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Are there Technical Barriers to
      Open Education?
Open Education Conference “Beyond Content”
      October 16-18th 2012, Vancouver
45 minute presentation by:
                             Dr Viv Rolfe BSc PhD
                         National Teacher Fellow 2012
                                      &
                      Philip Tubman
        ALT Learning Technologist of the Year 2012




http://www.lancs.ac.uk/celt/celtweb/learning-technologist-of-the-year-2012
technology
• De Montfort University
• Education establishment
  since 1870
• 25,000 students
• Arts, Science, Business and
  Law, Technology
• The Queen visited in March
  2012!
Concept

 • For open education to flourish, users of OER need to
   be able to discover them, to be able to use and adapt
   them, and to share their derivations (Yergler 2010 ).

 • ALMS analysis (Hilton III, Wiley et al 2010)
       •   Access to editing tools
       •   Level of expertise
       •   Meaningfully editable
       •   Source files
OER Lifecycle


                                    Discovery




                      Publication               Improvement




Nathan Yergler 2010
Reality?
                                            Use (unchanged)

                         Discovery




           Publication               Improvement
V Rolfe - Open Education and Technical Opportunities - October 2012
Technical Blockade
               Where to search?
               Repositories?             Use (unchanged)
               Google?

                      Discovery




        Publication               Improvement
Technical Blockade
               Where to search?
               Repositories?             Use (unchanged)
               Google?                   Multiple file formats
                                         Technology barriers
                      Discovery          Staff training




        Publication               Improvement
Technical Blockade
               Where to search?
               Repositories?             Use (unchanged)
               Google?                   Multiple file formats
                                         Technology barriers
                      Discovery          Staff training




        Publication               Improvement
                                       Multiple file formats
                                       Technology barriers
                                       Staff training
Technical Blockade
                         Where to search?
                         Repositories?             Use (unchanged)
                         Google?                   Multiple file formats
                                                   Technology barriers
                               Discovery           Staff training




                 Publication                Improvement
 How / where to share?                           Multiple file formats
                                                 Technology barriers
                                                 Staff training
Discovery

 • University of Nottingham RLO database – a web
   search is the most popular route of discovery . OER
   portals were rarely used e.g. Jorum (Windle 2012).

 • Repositories are fragile – (150 UK universities?).
   Review of repositories over last 10 years, 11 were
   discontinued and only 2 were over 5 years old
   (Friesen 2009).
Our Approach
               2009 VAL
               Lab skills
               UKOER Funding Phase 1
               Static HTML site


               2010 SCOOTER
               Blood disorders
               UKOER Phase 2
               SEO website



               2011 HALS
               Medical sciences, forensic
               sciences, nursing, midwifery
               UKOER Phase 3
               SEO website
Our “Bite-sized” SEO Strategy




Rolfe & Griffin 2011
Promoting Discovery
 • SEO (search engine optimisation) - means of
   improving a website’s visibility in Google
   (mainly) rankings.
 • Drive organic traffic via targeted keywords
   and back links (URL on other sites).
 • Social networking strategy – Facebook,
   Twitter, Posterous, Pinterest, YouTube.
 • Penguin and Panda updates place importance
   on authority, profiles, Google +.
 • ££££££££££££££$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Two Examples
    SCOOTER UKOER2                        HALS UKOER3
    Wordpress Direct Blog                 Wordpress Direct Blog
    Static OER HTML pages                 OER Blog articles with RSS feed


    Basic SEO                             Enhanced SEO (eZine submissions,
                                          press releases)


    Posterous (Facebook/Twitter/Blogs) Posterous
                                       (Facebook/Twitter/Blogs)
    Google Analytics for basic tracking   Enhanced monitoring of site
    of site performance                   performance


    £ Pragmatic and time realistic              ££ Enhanced SEO campaign
Reach and Impact of our OER?

 • Rapid global distribution.

 • Visitor volume via website, YouTube, Facebook and
   Twitter.

 • Non-targeted audience.

 • No technical barrier to discovery – everyone knows
   how to search.
Technical Blockade
               Where to search?
               Repositories?             Use (unchanged)
               Google?                   Multiple file formats
                                         Technology barriers
                      Discovery          Staff training




        Publication               Improvement
                                       Multiple file formats
                                       Technology barriers
                                       Staff training
Improvement? PROBLEM!
 • Many resources ARE NOT OPEN!

   – Unusable technical formats (SCORM
     packaged, QuestionMarkPerception
     quizzes).
   – Lack of instructions for use / unpackaging.
   – Articulate Presenter files interoperable on
     iPad.
Publish in multiple formats!
And…
 • Republished at the click of a button – altho’
   transcribing takes time.

