Open source i det offentlige (24 11-2010)

2
Open Source i det Offentlige
Advokat Martin von Haller Grønbæk
Partner, Bender von Haller Dragsted
ITST - 24. november 2010
mandag den 29. november 2010

– Advokat, Bender von Haller Dragsted
– Medstifter, Open Source Leverandørfor.(OSL)
– Editorial board IFOSSLR
– Medfstifter, Creative Commons DK
– Medstifter, Danish Internet Society Chapter
– Juridisk rådgiver for Umbraco and Composite
– Cases for ITST, LEGO og andre
– Erfaring med GPL håndhævelse i Danmark
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3
Martin von Haller Grønbæk
– http://www.bvhd.dk
– http://www.openlife.dk
– http://www.vonhaller.dk
– http://www.linkedin.com/in/vonhaller
– http://www.23hq.com/mhg
– http://www.slideshare.net/vonhaller
– http://www.facebook.com/vonhaller
– mhg@bvhd.dk
– martin@groenbaek.net
– groenbaek@gmail.com

Martin von Haller Grønbæk
–Legal500: “At IT boutique
Bender von Haller Dragsted,
Martin von Haller Grønbæk is
the Danish expert on open
source and emerging issues
around Web 2.0 and internet
law.”
4

I et rige bestående af blinde
er den enøjede konge!

3
Agenda
• Indledning
• Open source jura
overblikket
• Licenser
• Compliance
• Copyleft

Et par
gamle
travere!

Communisme ?

Cancer?

Hvad er
open source?

“Open core”

Open source 4.0

Cloud computing

Licenser bliver
mindre vigtige

Åbenhed
som
forretnings
model

• Åbne data
• Åbne standarder
• Åbne API’er
• Åbne personlige
data

Open source
Licenser

De ﬁre friheder!

#1
Brug selv programmet til
hvad du har lyst

#2
Kig i kildekode

#3
Lav ændringer

#4
Lav kopier og send dem
videre

Men lad være med at
diskriminere

“Give credit”

Overhold
licens eller lad
være med at
bruge

Open source
og
Varemærker

Open source
og patenter

Patent trolls

Academic or
permissive licenses

Apache License v2
MIT License
New BSD license

Copyleft, reciprocal or
hereditary licences

Artistic license v1
Eclipse Public License
Mozilla Public License v.1.1
GNU GPL v1-3
GNU LGPL v1-3

GPL

Del din egen kode
på same vilkår

Distribution

Aﬂedede værker

Kombinationer

Ingen sager om copyleft

Intet ansvar for kode
ved alle licenser!

Fire rettigheder
ved alle licenser

Forskellen
er
copyleft

FLOSS

Håndhævelse

Erstatning

“Mindelige
løsninger”

Offentlig anvendelse
af open source

In-bound

Out-bound

Forretningsmodeller

Dual licensing

Garantier

Copyleft
fritagelser

Forudsætning:
Leverandøren
kontrollerer
koden

Tjenester

Garantier
Vedligeholdelse
Videreudvikling

Kan leveres af alle!

CASE: ITST
• eFaktura (eInvoice)
• Electronic invoices to, from
and between public
agencies
• Core service: UDDI
registry for webservice to
identify senders and
65

Udfordringer
• Two applications provided by
NITA to user (e.g. ERP
vendors)
• API between users’ ERPs and
UDDI WS
• Reference implementation
integrating API with ERP
• NITA wanted to release the
application under an OS
license
66

Mål
• Satisfying the politicians
• Wide adoption of UDDI
• Community based
improvement of the API
• Many vendors should
integrate API into their ERP
67

The Mindstorm story

LEGO goes open source
1 May 2006. LEGO press release
Hackers, Get Ready! LEGO Group
Announces Open Source Firmware,
D e v e l o p e r K i t s f o r L E G O ®
MINDSTORMS® NXT
Consumer-directed robotics experience
creation to enter “NXT” phase with open
firmware, Software, Hardware and
Bluetooth Developer Kits to launch in
August

Background
● Mindstorms robots launched in 1998
● The best-selling LEGO product ever
● Huge Mindstorm community
● LEGO was and is not a software
company
● Only minor upgrades to the firmware
● Several parallel Mindstorms OS’s

Challenges
● LEGO was not comfortable with
“openness”
● LEGO has been and is extremely reliant
on strong IPRs
● ”You don't give away IPRs for free”
● Turbulent period for LEGO in general
● Third party software included

Solution
● Embrace User driven innovation
● Open source as the enabler
● Third party permission for
redistribution under an OS license
● Choice of license
− ”Genuine” open source licence
− Permissive (Academic) or Copyleft
(reciprocal license)

The OS license choice
● Mozilla Public license v. 1.1
● Weak copyleft
● Modification is limited altering
the files
● “I did not understand GPL v.2”
● LEGO was only concerned with
modifications of the actual files
73

The “beauty” of the solution!
• Huge press coverage and goodwill
• Large number of downloads of
code
• Much more “intelligence” in the
bricks
• Convincing strategy towards
competitors
• Option to “close” the code again
• Many more bricks sold!
74

Dual
licensing

CASE: MySQL
Dual-licensing
• The software company perspective
• The same code is licensed under two
different licences:
– MySQL Community Server: GPL v.
2 with FOSS exception
– MySQL Enterprise: Commercial
license
76

Owner's prerogative
● The owner can decide to release under
any and as many terms she likes
● Dual licensing is only possible for
owner's own modfications
● Or assigned modifications
● Control is necessary to mitigate liability
● ”Closing in” the code again

Copyright and control
• MySQL has exclusive copyright
to the code
• MySQL controls and certifies the
code
• The GPL does not give any
rights to use MySQLs
trademarks
78

Why pay?
• Certification of the code
• Warranties
• Maintenance and support
• Copyleft exemption
79

Still not convinced?
• MySQL AB was in 2008 bought
by Sun Microsystem, Inc. for
approximately USD $1 billion in
total consideration
80

Solutions
• API
– Copyleft
– Mozilla public license v. 1.1
(maybe EUPL v. 1.1)
• Reference implementation
– Permissive licence
– FreeBSD license
81

Also available at
http://www.slideshare.net/vonhaller/
Thanks for listening!

Open source i det offentlige (24 11-2010)

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