Ch. 31 section 1 Appeasement

1. McCarthy Kellogg and Cleveland
1

3. Building Towards WWII
Asia
3

4. Japanese Aggression: Hirohito
• In September of 1931, Japan
invades and takes over
Manchuria, in northern China.
• The move was a violation of the
Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
(signed by Japan)
• Despite cries of protest from
China, the League of Nations
accepted Japan’s reasoning of
self-defense for the aggression.
• US reaction- ends arms and
trade agreements
• Japanese look at end of pact as
threat to national security….OIL
involved.
4

5. Building to World War II
Europe
• Treaty of Versailles
• Punishes Germany with reparations, extreme poverty
causes resentment to Great Britain and France.
Opens the door for a radical leader. Hitler =
totalitarian.
• Uses Jews as scapegoat for all of Germany’s woes.
Social Democrats in power prior to Hitler composed
of many Jews, and blamed for Germany’s conditions.
5

6. 6

7. Aggression: Mussolini and Hitler
• Italy-expands into Albania and Ethiopia, already
possesses Libya, Eritrea, and
Somaliland, Sardinia, Sicily
• Germany absorbed Austria into the Third
Reich=German Empire.
• Why didn’t the U.S. act? Isolationism 7

8. HITLER’S WWII
Allies/Partners
8

9. India
Brazil
THE ALLIED
POWERS 9

10. US and Isolationism
• Isolationism-remaining out of
foreign affairs.
• Patch up relations with Latin
America
• Tydings-McDuffie Act gives
independence to Phillipines (to
not upset JP)
• Neutrality Act of 1936 -stops
sending arms to nations at war
• US refuses to join the World
Court in the League of Nations
• Neutrality Act of 1937 -changes
arms sales to “cash and carry”
10

11. When cautioned not to anger
European powers, Hitler
responded:
“They’ll never act. They’ll just protest. And they
will always be too late.”
Sadly, Hitler was right. Not only
Europe, but the world
responded much to late to the
aggression and violence of
Hitler. The “isolationist” and
“neutral” attitude of the world
led to the deaths of millions
and a full scale world war that
may have been prevented.
11

12. The Painful Lesson
• Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany
meet in Munich on September 28, 1938.
• Hitler has been aggressive in taking land west
of Germany
• GB and FR try to appease Hitler by agreeing
to the dismembering of democratic
Czechoslovakia, in hopes that Hitler would
cease.
• “agreement” is a failure.
• Hitler invades the “demilitarized”
Czechoslovakia and promptly breaks Munich
Pact
• By the end of 1939 both Hitler and Mussolini
had conquered more territory
in Europe and made plans for further wars.
• Becomes famous as the “Lesson of Munich”
12

13. Troubling Agreements
• In order to continue on his quest
to dominate Europe, Hitler knew
he must avoid war with the Soviet
Union.
• Hitler and Stalin (Soviet Union)
sign Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in
1939
• GE gets western Poland (prevents
2-sided war)
• SU gets eastern
Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Bessarabia (creates buffer against
GE invasion)
• What is the overwhelming
consequence of European Why does Russia sign this
appeasement to both Hitler and non-aggressive pact with
Mussolini? Germany?
13

14. September 1st, 1939
Germany invades Poland
officially beginning World
War II
• On September 1, 1939 Hitler
launched a full-scale invasion
of Poland.
• Britain and France declared
war on Germany and WWII
had begun.
• Germany and the Soviet
Union divided Poland into
two zones.
• One month later Germany
invaded France
14

15. HITLER INVADES POLAND:SEPTEMBER 1, 1939
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16. 16

17. MILITARY STRENGTH COMPARSION BETWEEN GERMANY AND POLAND
IN 1939
MILITARY UNIT GERMANY POLAND
INFANTRY
46 38
DIVISIONS
MOTORIZED
4¾ 11 CALVALRY
DIVISIONS BRIGADES(HORSES)
TANK DIVISIONS
7 NONE
TANKS
3200 600
BOMBERS
1176 146
FIGHTERS
771 315
OTHER PLANES
1337 381
17