 • OER reusable and in different formats for
   distribution (other file sharing sites) and is
   ACCESSIBLE and INTEROPERABLE.
Technical Blockade
                                             Where to search?
                                             Repositories?
                                             Google?
                               Discovery




                 Publication               Improvement
 How / where to share?                           Multiple file formats
                                                 Technology barriers
                                                 Staff training
Clear Instructions for Users
  • Clear © licensing instructions on websites and each
    OER.

  • Clear instructions on how and where to share e.g.
    version numbers? Simple sharing on YouTube?
“I feel proud of the fact that I study at
    DMU” (DMU student)                             “The future for learning” (DMU student)


  “I shall be delighted to hand over all pictorial resources relating to
  sickle cell disease so that it can be accessed” (Retired Nurse Counsellor)




                                                   “Thanks, I always wanted to know how a
“ Improve my quality of teaching resources
                                                   microscope worked” (Trash collector, US)
in terms of (C), in tune with what students
want to look at, clearer learning objectives”
(Academic staff)
                                                “Raised my appreciation of the problems
                                                that students experience – about delivering
                                                stuff” (Academic Staff)
Summary

 • Remove technical hurdles – make OER discoverable,
   reusable (accessible, and interoperable) and easy to
   share.

 • Continue evaluating:
    – Which file formats work?
    – Where do people most find OER?
    – Are OER being repurposed and shared?
References
  •   Downes S (2006). Models for Sustainable Open Educational Resources.
      Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects (3), 29-44.

  •   Friesen, N. (2009) ‘Open educational resources: new possibilities for change and
      sustainability’, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning,
      vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1–14.

  •   HALS (Health and Life Science Open Educational Resources). Available July 2012:
      http://www.biologycourses.co.uk

  •   Hilton III, J, Wiley D, Stein J and Johnson A. (2010) The four 'R's of openness and
      ALMS analysis: Frameworks for open educational resources. Open Learning 25(1),
      37–44.

  •   Hylén J (2006). Open educational resources: Opportunities and challenges. Open
      Education Conference Proceedings. Available:
      http://www.knowledgeall.com/files/Additional_Readings-Consolidated.pdf
References
 •   Rolfe V and Griffin SJ (2011). A Guide to SEO
     http://www.sicklecellanaemia.org/teaching-
     resources/resources/scooter80/SCOOTER80a_SEO_Guidelines.pdf

 •   Windle R 2012. Understanding and Supporting the Reuse of OER with Health
     Sciences. SCORE Fellowship Report. http://ebookbrowse.com/richard-windle-
     score-fellowship-final-report-web-version-pdf-d381773057
 •

 •   Yergler NR 2010. Search and Discovery : OER's Open Loop. Available July 2012:
     http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/handle/10609/4852
Thank You
Staff and students   Collaborators




Funders




                             Leicestershire
                                     Police
Thank You Vancouver!

                Twitter
                @DMUViv


                Email
                vrolfe@dmu.ac.uk


                YouTube Channels
                Biology Courses
                Belvoir Academy

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V Rolfe - Open Education and Technical Opportunities - October 2012

