1. Philip II ruled Spain from 1556 to 1598 and made himself an absolute monarch, believing that God had given him the right to rule. 2. He controlled all parts of the Spanish government and persecuted Protestants while supporting the Catholic Reformation. 3. Under Philip II, Spain had a strong navy and defeated the Ottomans in 1571, but the English navy later defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, contributing to the decline of Spanish power over subsequent decades as it spent too much on wars and neglected domestic economic matters.

4. Philip II
GOVERNMENT WARS ARTS RELIGION
Philip II Builds strong Supports arts Supports
makes himself navy and learning Catholic
absolute ruler Reformation
Controls all Defeats Sets up Stops
parts of Ottoman schools of Catholics
government navy in 1571 science and from
mathematics converting to
Protestantism
Believes God English navy Encourages Persecutes
had given him defeats painters and Protestants in
right to rule Spanish navy writers Spain
in 1588
Fights against
Dutch
Protestants
for many
years

11. Dutch preparing for war

14. Philip II and Queen Mary

15. Elizabeth I
Queen of
England
• Refuses Philip’s
marriage
proposal.
• ½ sister of Mary
• Sister-in-law of
Philip

21. Vocabulary
• Divine Right-belief that a
ruler’s authority comes
directly from God.
• Absolute Monarch-ruler with
complete authority over the
government and lives of the
people they govern.

22. The Escorial

23. The Town of Escorial
[30 km. Northeast of
Madrid]

24. El Escorial --
Background
( El Escorial was begun in 1563
by Juan Bautista de Toledo, a
Renaissance Spanish
architect who had worked
earlier in Italy, and was
completed after his death in
1567 by Juan de Herrera.

25. El Escorial Statistics
( 15 cloisters
( 16 courts
( 14 entrance halls
( 13 oratory
( 300 cells
( 86 stairways
( 9 towers
( 9 pipe organs
( 232 chorus books
( 73 statues
( More than 1,600 scenes
( 11 cisterns
( 88 fountains
( 2,673 windows
( 1,200 doors

26. The Escorial Palace

27. A Section of the
Monastery
& Gardens
( one of the
largest
religious
establishments
in the world.

28. The Monastery Gardens:
Close-Up

29. The View of the
Countryside from
the Monastery Area

30. Philip II [r. 1556 –
1598]

31. Philip II & “Bloody” Mary
Tudor

32. The Library Inside the
Monastery
( 4,700
manuscripts
[many
illuminated].
( 40,000 printed
books.

33. Philip II’s Chapel

34. Stairwell Inside the
Escorial

35. Ceiling Inside the
Escorial

36. A Main Corredor Inside the
Escorial

37. The
Escorial’s
Library
( Over 4,700 rare
manuscripts.
( Many illuminated
manuscripts.
( Over 45,000
books.

38. Philip II Died in this
Bed

39. The Crypt Area

40. The Crypt of Philip II

42. Miguel de Cervantes’ Don
Quixote

43. • In the 1600s, Spanish power slowly
declined because rulers spent too much
money on wars overseas.
• The Spanish relied on gold and silver from
their American colonies.
• As a result, they neglected business at
home.
• At the same time, the middle class felt
they were being taxed too much so they
stopped supporting the government.
• By the late 1600s, France had replaced
Spain as the most powerful European
nation.

45. Exit Card
1.Define absolute monarch and divine
right.
2. Why did the Spanish economy declined
in the 1600s?