the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area Outcome: Interest in IH as a mechanism to produce affordable housing
12. In summary: 1) growth management and concern for QOL legitimized higher levels and new forms of "exactions;" 2) housing cost crises at the same time that the Federal government practically eliminated affordable housing programs forced lower levels of government to intervene and; 3) exclusionary zoning practices and failure of efforts to foster socioeconomic integration pointed to the need for new approaches All these factors combined to give impetus to IH in the 1970s
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16. Smart Growth, New Interest in Urban Living Emphasis on densification, infill and redevelopment of already urbanized areas IH from the suburbs expands to the cities
17. IH is being applied not only to new development, but also to existing buildings when Condo Conversions occur With condo conversions existing (many times affordable) rental apartments are converted into ownership (condominium) units Affordable housing is lost
18. Emphasis on redevelopment, "infill" and densification can lead to gentrification In redevelopment areas IH can become an important mechanism to insure that at least a small percentage of the units remain affordable to low-income households. Outcome: IH as a tool for fostering mixed-income communities in the suburbs acquires new importance in urban areas
34. To analyze these new approaches in Europe (Italy, Spain, France, Great Britain, Ireland) and Canada and compare them with those in the U.S., Alan Mallach and I are conducting comparative research with the support of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
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42. Spain Housing costs skyrocketed late 1990s/early 2000 Housing speculation - Second homes Rapid influx of migrants, especially in Catalunia Higher job mobility, but lack of rental housing
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