  • 1. Are there Technical Barriers to Open Education?
  • 2. Open Education Conference “Beyond Content” October 16-18th 2012, Vancouver
  • 3. 45 minute presentation by: Dr Viv Rolfe BSc PhD National Teacher Fellow 2012 & Philip Tubman ALT Learning Technologist of the Year 2012 http://www.lancs.ac.uk/celt/celtweb/learning-technologist-of-the-year-2012
  • 5. • De Montfort University • Education establishment since 1870 • 25,000 students • Arts, Science, Business and Law, Technology • The Queen visited in March 2012!
  • 6. Concept • For open education to flourish, users of OER need to be able to discover them, to be able to use and adapt them, and to share their derivations (Yergler 2010 ). • ALMS analysis (Hilton III, Wiley et al 2010) • Access to editing tools • Level of expertise • Meaningfully editable • Source files
  • 7. OER Lifecycle Discovery Publication Improvement Nathan Yergler 2010
  • 8. Reality? Use (unchanged) Discovery Publication Improvement
  • 10. Technical Blockade Where to search? Repositories? Use (unchanged) Google? Discovery Publication Improvement
  • 11. Technical Blockade Where to search? Repositories? Use (unchanged) Google? Multiple file formats Technology barriers Discovery Staff training Publication Improvement
  • 12. Technical Blockade Where to search? Repositories? Use (unchanged) Google? Multiple file formats Technology barriers Discovery Staff training Publication Improvement Multiple file formats Technology barriers Staff training
  • 13. Technical Blockade Where to search? Repositories? Use (unchanged) Google? Multiple file formats Technology barriers Discovery Staff training Publication Improvement How / where to share? Multiple file formats Technology barriers Staff training
  • 14. Discovery • University of Nottingham RLO database – a web search is the most popular route of discovery . OER portals were rarely used e.g. Jorum (Windle 2012). • Repositories are fragile – (150 UK universities?). Review of repositories over last 10 years, 11 were discontinued and only 2 were over 5 years old (Friesen 2009).
  • 15. Our Approach 2009 VAL Lab skills UKOER Funding Phase 1 Static HTML site 2010 SCOOTER Blood disorders UKOER Phase 2 SEO website 2011 HALS Medical sciences, forensic sciences, nursing, midwifery UKOER Phase 3 SEO website
  • 16. Our “Bite-sized” SEO Strategy Rolfe & Griffin 2011
  • 17. Promoting Discovery • SEO (search engine optimisation) - means of improving a website’s visibility in Google (mainly) rankings. • Drive organic traffic via targeted keywords and back links (URL on other sites). • Social networking strategy – Facebook, Twitter, Posterous, Pinterest, YouTube. • Penguin and Panda updates place importance on authority, profiles, Google +. • ££££££££££££££$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
  • 18. Two Examples SCOOTER UKOER2 HALS UKOER3 Wordpress Direct Blog Wordpress Direct Blog Static OER HTML pages OER Blog articles with RSS feed Basic SEO Enhanced SEO (eZine submissions, press releases) Posterous (Facebook/Twitter/Blogs) Posterous (Facebook/Twitter/Blogs) Google Analytics for basic tracking Enhanced monitoring of site of site performance performance £ Pragmatic and time realistic ££ Enhanced SEO campaign
  • 19. Reach and Impact of our OER? • Rapid global distribution. • Visitor volume via website, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter. • Non-targeted audience. • No technical barrier to discovery – everyone knows how to search.
  • 20. Technical Blockade Where to search? Repositories? Use (unchanged) Google? Multiple file formats Technology barriers Discovery Staff training Publication Improvement Multiple file formats Technology barriers Staff training
  • 21. Improvement? PROBLEM! • Many resources ARE NOT OPEN! – Unusable technical formats (SCORM packaged, QuestionMarkPerception quizzes). – Lack of instructions for use / unpackaging. – Articulate Presenter files interoperable on iPad.
  • 23. And… • Republished at the click of a button – altho’ transcribing takes time. • OER reusable and in different formats for distribution (other file sharing sites) and is ACCESSIBLE and INTEROPERABLE.
  • 24. Technical Blockade Where to search? Repositories? Google? Discovery Publication Improvement How / where to share? Multiple file formats Technology barriers Staff training
  • 25. Clear Instructions for Users • Clear © licensing instructions on websites and each OER. • Clear instructions on how and where to share e.g. version numbers? Simple sharing on YouTube?
  • 26. “I feel proud of the fact that I study at DMU” (DMU student) “The future for learning” (DMU student) “I shall be delighted to hand over all pictorial resources relating to sickle cell disease so that it can be accessed” (Retired Nurse Counsellor) “Thanks, I always wanted to know how a “ Improve my quality of teaching resources microscope worked” (Trash collector, US) in terms of (C), in tune with what students want to look at, clearer learning objectives” (Academic staff) “Raised my appreciation of the problems that students experience – about delivering stuff” (Academic Staff)
  • 27. Summary • Remove technical hurdles – make OER discoverable, reusable (accessible, and interoperable) and easy to share. • Continue evaluating: – Which file formats work? – Where do people most find OER? – Are OER being repurposed and shared?
  • 28. References • Downes S (2006). Models for Sustainable Open Educational Resources. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects (3), 29-44. • Friesen, N. (2009) ‘Open educational resources: new possibilities for change and sustainability’, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1–14. • HALS (Health and Life Science Open Educational Resources). Available July 2012: http://www.biologycourses.co.uk • Hilton III, J, Wiley D, Stein J and Johnson A. (2010) The four 'R's of openness and ALMS analysis: Frameworks for open educational resources. Open Learning 25(1), 37–44. • Hylén J (2006). Open educational resources: Opportunities and challenges. Open Education Conference Proceedings. Available: http://www.knowledgeall.com/files/Additional_Readings-Consolidated.pdf
  • 29. References • Rolfe V and Griffin SJ (2011). A Guide to SEO http://www.sicklecellanaemia.org/teaching- resources/resources/scooter80/SCOOTER80a_SEO_Guidelines.pdf • Windle R 2012. Understanding and Supporting the Reuse of OER with Health Sciences. SCORE Fellowship Report. http://ebookbrowse.com/richard-windle- score-fellowship-final-report-web-version-pdf-d381773057 • • Yergler NR 2010. Search and Discovery : OER's Open Loop. Available July 2012: http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/handle/10609/4852
  • 30. Thank You Staff and students Collaborators Funders Leicestershire Police
  • 31. Thank You Vancouver! Twitter @DMUViv Email vrolfe@dmu.ac.uk YouTube Channels Biology Courses Belvoir Academy