Todo lo relacionado con los Incoterms en el mundo y sus funciones principales

2. Incoterms Principles Delivery conditions , not payment conditions! Seller and buyer agree on the delivery of goods. Usually, they refer to standardized terms . This speeds up the process and increases the transparency and mutual understanding. Incoterms (= International Commercial Terms), are prepared by the International Chamber of Commerce. They do not apply unless they are expressly incorporated into the contract. They have no binding force of law. More info: www.incoterms.com

3. Relationship: between seller and buyer, not between seller / buyer and carrier! Forwarders, shipbrokers, stevedores and carriers are intermediaries, who instructed by the seller or the buyer, contribute towards the carrying out of these terms. Incoterms Principles

4. Critical Point = The moment in the route of the goods at which the responsibilities are transfered from the seller to the buyer. We distinguish 3 critical points: 1. Transfer of Costs; 2. Transfer of Risk; 3. Transfer of Documents. Incoterms Critical Points

5. Group Term Complete Name Transport Mode E DEPARTURE EXW Ex Works Any F MAIN CARRIAGE FCA Free Carrier Any UNPAID FAS Free Alongside Ship Sea FOB Free on Board Any C MAIN CARRIAGE CFR Cost and Freight Sea PAID CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight Sea CPT Carriage paid to… Any CIP Carriage and Insurance paid to… Any D ARRIVAL DAF Delivered at frontier Any DES Delivered ex ship Sea DEQ Delivered ex Quay Sea DDU Delivered Duty unpaid Any DDP Delivered Duty paid Any Incoterms Overview

6. Seller Carrier Airport Quay Ship, Port of Sailing Ship, Port of Arrival Quay Airport Border Buyer EXW Ex Works FCA Free Carrier FAS Free Alongside Ship FOB Free On Board CFR Cost & Freight CIF Cost Insurance & Freight CPT Carriage Paid To… CIP Carriage & Insurance Paid To… DAF Delivered Ex Ship DES Delivered Ex Quay DEQ Delivered At Frontier DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid DDP Delivery Duty Paid Seller’s Costs Seller’s Risks Incoterms Overview

7. Incoterms and Costs

8. In eleven out of thirteen INCOTERMS there is no obligation to contract transport- insurance. It is strongly recommended that the party which bears the (transport) risk from a certain moment on, does cover this insurance from that moment on. Incoterms and Insurance

9. Incoterms and Insurance

13. Application: Any mode of transport, including Multi modal. Incoterms FCA = Free Carrier

15. Application : Sea- and inland water transport. If parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail, the FCA-term should be used. Incoterms FOB = Free On Board

16. Liner terms: from ship’s tackle till ship’s tackle FOB Incoterms FOB: Loading / Discharging Containers

18. Application: Sea- and inland waterway transport. If parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail, the CIP term should be used. Incoterms CIF = Cost, Insurance & Freight

20. Application : Any mode of transport, including Multi Modal. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport but when delivery is to take place in the port of destination on board the vessel or on the quay (wharf), the DES- or DEQ-term should be used. Incoterms DDU = Delivery, Duty Unpaid

22. Application : Any mode of transport, including Multi Modal. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport but when delivery is to take place in the port of destination on board the vessel or on the quay (wharf), the DES- or DEQ-term should be used. Incoterms DDP = Delivery, Duty Paid

24. Application: Sea and Inland waterway transport Incoterms FAS = Free Alongside Ship

26. Application: Sea and Inland waterway transport only. If parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail, the CPT-term should be used. Incoterms CFR = Cost and Freight

27. Incoterms CPT = Carriage Paid To … Seller delivers the goods to the Carrier nominated by him cleared for export and pays the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. Terminal Terminal Terminal Terminal Critical Point Costs: The moment the goods are - uncleared - at the disposal of the buyer in the place of destination Critical Point Risk: The moment the goods have been delivered to and put under the custody of the first carrier.

28. Application: Any mode of transport including Multi modal. Incoterms CPT = Carriage Paid To …

30. Application: Any mode of transport including Multi modal. Incoterms CIP = Carriage and Insurance Paid To …

32. Application: Any mode of transport including Multi modal. Incoterms DAF = Delivered At Frontier

34. Application: Sea and Inland waterway transport Incoterms DES = Delivered Ex Ship

36. Application: Sea and Inland waterway transport Incoterms DEQ = Delivered Ex Quay

37. Which Incoterms are suitable for multimodal transport, especially in containers ? - W hen using loading units, the point of risk transfer between seller and buyer should be a point where a physical inspection is possible, e.g. when loading or unloading the container. - So, FOB or CIF clauses are not very suitable, because there the point of risk transfer is the reeling of the ship. The distinct location of a damage of the cargo inside the container is almost impossible. - So, better use EXW, FCR, DDU or DDP. Incoterms Application: Example