This document defines pharmaceutical drugs and describes how they are classified and administered. Medications can be classified in several ways, including by their chemical properties, biological effects, or therapeutic uses. Drugs come in various dosage forms and are administered through different routes including orally as pills, tablets, capsules, and liquids; inhalation as sprays, inhalers, and nebulizers; parenterally via injection; topically as creams, gels, and patches; and rectally or vaginally as suppositories.

2. Definition
• A pharmaceutical
drug, also referred to as
medicine or
medication, can be
loosely defined as any
chemical substance
intended for use in the
medical
diagnosis, cure, treatme
nt, or prevention of
disease.

3. Classification
• Medications can be classified in various ways, such as by chemical
properties, mode or route of administration, biological system
affected, or therapeutic effects. An elaborate and widely used
classification system is the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical
Classification System (ATC system). The World Health Organization
keeps a list of essential medicines.
A sampling of classes of medicine includes:
• Antipyretics: reducing fever (pyrexia/pyresis)
• Analgesics: reducing pain (painkillers)
• Antimalarial drugs: treating malaria
• Antibiotics: inhibiting germ growth
• Antiseptics: prevention of germ growth near burns, cuts and wounds

4. Dosage form
• Dosage forms are a
mixture of active drug
components and nondrug
components. Depending
on the method of
administration they come
in several types. These
are liquid dosage
form, solid dosage form
and semisolid dosage
forms.

5. Types of drugs
Oral
A pill is a small, round, solid pharmaceutical
oral dosage form that was in use before the
advent of tablets and capsules.
A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It
comprises a mixture of active substances
and excipients, usually in powder
form, pressed or compacted from a powder
into a solid dose.
Encapsulation refers to a range of techniques
used to enclose medicines in a relatively
stable shell known as a capsule.
Caplet - a smooth, coated, oval shaped
medicinal tablet in the shape of a capsule.
Thin film drug delivery uses a dissolving film
or oral drug strip to administer drugs via
absorption in the mouth.
Medicated syrups are aqueous solutions
containing sugar and at least one water
soluble active ingredient.
Powder -a preparation in the form of fine
particles especially for medicinal or
cosmetic use.

6. Types of drugs
Inhalational
Aerosol spray is a type of
dispensing system which creates
an aerosol mist of liquid
particles.
An inhaler or puffer is a medical
device used for delivering
medication into the body via the
lungs.
A nebulizer is a device used to
administer medication in the
form of a mist inhaled into the
lungs.
Vaporizer a device used to extract
for inhalation the active
ingredients of plant material.

7. Types of drugs
Parenteral Injection
Intradermal (ID) one made into the
dermis or substance of the skin.
Intramuscular (IM) is the injection of a
substance directly into a muscle.
Intraosseous (IO) is the process of
injecting directly into the marrow of a
bone.
Intraperitoneal (IP) is the injection of a
substance into the peritoneum (body
cavity).
Intravenous (IV) is the infusion of liquid
substances directly into a vein.
Subcutaneous (SC) Injection into the
subcutaneous tissue is a route of
administration used for, for
example, insulin.
Intrathecal (IT) Injection into the spinal
column (субдурально)

8. Types of drugs
Topical
A cream is a topical preparation usually for application to the skin.
A gel is a solid, jelly-like material that can have properties ranging
from soft and weak to hard and tough.
Balm - topical medical preparation (бальзам)
A lotion is a low- to medium-viscosity, topical preparation intended
for application to unbroken skin.
An ointment is a homogeneous, viscous, semi-solid preparation that
is intended for external application to the skin or mucous
membranes.
Ear drops are a form of medicine used to treat or prevent ear
infections, especially infections of the outer ear and ear canal.
Eye drops are saline-containing (солевий розчин) drops used as an
ocular route to administer.
A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on
the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin
and into the bloodstream.
Vaginal rings (also known as intravaginal rings, or V-Rings) are
polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled
release of drugs for intravaginal administration over extended
periods of time.

9. Types of drugs
Suppository
Suppositories may be
inserted into the rectum
as a route of
administration for
medicine.(rectal)
Intravaginal administration
is a route of
administration where the
substance is applicated
inside the vagina.